Plant nutrition and nutrient formulation.

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-169
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Beneficial Elements

Abstract This chapter focuses on plant nutrition and nutrient formulation. Water quality and sources for hydroponic production, reclaimed water sources, water testing, water analysis reports, water treatment options, water usage and supply requirements, plant nutrition in hydroponic systems, essential elements and its function in plants and deficiency symptoms, beneficial elements, nutrient formulation, hydroponic nutrient formulation - nitrogen sources, common hydroponic fertilizers, fertilizer composition and grades, chelation of trace elements, foliar fertilizers, electrical conductivity, pH, conditions which affect nutrient uptake rates, automation and testing equipment, plant tissue analysis, fertilizer and environmental concerns, water and nutrient solution treatment methods, and surfactants are the topics discussed in this chapter.

Plant nutrition and nutrient formulation.

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-169
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Beneficial Elements

Abstract This chapter focuses on plant nutrition and nutrient formulation. Water quality and sources for hydroponic production, reclaimed water sources, water testing, water analysis reports, water treatment options, water usage and supply requirements, plant nutrition in hydroponic systems, essential elements and its function in plants and deficiency symptoms, beneficial elements, nutrient formulation, hydroponic nutrient formulation - nitrogen sources, common hydroponic fertilizers, fertilizer composition and grades, chelation of trace elements, foliar fertilizers, electrical conductivity, pH, conditions which affect nutrient uptake rates, automation and testing equipment, plant tissue analysis, fertilizer and environmental concerns, water and nutrient solution treatment methods, and surfactants are the topics discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals On the function of silica in the nutrition of cereals.―Part I

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (520) ◽  
pp. 455-477 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Mature Plant ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Original Seed ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Successive Generations

The presence of silica in plants was first demonstrated by the analyses of De Saussure, who pointed out that the Gramineæ were particularly distinguished by the large proportion of this constituent present in their ash. Liebig, who classified plants as “silica plants,” “lime plants,” and “potash plants” according to the predominance of one or other of these constituents in their ash, in accordance with his “mineral theory,” regarded the silica as a necessary element in plant nutrition. This view led Way to introduce as a cereal manure a rocky material derived from the Upper Greensand near Farnham, which contained a considerable proportion of silicate easily soluble in acids. But when Sachs succeeded in maturing maize plants in water cultures containing no silica, whereby the proportion of silica in the ash of the mature plant was reduced from the normal 20 per cent. or so to as little as 0·7 per cent., it became evident that silica could no longer be placed in the same category as phosphoric acid and potash as essential elements of plant nutrition, and Jodin raised four successive generations of maize in water cultures without any supply of silica beyond that contained in the original seed. Other investigators again showed that the stiffness of cereal straw, which had been attributed to the presence of silica, depends on the development of the internodes under the influence of such factors as illumination and exposure.

The overview of existing knowledge on medical cannabis plants growing  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Malík ◽  
Jiří Velechovský ◽  
Pavel Tlustoš
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Selection Of

The use of cannabis for medicinal purposes dates back well before the era of modern medicine, but in recent years research into the use of medical cannabis in the medical and pharmaceutical sciences has grown significantly. In European countries, most cannabis plants have been and still are grown for industrial purposes. For this reason, hemp cultivation technology is relatively well researched, while little is known about the key factors affecting cannabis cultivation for medical purposes. The active substances of cannabis plant targeted by this review are called phytocannabinoids. The biosynthesis of phytocannabinoids is relatively well understood, but the specific environmental factors that influence the type and number of phytocannabinoids have been much less studied. Indoor or greenhouse cultivation, which uses automated lighting, ventilation, irrigation systems and complex plant nutrition has become much more sophisticated and appears to be the most effective method for producing medical cannabis. There are many different cultivation systems for cannabis plants, but one of the essential elements of the process is an optimal plant nutrition and selection of fertilisers to achieve it. This review summarises the existing knowledge about phytocannabinoid biosynthesis and the conditions suitable for growing plants as sources of medical cannabis. This review also attempts to delineate how nutrient type and bioavailability influences the synthesis and accumulation of specific phytocannabinoids based on contemporary knowledge of the topic.  

scholarly journals ​Micronutrients: Role in Plants, their Spatial Deficiency and Management in Indian Soils: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Singh Jayara ◽  
Sharad Pandey ◽  
Rajeew Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Indian Soils

Soil fertility and plant nutrition, both are governed by criteria of essentiality (Arnon and Stout in 1939 and further modified by Arnon in 1954). Earlier there were 16 essential elements and now it is 17. Researchers, policymakers and farmers mostly concerned themselves for the primary nutrients i.e. NPK to manage the crops and it further aggravate the deficiency of micronutrients which is now major concern for all because it is affecting human and animal nutrition along with plants. This deficiency is concerns not only the plant nutrition but has far reaching implication in form of nutritional insecurity among the livestock and marginal section of population. Thus it is important to study the importance of the micronutrients to take care these challenges and the management of micronutrients in crop production is based on their spatial distribution. Therefore, an attempt has been made to summarize importance of micronutrients for crop production according to their spatial distribution in India.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Resistance to New Antibiotics in an Era of Limited Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal M. Morel ◽  
Marlieke E. A. de Kraker ◽  
Stephan Harbarth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
National Level ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Set Up

