Pregnantie Van Context en Effect Ervan op Het Raden, Leren en Onthouden Van Vreemdtalige Woorden

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Jan-Arjen Mondria
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Sentential Context ◽  
Learning Stage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This paper reports research into the acquisition of vocabulary in a foreign language, more specifically into the supposition that 'guessing' (i.e. inferring the meaning of an unknown word from context and word-form) contributes substantially to retention. Although much is to be said for the latter, the empirical underpinning of this supposition has so far been slight and various questions have remained. In order to gain a better insight into these we have carried out an experiment in a classroom setting, focussing on the following questions: 1.Which factors of context influence the guessability of words? 2.What is the influence of these factors on receptive retention (after guessing and learning)? 3.What is the relationship between guessing and retention? (Are words which have been correctly guessed better retained than words which have not been correctly guessed?) The chief findings of the experiment are: l.A specific ('pregnant') filler of the slots 'subject', 'verb' and 'function' contributes to the guessability of a word in a particular sentential context. 2. A specific ('pregnant') filler of the slots mentioned in guessing and learning has no effect on the retention ('subject' and 'verb') or even a negative effect ('function'). 3.There is no positive correlation between guessing and retention (after guessing and learning; for some words there is even a negative correlation. To sum up: a 'pregnant' context does indeed induce better guessing, but subsequently it does not induce a better retention of the meaning involved, at least not if the guessing stage is followed by a learning stage using the same context as in guessing.

Binding of Tetrahymena dynein to axonemes of Marsilea vestita lacking the outer dynein arm

1985 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
J.S. Hyams
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Marsilea Vestita ◽  
Thin Section Electron Microscopy ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Axonemes from the heterosporous water fern Marsilea vestita were fixed in the presence of tannic acid and examined by thin-section electron microscopy. Transverse sections revealed the normal 9+2 configuration except for the absence of the outer of the two dynein arms. Both arms were normally preserved in parallel preparations of Chlamydomonas axonemes. Isolated dynein from the ciliated protozoon Tetrahymena bound to Marsilea axonemes at the site normally occupied by the outer arm. Dynein binding was partially reversed by ATP as judged by both electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This system should provide a valuable insight into the biochemistry and function of the inner dynein arm and the relationship of the two arms to motility in more conventionally equipped axonemes.

Review on Motivation of Second Language Learners in Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4229-4233
Author(s):  
Yi Xia
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Motivational Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This paper will provide insight into motivation through the lenses of learning style, interaction and feedback. If the relationship between motivation and three factors are well understood, then the learning of second foreign language can be facilitated in the classroom. Motivational strategies also will be presented after each lens. At the end of the paper, it concludes with the limitations of these researches and specific implications such as classroom environment for further teaching practice.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Mechanism of NO3- Selectivity in the Human Kidney Chloride Channel ClC-Ka and the CLC Protein Family

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Laura Lagostena ◽  
Giovanni Zifarelli ◽  
Alessandra Picollo
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Anion Selectivity ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

BackgroundThe mechanism of anion selectivity in the human kidney chloride channels ClC-Ka and ClC-Kb is unknown. However, it has been thought to be very similar to that of other channels and antiporters of the CLC protein family, and to rely on anions interacting with a conserved Ser residue (Sercen) at the center of three anion binding sites in the permeation pathway Scen. In both CLC channels and antiporters, mutations of Sercen alter the anion selectivity. Structurally, the side chain of Sercen of CLC channels and antiporters typically projects into the pore and coordinates the anion bound at Scen.MethodsTo investigate the role of several residues in anion selectivity of ClC-Ka, we created mutations that resulted in amino acid substitutions in these residues. We also used electrophysiologic techniques to assess the properties of the mutants.ResultsMutations in ClC-Ka that change Sercen to Gly, Pro, or Thr have only minor effects on anion selectivity, whereas the mutations in residues Y425A, F519A, and Y520A increase the NO3−/Cl− permeability ratio, with Y425A having a particularly strong effect.Conclusions ClC-Ka’s mechanism of anion selectivity is largely independent of Sercen, and it is therefore unique in the CLC protein family. We identified the residue Y425 in ClC-Ka—and the corresponding residue (A417) in the chloride channel ClC-0—as residues that contribute to NO3− discrimination in these channels. This work provides important and timely insight into the relationship between structure and function for the kidney chloride channels ClC-Ka and ClC-Kb, and for CLC proteins in general.

scholarly journals Stress, dyadic coping, and relationship satisfaction in late adolescent couples

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina J. Breitenstein ◽  
Anne Milek ◽  
Fridtjof W. Nussbeck ◽  
Joanne Davila ◽  
Guy Bodenmann
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Dyadic Coping ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

In adult couples, stress emerging outside the relationship (extra-dyadic stress) spills over into the relationship evoking conflict between the partners (intra-dyadic stress), which itself has a negative effect on relationship satisfaction over time. This detrimental effect of stress spillover can be buffered by adequate dyadic coping (DC) skills of both partners. The current study aimed at replicating these effects in a sample of 96 Swiss adult couples and 124 Swiss late adolescent (non-cohabitating) couples, who were in a serious relationship for at least 1 year. We examined (a) whether extra-dyadic stress is associated with intra-dyadic stress and relationship satisfaction and (b) whether the potential buffering effect of DC on these associations already exists in this important developmental phase. Contrary to the adult sample, for which indirect actor and partner effects were significant, we found a marginally significantly negative indirect actor effect of extra-dyadic stress on relationship satisfaction via intra-dyadic stress in late adolescents only for participants experiencing high extra-dyadic stress and low support from the partner. DC moderated the spillover between extra-dyadic and intra-dyadic stress for late adolescents. This study highlights the importance of investigating dyadic processes in romantic relationships in late adolescence to gain an insight into these relationships and the associated developmental processes.

