Holistic diagnosis and Cannabis microbiome.

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-286
Author(s):  
Shou-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Disease Initiation ◽  
Disease Complexes

Abstract The concept of holistic diagnosis used in this chapter has three layers of meaning. First, a plant is a system and all parts of the system should be viewed as a whole. Diagnosis should be based on an entire plant instead of on a single piece of plant material. Secondly, the approach of 'all things considered' should be practised when finding pests, pathogens, or factors that contribute to an observed plant problem. This approach considers the diagnosis process to be an investigation instead of a specific test for a single pathogen. Thirdly, all factors found in a disease are related and each of them may have a unique role in disease initiation and progression. Cannabis pest and disease complex holistic diagnosis, including disease complexes involving nematodes and soilborne pathogens are described, as well as microbiota and microbiome (including epiphytes and endophytes) and their benefits and drawbacks.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF PARPATAKA AN AYURVEDIC DRUG WITH RESPECT TO FUMARIA INDICA

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
B. JYOTHI ◽  
GOLI PENCHALA PRATAP ◽  
MOHD KASHIF HUSAIN ◽  
MUNAWWAR HUSSAIN KAZMI ◽  
G. P. PRASAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Contemporary Study ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles ◽  
Scientific Validation

Objective: Fumaria indica is an essential curative herb and asserted as a prevalent weed across the plains of India. The entire plant is popularly employed in conventional systems of medicine for its therapeutic activities like anthelmintic, diuretic, diaphoretic, laxative, purging and stomachic. The entire plant is regarded to have therapeutical purposes in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine and is employed in the preparation of important Ayurvedic formulation Parpataka. In Unani systems of medicine, it is used as shahtara. This contemporary study is intended to authenticate and validate the species Fumaria indica with respect to Parpataka drug. Methods: The chief objective of this contemporary research work is to assess the various pharmacognostic properties like Macroscopical, Microscopical, Physiochemical and Fluorescence studies. Microscopical studies include cell structure and their arrangement, Physicochemical parameter s include loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, water-insoluble ash, various extractive values etc. Qualitative tests for various functional groups were also carried out. Results: The microscopical characters of leaf, stem and roots, physicochemical, preliminary phytochemical profiles were established. Conclusion: The pharmacognostical screening on Fumaria indica is significant data for the identification and to determine the quality and purity of the plant material in future reviews.

scholarly journals Determining the Soilborne Pathogens Associated with Root Rot Disease Complex of Dry Bean in Michigan

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette L. Jacobs ◽  
James D. Kelly ◽  
Evan M. Wright ◽  
Gregory Varner ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Rot Disease

In Michigan, yield reduction as a result of diminished plant vigor owing to root rot is a major constraint associated with dry bean production and is exacerbated when fields have a history of short crop rotations. Replanting can be necessary when flooding, poor seed germination, or cool soil temperatures result in poor plant establishment, which may be compounded by increased disease pressure. To identify which soilborne pathogens are associated with root rot disease complex on dry bean and to determine their prevalence, a survey was conducted from 2014 to 2018. Dry beans with root rot symptoms were obtained from 39 field locations in 10 counties in Michigan. Rotted roots were washed, potential pathogens were cultured, and isolates were putatively identified into the major pathogen groups based on morphology. Additional identification was conducted with sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA for oomycetes and Rhizoctonia and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene for Fusarium isolates. Among the 1,034 isolates obtained, Fusarium (54%) was recovered at the highest prevalence, and oomycetes and Rhizoctonia exhibited a consistent presence, ranging across years from 11 to 30.2% and from 9.3 to 41.8%, respectively. This survey provided baseline information on the prevalence of critical soilborne pathogens of dry bean in Michigan. In the future, additional genetic markers will be utilized to further identify organisms, a species characterization will be conducted to assess pathogenicity and virulence, and dry bean germplasm will be screened for resistance.