As with any health threat, our ability to respond to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance depends on our ability to understand the scale of the problem, magnitude, geographical spread, and trends over time. This is especially true for resistance emergence to newer antibiotics coming to the market as last-resort treatments. Yet current antibiotic surveillance systems are limited to monitoring resistance to commonly prescribed drugs that have been on the market for a long time. This qualitative study determined the essential elements and requirements of antimicrobial resistance surveillance for new antibiotics based on literature review, interviews and expert consensus. After an extensive mapping exercise, 10 experts participated in a modified Delphi consultation to identify consensus on all elements required for surveillance of resistance to novel antibiotics. The main findings indicate that there is a need for a two-phase system; an early alert system transitioning to routine surveillance, led by the public sector to gather and share essential data on resistance to newer antibiotics in a transparent manner. The system should be decentralized, run largely from national level, but be coordinated by an arm of an existing international public health institution. Priority should be given to monitoring emergence of resistance among already multi-drug resistant pathogens causing infections, over a broader selection of pathogens to maximize clinical impact. In conclusion, we cannot rely on current AMR surveillance systems to monitor resistance emergence to new antibiotics. A new, public system should be set-up, starting with a focus on detecting resistance emergence, but expanding to a more comprehensive surveillance as soon as there is regional spread of resistance to the new antibiotic. This article provides a framework based on expert agreement, which could guide future initiatives.

Nitrogen Fixation and the Utilization of Other Inorganic Nitrogen Sources in a Subarctic Lake

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2101-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera A. Billaud
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Tracer Methods ◽  
Subarctic Lake

A year-round limnological study of the biological utilization of molecular nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate in Smith Lake, a small subarctic lake in interior Alaska, showed that ammonia was consistently the most important nitrogen source. Of the two main algal production periods, the first took place under the ice in May, and depended on ammonia accumulated during the winter for a nitrogen source. The population at this time consisted largely of microflagellates. Chlamydomonas, Euglena, Chlorella, and Mellamonas were among the identified algae present. Immediately after the ice melted from the lake surface, a second population developed. These algae, consisting almost exclusively of Anabaena flos-aquae, used ammonia, nitrate, and molecular nitrogen simultaneously. During the remainder of the summer, uptake rates remained relatively low, with ammonia the most important nitrogen source; during the fall, nitrate uptake briefly approached the magnitude of ammonia uptake. 15N tracer methods were used to measure the uptake rates in this work.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization with swine slurry injection and use of nitrification inhibitor

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo Rauber ◽  
Andréia Patrícia Andrade ◽  
Walter Santos Borges Júnior ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
Ariane Andreola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The injection of nitrogen sources into the soil and use of nitrification inhibitor can improve the efficiency of applied nitrogen and minimize losses to the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swine slurry (SS) and urea in two modes of application in the soil (injected and surface), and the use of nitrification inhibitor on NH3 volatilization in a controlled environment, upon varying soil texture and soil pH conditions. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, or a Rhodic Kandiudox and Typic Hapludult soil in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with three replications. The study evaluated four fertilizers (urea, SS, SS +nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide-DCD) and control), two pH conditions (natural and limed) and two forms of fertilizer application (injected and surface), and two soils. The SS rate used was 21 m3 ha-1, and the rate of the inhibitor was 10 kg ha-1. The evaluations consisted in daily accumulated ammonia volatilization up to 14 days, and the percentage of soil nitrogen loss. The injection of fertilizers reduced emissions of ammonia in both soils and, limed soil had higher N losses by volatilization. The inhibitor did not increase the emission of ammonia in both soils.

scholarly journals What is a plant nutrient? Changing definitions to advance science and innovation in plant nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Brown ◽  
Fang-Jie Zhao ◽  
Achim Dobermann
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractCurrent definitions of essential or beneficial elements for plant growth rely on narrowly defined criteria that do not fully represent a new vision for plant nutrition and compromise fertilizer regulation and practice. A new definition of what is a plant nutrient that is founded in science and relevant in practice has the potential to revitalize innovation and discovery. A proposed new definition might read: A mineral plant nutrient is an element which is needed for plant growth and development or for the quality attributes of the harvested product, of a given plant species, grown in its natural or cultivated environment. It includes elements currently identified as essential, elements for which a clear plant metabolic function has been identified, as well as elements that have demonstrated clear benefits to plant productivity, crop quality, resource use efficiency, stress tolerance or pest and disease resistance. We propose an open scientific debate to refine and implement this updated definition of plant nutrients. Other outcomes of this debate could be a more precise definition of the experimental evidence required to classify an element as a plant nutrient, and an independent scientific body to regularly review the list of essential and beneficial nutrients. The debate could also attempt to refine the definition of plant nutrients to better align with nutrients deemed essential for animal and human nutrition, thus following a more holistic ’one nutrition‘ concept.

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