Shrimp-mangrove integrated farming system in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Hai Tran
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
System P ◽  
Blood Cockle ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Abstract The integrated shrimp-mangrove system is one of the most important farming systems in the Mekong Delta, especially in the buffer zone of Ca Mau province, Vietnam. According to Decision No. 116/1999/QD-TTg of the Vietnam Central Government, farms could use up to 40% of the total area of the buffer zone along the coast for aquaculture, with 60% reserved for mangrove plantation and environmental protection. Currently the mangrove-shrimp farming system in Ca Mau occupies a total area of 47,500 ha, of which ponds (ditches) cover about 19,000 ha. Shrimp culture is based mainly on improved extensive methods that give productivities in the range of 200-400 kg ha-1 yr-1. In addition to shrimps, several other species such as mud crab, fish, and blood cockle are also stocked to diversify aquaculture production and ensure regular incomes. With newly issued policies and regulations for shrimp-mangrove farming systems, new opportunities are being created for further improvement and development of the system.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Typha orientalis and Scirpus littoralis in Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp Wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Ngo Thuy Diem Trang ◽  
Lam Thi Nhu Mo ◽  
Vo Chi Linh ◽  
Hans Brix
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
Typha Orientalis ◽  
Whiteleg Shrimp

The rapid development of whiteleg shrimp farming in the Mekong delta of Vietnam has an adverse impact on the environment due to large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus content in wastewater and pond sludge/sediment. Phytoremediation is a promising technique to use plant for mitigating environmental impacts from intensively whiteleg shrimp culture. Growth responses, nitrogen and phosphorus removal of Typha orientalis and Scirpus littoralis were assessed at three water levels of +15 cm, +30 cm and +45 cm. They were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The plants were supplied wastewater from intensive whiteleg shrimp tanks once every two weeks. Waterlogged assessment was conducted for 71 days. Water levels significantly affected plant growth rate and nutrient removal capacity. S. littoralis grew well with a lower mortality rate and had no statistical reduction of biomass compared to T. orientalis at the highest water level of +45 cm. T. orientalis had the best perfromance in growth and biomass responses to waterlogged at water levels of +15 cm and +30 cm. The results indicated that S. littoralis was the best of choice to grow in waterlogged condition of the shrimp pond for maintaining water quality.

scholarly journals Analisis Sistem Budidaya untuk Mendukung Kebijakan Keberlanjutan Produksi Udang

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Wartono Hadie ◽  
Lies Emmawati Hadie
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Healthy Environment

Volume ekspor udang Indonesia masih tergolong fluktuatif, namun komoditas udang tetap menjadi salah satu komoditas andalan ekspor perikanan Indonesia yang meliputi 40% hasil ekspor perikanan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk menggambarkan status keberlanjutan sistem budidaya udang dan merumuskan opsi rekomendasi kebijakannya. Analisis secara deskriptif dan analisis ordinasi Rap-SISDITA yang berbasis metode dimensional scalling digunakan untuk mengevaluasi keberlanjutan beberapa sistem budidaya udang vaname yang berkembang di masyarakat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Dalam mendukung Inpres Nomor 7 tahun 2016 tentang percepatan industrialisasi perikanan, maka sub sektor budidaya perlu mengimplementasikan hasil penelitian untuk mendukung keberlanjutan produksi udang vaname. Dimensi yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kebijakan pemerintah, teknologi budidaya, dan nilai ekonomi; 2). Membentuk program budidaya udang vaname berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Hal itu bisa dicapai melalui regulasi dengan penerapan model teknologi budidaya udang vaname yang ideal, berbasis lingkungan yang sehat, teknologi tepat guna, dan berorientasi pasar. Kebijakan pemerintah perlu berfokus pada pemberdayaan petambak pada berbagai sistem budidaya dengan dimensi pendukungnya yang tepat. Regulasi ini dapat ditetapkan oleh pihak Pemerintah beserta Pemerintah Daerah; 3). Pemanfaatan sentra budidaya udang vaname secara terintegrasi melalui diseminasi teknologi yang menjangkau daerah-daerah yang berpotensi untuk budidaya udang vaname dan melalui multimedia yang lebih luas; 4). Pemerintah Pusat menugaskan lembaga penelitian, perguruan tinggi, penyuluh perikanan, produsen benih, pengusaha pakan, dan kelompok pembudidaya untuk mengambil langkah persiapan hingga pelaksanaan program.  Indonesian shrimp export volume is fluctuating, yet the shrimp commodities remains main commodity of Indonesian export which covers 40% of export proceeds fishery. This research aims to to describe the sustainability status of shrimp aquaculture system and to formulate management options. A descriptive analysis and Rap-SISDITA ordination analysis based on dimensional scaling method were used to evaluate the sustainability of vaname shrimp farming systems. The results show that: 1). In support of Presidential Instruction No. 7 in 2016 on the acceleration of the industrialization of fisheries, aquaculture sub-sector, research urgently needed to support the sustainability of vaname shrimp production. A public policy should focus on aquaculture technology, and economic value; 2). A program of shrimp farming should be built in a sustainable and ecofriendly. This can be achieved through applying regulation with ideal technology for vaname shrimp farming, based on a healthy environment, appropriate technology, and market-oriented. A public policy should focus on empowering farmers on various farming systems with the exact dimensions. This regulation can be determined by the Central Government and Local Government; 3). Optimizing the vaname shrimp farming centers are integrated through the dissemination of technologies that reach potential areas for vaname shrimp cultivation through effective communication media; 4). A Central Government should asked research institutes, universities, fisheries extension institutions, seed producers, feed businesses, and farmer groups to arrange doable action plan to implement the program.

