Segmentatie Van Gesproken Nederlands En Chinees

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Dorina Veldhuis ◽  
Jinling Li ◽  
Jeanne Kurvers
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Linguistic Units

Words' are often regarded as the basic units of language. Previous studies into metalinguistic and metalexical development have shown, however, that people are only able to segment words from written language if words are salient linguistic units in writing in their mother-tongue. And even then the question can be asked whether it is indeed someone's mother-tongue which affects the ability to segment language into words, or whether literacy and experience with a specific writing system are more influential. In two experiments, we investigated this influence from literacy and knowledge of a specific writing system on children's word-awareness in Dutch. What is more, we also tested bilingual children's character(zi)-awareness in Chinese. By comparing the results from these experiments, we could conclude that there seems to be some 'graphic relativity', which makes that people segment languages according to the lines given in lay-outs of written texts that they can read and write.

scholarly journals The Present Status of Using Written Hmong Language in the Hmong Community in the Northwest Region of Vietnam - Case Study in Sơn La and Lai Châu Provinces

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Kien Nguyen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Hmong People ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Hmong Language

Writing system is an important part of a certain language. When a language has its own writing system and is widely used, it is apparent that the language will have a strong position and vitality. Hmong language is a mother tongue of Hmong people, an ethnic minority that are now residing in many parts all over the world and mainly in the northwest region (Tây Bắc) of Vietnam. Unlike many other languages which have only one writing system, Hmong has many different scripts that are being used at a time. Therefore, understanding how Hmong people use their written language is an intriguing topic to help demystify their language usage and furthermore, understand their spiritual life. From our practical fieldwork, in this paper we focus on the discussion of the current status of using written Hmong in its community in the northwest region of Vietnam.

scholarly journals Unexpected Reading Dissociation in a Brazilian “nisei” with Crossed Aphasia

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Caramelli ◽  
M. A. M. P. Parente ◽  
M. L. Hosogi ◽  
M. Bois ◽  
A. R. Lecours
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Crossed Aphasia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reading Impairments

There is an increased interest in reading impairments in the Japanese language, due to its particular writing system which includes two different scripts, Kanji (logograms) and Kana (phonograms). Reading dissociations between Kanji and Kana have been described, showing that each system is processed differently by the cerebral hemispheres. We describe the case of a 68 year old Brazilian “nisei” (i.e. born from Japanese parents) who had knowledge of both Japanese and Portuguese. He presented an ischemic stroke affecting the right hemisphere and subsequently developed a Broca's aphasia and an unexpected reading dissociation, with an impairment in Kana reading comprehension and a good performance in Kanji and in Portuguese. These findings suggest that the patient's right and left hemispheres have assumed opposite roles not only for oral but also for written language decodification.

scholarly journals Writing systems as modular objects: proposals for theory design in grapholinguistics

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Neef
Keyword(s):  
Solution Space ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pertinent Question ◽  
Typical Component ◽  
Notational System

AbstractThis paper gives an outline of the Modular Theory of Writing Systems by answering the question: what are the elements or modules that are necessary for a writing system to work? A writing system is a notational system for a natural language. Based on this characterization, it is obvious that a necessary component of a writing system is a specific language system. What eventually constitutes a writing system in addition to this language system is a device that, put simply, relates units of a language system to units of a script. This component is termed ‘graphematics’ in the present framework and is regarded as a necessary module of a writing system. Above that, another typical component of writing systems, namely ‘systematic orthography’, applies to the ‘graphematic solution space’ and restricts the spelling possibilities of specific words in accordance to their belonging to a specific level of the vocabulary of the language. Supplemented by reflections on the status of scripts as well as of IPA as a writing system, an answer is finally given to the pertinent question how spoken language and written language are related to each other. The answer is that this relation is of a considerably indirect nature.

scholarly journals Discourse Markers “A Corpus-Based Study of Written Texts by Iraqi ELPT Participants

لارك ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (41) ◽  
pp. 1258-1241
Author(s):  
Asst. Prof Mayada R.Eesa
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Theoretical Status ◽  
Language Proficiency Test ◽  
Basic Characteristics

During the past years, a large number of analyses has been done on what is called discourse markers , which are considered a class of linguistic expressions. Notably, various approaches have been taken, and unsurprisingly various results have been produced as to the theoretical status of discourse markers such as Potts, 2005 or even  Blakemore, 2002.     In spite of the fact that discourse markers are typically considered as one of the basic characteristics of oral discourse, nowadays it has been also found in written texts. Therefore, the current study introduces a kind of investigation to discourse markers in written language of Iraqi participants in English Language Proficiency Test , henceforth referred to as ELPT . Throughout this study , we ll see how discourse markers have the ability in improving the quality of writing in addition to increasing the conception of text. In current research , there is an attempt to measure the participants' knowledge about Discourse Markers. The aim of this study is to find out whether Iraqi ELPT participants use discourse markers in their writing and how they use them. To justify this aim, an analysis of essays written by ELPT participants was done .

scholarly journals Emergence of Writing Systems through Multi-Agent Cooperation (Student Abstract)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 13941-13942
Author(s):  
Shresth Verma ◽  
Joydip Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Two Agents ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Emergent Language

Learning to communicate is considered an essential task to develop a general AI. While recent literature in language evolution has studied emergent language through discrete or continuous message symbols, there has been little work in the emergence of writing systems in artificial agents. In this paper, we present a referential game setup with two agents, where the mode of communication is a written language system that emerges during the play. We show that the agents can learn to coordinate successfully using this mode of communication. Further, we study how the game rules affect the writing system taxonomy by proposing a consistency metric.