scholarly journals Vois-tu le kem? Do you see the bos? Foreign word learning at 14-months

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea da Estrela ◽  
Krista Byers-Heinlein
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Old English ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Sentential Context ◽  
Foreign Word ◽  
Preferential Looking ◽  
Word Forms

How easily can infants regularly exposed to only one language begin to acquire a second one? In three experiments, we tested 14‐month‐old English and French monolingual infants’ ability to learn words presented in foreign language sentence frames. Infants were trained on two novel word‐object pairings and then tested using a preferential looking task. Word forms were phonetically and phonotactically legal in both languages, and cross‐spliced across conditions, so only the sentence frames established the word as native or foreign. In Experiment 1, infants were taught one native and one foreign word and successfully learned both. In Experiment 2 and 3, infants were taught two foreign words, but only showed successful learning of the first word they encountered. These results demonstrate that infants can successfully learn words embedded in foreign language sentences, but this is more challenging than native word learning. More broadly, they show that the sentential context of a novel word, and not just the word form itself, influences infants’ early word learning.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relationship Between Burnout and Job Satisfaction of Iranian EFL Teachers Working in Universities and Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Safari
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Job Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

A teacher plays an important role in the development of the students’ potential and helps to form their future. This research intends to study the degree of burnout and job satisfaction in English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers of universities and Schools in Iran, as well as their association with demographic characteristics. To measure teachers’ burnout, Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire was applied, which has also been validated by experienced teachers for the Iranian population and the Employee Satisfaction Inventory questionnaire, prepared for the Iranian population, was applied to estimate job satisfaction. Questionnaires were answered completely by 159 teachers, who work at universities and schools in Iran. After data analysis, the findings showed a negative correlation between teachers’ burnout and their job satisfaction; their experience relatively moderate burnout levels, and their job satisfaction level is high. The findings also represented that the type of workplace influences satisfaction regarding the factor “job conditions”. The study was for the first time that Iranian EFL teachers’ burnout and job satisfaction in universities and schools were investigated and the findings showed that by increasing the level of job satisfaction, the perceived burnout decreases, where burnout and job satisfaction presented medium to high negative correlation.

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and firms' innovation behavior: The negative mediating role of social capital

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1553-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Xiaohu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Innovation Behavior

In this study we examined the importance of entrepreneurs' internal and external social capital in the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and firms' innovation behavior. We analyzed the data from 193 entrepreneurs in China, and the results showed that ESE positively affected firms' innovation behavior, and the entrepreneur's internal social capital played a negative mediating role in the relationship between ESE and the firm's innovation behavior. The findings both empirically support propositions of previous researchers about the negative effect of social capital in the relationship between ESE and innovation, and offer deeper insight into this. Possible explanations for our findings and future direction are also discussed.

FROM RIVER WEEDS TO REGAL FABULOUS: ICONOGRAPHY AND SYMBOLISM OF A 12TH DYNASTY EGYPTIAN DIADEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-283
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Belief System ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
And Function ◽  
River Plants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Ancient Egyptian women’s headdresses in the form of circlets, fillets and diadems are intriguing in their complexity. In response to the increased need to indicate social status in a poorly literate dynastic society, these items of personal adornment became a powerful form of non-verbal communication. Garlands, originally made from handfuls of river plants, gradually developed into innovative and imaginatively powerful visual symbols when fashioned from metal and a variety of semi-precious stones. Botanical motifs symbolic of the Nile River and the duality of a unified Sema Tawy (Two Lands) were incorporated into magical and superstitious symbolism that encompassed social, political, religious, mythological and amuletic contexts. The headdresses that were worn were not purely ornamental but, it was believed, also provided apotropaic protection for the head. Flower motifs, material and colour played an important role in their belief system. The iconography and symbolism incorporated into a delicately crafted gold wire diadem excavated from Princess Khnumet’s 12th Dynasty (Middle Kingdom) tomb at Dashur (and currently housed in the Cairo Museum) will be systematically interpreted at primary and secondary levels in order to provide some insight into its owner. Given the relationship between form and function, a novel connection has been proposed between the iconography and symbolism, and the diadem’s use during an annual Nile inundation cultic festival.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Social Presence and Critical Thinking: Results from Learner Discourse in an Asynchronous Learning Environment

10.28945/3418 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 089-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Costley ◽  
Christopher Lange
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Asynchronous Learning ◽  
Asynchronous Learning Environment ◽  
National University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Understanding the relationship between social presence and critical thinking is useful for gaining insight into the interaction and discourse of learners online. Further study of how these two presences interact is important because research has shown a wide variety of relationships, both positive and negative, between social presence and critical thinking. The aim of this study is to investigate social presence and critical thinking using discourse analysis in the hope that it will deepen and broaden our understanding of the relationship between these important facets of learner discourse. Using quantitative analysis, an online forum used by students at a national university in Korea (n=219) was analyzed by taking 900 forum posts to determine the levels of social presence and critical thinking in each post. The relationships between social presence and critical thinking were analyzed and the results show that social presence and critical thinking have a negative correlation. This highlights the need for awareness of learner discourse, as an increase in social presence may lead to a decrease in critical thinking and vice versa. The likely cause of this is that learners tend not to change the discourse once the discourse within a particular context has been set.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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