scholarly journals Situation Analysis of Ticks and Seroprevalence of Theileria Parva in Two Farming Systems in Two Districts of Uganda.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Kwesiga ◽  
Joseph Okello-Onen ◽  
Simon Ogwal Byenek ◽  
William Otim-Nape
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Theileria Parva ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
Percentage Positivity ◽  
System P ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: In Uganda, livestock supports the livelihoods of poor people, fulfilling multiple-economic, social, and risk management functions. However, its productivity is constrained by ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs), more importantly, East Cost Fever (ECF) whose epidemiology is not well known and understood in the cattle corridor. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in pastoral and mixed crop-livestock farming systems in Nakaseke and Nakasongola districts to understand the; local composition of ticks, the prevalence of Theileria parva and management of ECF and ticks. A structured closed-ended questionnaire was administered in (189) pastoral and (197) mixed-crop livestock households which were randomly selected, and a total of 384 calves were sampled. The tick challenge was assessed in situ on one side of the animal body considering different predilection sites. The prevalence of ECF was assessed by collecting whole blood in Ethylene Diamine Tetra acetic Acid (EDTA) tubes following veni-puncture. Thin and thick blood smears were made and serum samples were collected for determination of seroprevalence of ECF, using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results/Discussion: From a sample of 384 cattle surveyed, 316 (82.3%) were found to be infested with ticks of different species at their preferential predilection sites. Rhipicephalus. appendiculatus was the most abundant tick species (88.2%), followed by Ambryomma. variegatum (7.5%) and lastly Rhipicephalus. evertsi evertsi (4.3%). 80.7% of respondents believe that there was a tick infestation problem severe and ticks were managed on regular basis mainly by using acaricides (65.3%). In the pastoral farming system, no ticks were found on calves below 6 months old. The seroprevalence of T. parva was below 20% percentage positivity (pp)in calves below 4 months old, thereafter rising to 65% at 5 months, and then dropping to 20% from the age of 6 to 9 months. In mixed crop-livestock farming system, all age groups of cattle were exposed to tick challenge. The prevalence of T. parva increased from 1-month old calf reaching a peak in 2-3 months old calves but drastically dropped in calves 4 months old. Thereafter, it gradually built up to 70% in animals 7 months old. There was a moderate correlation between the mean number of R. appendiculatus ticks and seroprevalence of T. parva (r =0.47) and there was no significant difference between age category and percentage positivity of T. parva (p = 0.969). However, there was a relationship between mean number of ticks and farming system (p = 0.019) as well as percentage positivity of T. parva and farming system (p = 0.007)Conclusion: ECF was prevalent in the two farming systems albeit frequent application of acaricides on animals as reported by most of the respondents. Further longitudinal studies required to assess seasonal variations of TTBDs, prevalence of other tick-borne diseases and acaricide resistance status.

scholarly journals The vulnerability of shrimp farming income to climate change events

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Van Quach ◽  
Frank Murray ◽  
Angus Morrison-Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
Change Events

Purpose This paper aims to investigate shrimp income losses of farmers in the four farming systems in the research areas of Ca Mau, Vietnam, and determine the vulnerability of shrimp farming income to climate change events. Design/methodology/approach Field research interviews were conducted with 100 randomly selected households across the four farming systems to access shrimp income status and vulnerability levels to climate change events. Four focus groups, each aligned to a particular farming system, were surveyed to categorise likelihood and consequences of climate change effects based on a risk matrix worksheet to derive levels of risk, adaptive capacity and vulnerability levels. Findings Shrimp farmers in the study areas have been facing shrimp income reduction recently and shrimp farming income is vulnerable to climate change events. There are some differences between farmers’ perspectives on vulnerability levels, but some linkages are evident among shrimp farmer characteristics, ramifications for each farming system, shrimp income losses and shrimp farmers’ perspectives on vulnerability levels of shrimp incomes. From an income perspective, farmers operating in intensive shrimp farming systems appear to be less vulnerable to existing and expected climate change effects relative to those in mixed production or lower density systems. Originality/value Having identified the vulnerability level of shrimp farming income to climate change events in different farming systems based on shrimp farmers’ perspectives, the paper adds new knowledge to existing research on vulnerability of the aquaculture sector to climate change. The research findings have implications for policymakers who may choose to encourage intensive shrimp farming to enhance shrimp farmer resilience to the effects of climate change as well as improving cultivation techniques for shrimp farmers. The findings could thus guide local government decision-making on climate change responses and residents of Ca Mau as well as within the wider Mekong Delta in developing suitable practical adaption measures.

