scholarly journals Relations between plasma non-esterified fatty acid metabolism and body fat mobilization in primiparous lactating goats

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
A. W. Bell ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Lactating Goats

During early lactation ruminants can mobilize considerable amounts of body fat to maintain milk production. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of tritiated water (TOH) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) kinetics as means of monitoring adipose tissue fat mobilization in lactating goats. Body fat, as estimated by a two-pool model of TOH kinetics, and NEFA entry rate were measured in four primiparous goats at days 11, 37 and 72 post partum. Estimated body fat decreased by an average of 64 g/d between days 11 and 37 of lactation, tending to increase between days 37 and 72. Plasma NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate decreased as lactation advanced, being significantly lower at day 72 than at day 11 of lactation. Both plasma concentrations of NEFA and NEFA entry rate were negatively correlated with calculated energy balance. Plasma NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate at days 11 and 37 of lactation were positively related to average body fat losses over the subsequent stage of lactation. These results demonstrate that NEFA kinetics reflect fat mobilization in primiparous lactating goats, particularly during negative energy balance.

scholarly journals Relations between plasma non-esterified fatty acid metabolism and body tissue mobilization during chronic undernutrition in goats

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
A. W. Bell ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Chronic Undernutrition ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Water Space

1. Eleven mature goats were offered 140 kJ metabolizable energy/kg per d (M) of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay-oaten grain (1:1, w/w) for at least 1 month before plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) kinetics and tritiated water space (TS) were determined.2. Goats were then fed at M, 0.5 M or 0.25 M for 34 (se 6) d, at which time the experimental procedures were repeated.3. Chronic undernutrition resulted in elevated NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate, with a tendency for the ratio plasma NEFA:glycerol to increase, suggesting that body-fat mobilization during prolonged underfeeding is due more to decreased lipogenesis and intracellular NEFA re-esterification rather than to increased lipolysis.4. Plasma NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate, as well as being highly correlated with each other, were significantly related to calculated energy balance and body fat losses estimated from changes in live weight and TS.5. Increases in NEFA entry rate were highly correlated with, and of the same magnitude as, body fat losses, confirming that NEFA kinetics do quantitatively reflect lipid mobilization.

scholarly journals Non-esterified fatty acid and glycerol kinetics and fatty acid re-esterification in goats during early lactation

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
A. W. Bell ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Calculated Energy ◽  
Lactating Goats

Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glycerol kinetics were studied in lactating goats to gain insight into the mechanisms by which animals in early lactation can initially mobilize and later replenish body fat reserves. Kinetic measurements were made at days 10, 38 and 76 post-partum in ten multiparous lactating does. Plasma NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate decreased as lactation advanced, being significantly higher at day 10 than at either days 38 or 76 of lactation. Both plasma NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate were negatively correlated with calculated energy balance. In contrast, glycerol entry rate was significantly higher at day 76 than at day 10 of lactation and was positively related to both calculated energy intake and energy balance. Apparent intracellular fatty acid re-esterification was lower at day 10 than at later stages of lactation and was positively related to calculated energy balance. It is suggested that during early lactation, substantial shifts in adipose tissue fat reserves can occur via altering rates of fatty acid re-esterification and de novo lipogenesis, without major changes in the rate of lipolysis.

scholarly journals Body composition changes in goats during early lactation estimated using a two-pool model of tritiated water kinetics

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
A. W. Bell ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Calculated Energy ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Pool Model

A two-pool model of tritiated water kinetics was used to estimate the major body water pools, and hence body composition, in goats at days 10, 38 and 76 of lactation. Between days 10 and 38 of lactation goats were, on average, in negative calculated energy balance and were estimated to have mobilized 59 g body fat stores/d. Mean calculated energy balance over days 38–76 of lactation was slightly positive and there was little change in estimated body fat. Gut fill increased over the early part of lactation when goats were mobilizing body fat. Consequently, live weight did not differ at any stage of lactation and did not provide a good index of body fat status of the goats. There were also no significant differences in empty-body-weight, water, protein, ash or fat-free mass at the three stages of lactation. As average calculated energy balance and changes in energy stored as fat were highly correlated, it is concluded that the two-pool model of tritiated water kinetics is a useful means of serially estimating changes in body fat content in unfasted lactating goats.