scholarly journals PECULIAR FEATURES OF THE KRYMCHAK DZHONK SCRIPT AND THE KRYMCHAK WRITTEN LANGUAGE TRADITION

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
O. O. TYSHCHENKO-MONASTYRSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Turkish Origin ◽  
Special Value ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Crimean Tatar

The subject of the present publication is to bring to the light some orthographic features of the Yosyf Gabai’s Krymchak manuscript, called jonk, from Crimean Ethnographic Museum (Simferopol). Fragments of the manuscript were first transcribed, translated into Russian and published by David Rebi, who was a teacher of Krymchak and native speaker. However, the jonk has never been edited before. A special value of this manuscript lies in its language (or even languages), as well as styles represented. The manuscript is multilingual, contains folklore texts (poetry and narrative) of the Crimean and Turkish origin, written in Hebrew script, diary notes both in Krymchak and Russian, prayers and religion texts in Hebrew partially translated into Turkic written in the early XX century in Feodosia. This research is dedicated to Turkic linguistic features and their orthography. Despite of using Hebrew script Krymchak writing system developed in close relation to pre-reform Crimean Tatar writing tradition, both variants in their turn connected to Ottoman and pre-Ottoman orthographic traditions. Several orthographic features point to that, for instance principles of writing some vowels, consonants ( in initial, central, final positions), grammatical and word-formation suffixes (connected or separate writing), morphonological change, ways of transcription and adopting loanwords. Language of Yosyf Gabai’s jonk reflects orthographic and colloquial features of Krymchak and shares them with other Crimean Turkic manuscripts of this period. Schematically marked suffixes, together with some archaic morphonological changes, graphically reflected in the text, such as disrupted vowel harmony, alternations in labial harmony, syncope, epenthesis, protheses, disrupted consonant change between morphemes characterize orthography of the Krymchak manuscript.

scholarly journals When the first language feels like a second language: Challenges for learners of Norwegian Nynorsk

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-164
Author(s):  
Jens Haugan
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Power Motivation

Norway has two official written language varieties: Bokmål (DanoNorwegian) and Nynorsk (New Norwegian). Normally, all Norwegian pupils must learn both varieties of the written Norwegian language in school, and at the end of secondary school, they obtain two separate grades in written Norwegian. However, one of the varieties is considered to be and is taught as the main written language, whereas the other variety is the second or alternative written language. Approximately 85 percent of the pupils in school have the DanoNorwegian variety as their main written language and many of these pupils develop antipathies toward the other variety with the result that they do not master it very well at the end of secondary school. In fact, many pupils achieve better results in English than in the alternative variety of their own so-called mother tongue. In this paper, I will discuss some of the challenges that are related to learning Nynorsk in the Norwegian educational system and society. With reference to Norton (2013) and others, I will argue that these challenges may actually be best understood from the perspectives of identity, social power, motivation, investment and second language acquisition.

scholarly journals Modification of Qualia Structures Using Relative Adjectives in Lithuanian, Russian and German

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Glushak ◽  
Vilma Kaladytė ◽  
Olga Gowin
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Constitutive Properties ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Qualia Structure

Relative adjectives are immediate nominal explicators (nouns) that play a key role in meaningful structures in the Russian, Lithuanian, and German languages. This article investigates the semantic representation of a noun in an attribute group with relative adjectives comparatively using the Qualia structure and its modifications. The most commonly used 150 relative adjectives in the electronic corpora of the Russian written language were selected for analysis. They are compared with Lithuanian and German examples. Relative adjectives are classified as quality structures and are considered to imply objective constitutive properties (matter and origin), formal attributes (physical parameters, colour, time, and place) and telic attributes. Other correlating linguistic units, namely, genitive constructs and composites, are also analysed describing the expected realizations of Qualia structures in the noun group.

scholarly journals The predictable evolution of letter shapes: An emergent script of West Africa recapitulates historical change in writing systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piers Kelly ◽  
James Winters ◽  
Helena Miton ◽  
Olivier Morin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Theory Point ◽  
Roman Letter ◽  
Iconic Representations ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Naturalistic Pictures ◽  
Over Time

A familiar story about the evolution of alphabets is that individual letters originated in iconic representations of real things. Over time, these naturalistic pictures became simplified into abstract forms. Thus the iconic ox’s head of Egyptian hieroglyphics transformed into the Phoenician and eventually the Roman letter A. In this vein, attempts to theorize the evolution of writing have tended to propose variations on a model of unilinear and unidirectional progression. According to this progressivist formula, pictorial scripts will tend to become more schematic while their systems will target smaller linguistic units. Objections to this theory point to absent, fragmentary or contrary paleographic evidence, especially for predicted transitions in the underlying grammatical systems of writing. However, the forms of individual signs, such as the letter A, are nonetheless observed to change incrementally over time. We claim that such changes are predictable and that scripts will, in fact, become visually simpler in the course of their use, a hypothesis regularly confirmed in transmission chain experiments that use graphic stimuli. To test the wider validity of this finding we turn to the Vai script of Liberia, a syllabic writing system invented in relative isolation by non-literates in ca. 1833. Unlike the earliest systems of the ancient world, Vai has the advantage of having been systematically documented from its earliest beginnings until the present day. Using established methods for quantifying visual complexity we find that the Vai script has become increasingly compressed over the first 171 years of its history, complementing earlier claims and partial evidence that similar processes were at work in early writing systems. As predicted, letters simplified to a greater extent when their initial complexity was higher.

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