scholarly journals Effect of Mangrove Cover on Shrimp Yield in Integrated Mangrove-Shrimp Farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
THAI THANH TRAN ◽  
NGUYEN THO ◽  
NGUYEN THI MY YEN ◽  
NGO XUAN QUANG ◽  
NGUYEN THI PHUONG THAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Black Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Penaeus Indicus ◽  
De Man

In recent decades, mangroves have been seriously devastated by shrimp farming development in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. As a result, integrated mangrove-shrimp farming has emerged as a potential solution to culture shrimps and protect mangroves. The present study aims to understand whether mangrove-to-pond cover ratios influence shrimp yields in an integrated mangrove-shrimp farming system. Five integrated mangrove-shrimp ponds in the Tam Giang Commune, Nam Can District, Ca Mau Province (Southern Vietnam) were chosen for this study. The study estimated that the mangrove-to-pond cover ratios ranged from 42.00 % to 72.50 %. The total shrimp yield per year (kg.ha-1 yr-1 ) was generally high, ranging from 76.62 to 249.09 (including 37.93 to 108.64 for the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798), and 38.69 to 140.45 for other shrimps, namely Penaeus indicus Milne Edwards, 1837, Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888, Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan, 1844), and Metapenaeus lysianassa (de Man, 1888)). Moreover, a strong positive correlation between the mangrove-to-pond cover ratios and the shrimp yields were observed (r > 0.71, P < 0.05). In conclusion the mangrove-to-pond cover ratios have a direct impact on the total shrimp yield. The mangrove-to-pond cover ratios should be 50 % to enhance shrimp yields in this system.

scholarly journals Sustainability of the rice-shrimp farming system in Mekong Delta, Vietnam: a climate adaptive model

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huy Duc Dang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Integrated Agriculture

PurposeAgricultural systems in Mekong Delta have transformed to cope with climate change. Various researches pointed out that integrated agriculture-aquaculture (IAA) farming systems (i.e., rice-shrimp, rice-fish…) emerged as potential climate adaptive practices. However, limited studies are attempting to assess the sustainability of these agricultural practices. Therefore, it is essential to assess whether or not these systems will be sustainable in the context of climate change and what can be done to make it sustainable. The present study conducted the sustainability assessment of the rice-shrimp system to identify potential areas for improvement as well as policy implication to increase resilience and adaptation of coastal IAA system which could contribute to the understanding of other coastal agricultural deltas around the globe.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a quantitative approach including the assessment protocol of van Asselt et al. (2014), the assessment framework of Vanloon et al. (2005), and the MCA methodology to flexibly and holistically assess the sustainability level of agricultural systems.FindingsResults concluded that rice-shrimp systems have the potential to improve livelihood, food security, and adaptation of coastal farmers. Major improvements should be considered for productivity, efficiency, and equity themes, while minor improvements can be made for stability, durability, and compatibility themes.Originality/valueThis research could be used as a guideline for sustainability assessment in a context-specific case study of IAA, which showed a potential for the application of other climate-smart IAAs in similar contexts around the globe.

Shrimp farming systems in Hai Phong, Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Huy Giap
Keyword(s):  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Black Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Tiger Shrimp

Abstract Hai Phong province is one of the main shrimp culture areas in north Vietnam. Its climate is influenced by two monsoon regimes. The April-September southwest monsoon is wet and hot, and the temperature is suitable for shrimp culture. The October-March northeast monsoon is dry and cold, and the temperature is not suitable for shrimp culture. Different shrimp farming systems take place along the entire coast depending on socio-economic and climatic conditions, seed availability, and farming methods to minimize the operating risk. The main cultured species in Hai Phong is black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. The shrimp are either cultured in monoculture or integrated or cultured alternatively with mud crab (Scylla serrata), greasyback shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis)and seaweeds (Gracilaria gracilis and G. blodgettii). The main crop of black tiger shrimp is from April to September, when about 15% of farms practice integrated shrimp-seaweed culture and 85% of farms practice shrimp monoculture. Additional crops of shrimp or mud crabs are cultured during other months from September to March, while seaweed production is integrated with shrimp or crabs all year. Thus, four main shrimp farming systems can be found in Hai Phong: Single-crop shrimp farming, double-crop shrimp farming, shrimp-crab rotation farming, and integrated shrimp-seaweed-crab farming.

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