Vegetable Seedling Diseases Associated with Earthworm Castings Contaminated with Phytophthora capsici and Pythium Attrantheridium

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Debbie Roos ◽  
Shawn Buttler ◽  
Brantlee Richter ◽  
Frank J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vegetable Seedlings

Earthworms and worm castings have been recommended for their beneficial effects in increasing yields and suppressing soilborne diseases. However, in a few cases, earthworm castings have been shown to harbor soilborne pathogens. The research documents that earthworm castings used as an amendment in soilless potting mixes at several organic farms in North Carolina were contaminated with Phytophthora capsici and several Pythium species. Phytophthora capsici and P. attrantheridium were subsequently isolated from rotted roots of vegetable seedlings grown in the potting mix. Commercial producers of earthworm castings should only use clean plant material to maintain earthworms and earthworm castings should be ascertained as pathogen-free before incorporation into plant growth media. Accepted for publication 30 January 2012. Published 21 April 2012.

Preparation of Electron Transparent Metal-Matrix Composites

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
A. Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Numerous phenomenological descriptions of the mechanical behavior of composite materials have been developed. There is now an urgent need to study and interpret deformation behavior, load transfer, and strain distribution, in terms of micromechanisms at the atomic level. One approach is to characterize dislocation substructure resulting from specific test conditions by the various techniques of transmission electron microscopy. The present paper describes a technique for the preparation of electron transparent composites of aluminum-stainless steel, such that examination of the matrix-fiber (wire), or interfacial region is possible. Dislocation substructures are currently under examination following tensile, compressive, and creep loading. The technique complements and extends the one other study in this area by Hancock.The composite examined was hot-pressed (argon atmosphere) 99.99% aluminum reinforced with 15% volume fraction stainless steel wire (0.006″ dia.).Foils were prepared so that the stainless steel wires run longitudinally in the plane of the specimen i.e. the electron beam is perpendicular to the axes of the wires. The initial step involves cutting slices ∼0.040″ in thickness on a diamond slitting wheel.

Some Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants (Ozone and Peroxyacetyl Nitrate) on the Ultrastructure of Leaf Tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
William W. Thomson ◽  
Elizabeth S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Peroxyacetyl Nitrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Individual

The oxidant air pollutants, ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate, are produced in the atmosphere through the interaction of light with nitrogen oxides and gaseous hydrocarbons. These oxidants are phytotoxicants and are known to deleteriously affect plant growth, physiology, and biochemistry. In many instances they induce changes which lead to the death of cells, tissues, organs, and frequently the entire plant. The most obvious damage and biochemical changes are generally observed with leaves.Electron microscopic examination of leaves from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and cotton (Gossipyum hirsutum L.) fumigated for .5 to 2 hours with 0.3 -1 ppm of the individual oxidants revealed that changes in the ultrastructure of the cells occurred in a sequential fashion with time following the fumigation period. Although occasional cells showed severe damage immediately after fumigation, the most obvious change was an enhanced clarity of the cell membranes.

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

Emotional Variability Predicts Tiredness in Daily Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aire Mill ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Experience Sampling Method ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Intraindividual variability, along with the more frequently studied between-person variability, has been argued to be one of the basic building blocks of emotional experience. The aim of the current study is to examine whether intraindividual variability in affect predicts tiredness in daily life. Intraindividual variability in affect was studied with the experience sampling method in a group of 110 participants (aged between 19 and 84 years) during 14 consecutive days on seven randomly determined occasions per day. The results suggest that affect variability is a stable construct over time and situations. Our findings also demonstrate that intraindividual variability in affect has a unique role in predicting increased levels of tiredness at the momentary level as well at the level of individuals.

On the Robustness of Solution Strategy Classifications

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Contreras ◽  
Víctor J. Rubio ◽  
Daniel Peña ◽  
José Santacreu
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Solution Strategy ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Strategy Changes ◽  
Over Time

Individual differences in performance when solving spatial tasks can be partly explained by differences in the strategies used. Two main difficulties arise when studying such strategies: the identification of the strategy itself and the stability of the strategy over time. In the present study strategies were separated into three categories: segmented (analytic), holistic-feedback dependent, and holistic-planned, according to the procedure described by Peña, Contreras, Shih, and Santacreu (2008) . A group of individuals were evaluated twice on a 1-year test-retest basis. During the 1-year interval between tests, the participants were not able to prepare for the specific test used in this study or similar ones. It was found that 60% of the individuals kept the same strategy throughout the tests. When strategy changes did occur, they were usually due to a better strategy. These results prove the robustness of using strategy-based procedures for studying individual differences in spatial tasks.

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