scholarly journals Fat mobilization in Pietrain and Large White pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
N. G. Gregory ◽  
G. M. Hall ◽  
D. Lister
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Large White ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Norepinephrine Infusion

1. Two experiments were done with Pietrain and Large White pigs (about 50 kg body-weight) to determine whether fat mobilization is enhanced in the stress-sensitive Pietrains (which also produce pale, soft, exudative (PSE) meat).2. In Expt 1, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and composition were measured in five Pietrains and five Large Whites after feeding, during an infusion of norepinephrine (2.5 μg/kg body-weight per min), 16 and 21 h after the withdrawal of food and following insulin administration (0.3 IU/kg body-weight). The entry rate of oleic acid was measured 4 h after feeding. Body composition and longissimus dorsi pH measurements were made on killing the pigs 4 d after the experiment.3. After feeding, the Pietrains tended to have lower concentrations of glucose and insulin in plasma compared with the Large Whites, and higher concentrations of FFA. The Pietrains also had a faster entry rate of oleic acid into body tissues. In fasting (16 h) these differences in hormone and metabolite concentrations were also present and relationships between them and body development could be detected. Pietrains had higher concentrations of FFA and lower concentrations of insulin than Large Whites at a particular stage of the development of fat and muscle (subcutaneous fat weight÷longissimus muscle weight).4. The fatty acid composition of FFA resembled that of the backfat triglycerides in fasting and during norepinephrine infusion but not in the fed state. In particular the proportion of fatty acid 18:1 was low in the fed pigs and that of 18:2 was high. The contrast in FFA composition between the fed and stimulated state was greater in the Large Whites.5. The Pietrains were less sensitive to the antilipolytic action of insulin. Glucose and FFA concentrations were similar in both breeds during the norepinephrine infusion although insulin concentrations were increased to a larger extent in the Large Whites at the termination of the infusion.6. In Expt 2, anaesthetized Pietrain and Large White pigs were given constant infusions of norepinephrine alone (2.5 μg/kg body-weight per min) and norepinephrine+propranolol (2 and 10 μg/kg body-weight per min) or phentolamine (2 and 10 μg/kg body-weight per min). The aim was to determine whether the breeds differed in their sensitivity to norepinephrine when conscious responses to the hormone were prevented.7. When norepinephrine alone was infused, fat mobilization was greater in the Pietrain pigs and glucose concentrations were greater in the Large Whites. Propranolol markedly reduced the lipolytic action of norepinephrine, particularly in the Pietrain pigs studied, and phentolamine reduced its glycogenolytic action, particularly in the Large White pig.8. It seems that the leanness of stress-sensitive, PSE-susceptible Pietrain pigs may be due to an enhanced fat mobilization under various conditions, associated with an impairment in insulin metabolism and a greater sensitivity to the β-adrenergic action of catecholamines on body fat stores.

Body fat mobilization during lactation in high-producing sows fed varied omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Eastwood ◽  
Pascal Leterme ◽  
A. Denise Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Omega 6

The effects of reducing dietary omega (n)-6 to n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratios on body fat mobilization in lactating sows (n = 100) were investigated. Treatments consisted of a control (tallow, low polyunsaturated FA, 8:1 n-6:n-3 ratio), 3 diets with plant oil based ratios (9:1P, 5:1P, and 1:1P), and a 5:1 fish oil diet (5:1F). An epinephrine [1.6 μg kg−1 body weight (BW)] challenge was used to measure adipose tissue lipolytic activity (glycerol, NEFA, and leptin) on d 5 of lactation from a subset of sows (9:1P and 1:1P groups) fitted with jugular catheters. Lactation feed intake was greatest for control and 5:1P-fed sows (8.3 kg d−1), lowest for 1:1P-fed sows (7.4 kg d−1), and intermediate for 9:1P- and 5:1F-fed sows (7.7 kg d−1; P = 0.047). Piglet average daily gain (ADG) and estimated milk output were unaffected by diet (P > 0.10). The 1:1P-fed sows had (P < 0.10) greater backfat thickness, increased circulating leptin, and reduced feed intake, which are correlated (P < 0.10) with increased circulating glycerol and NEFA. Sows fed a plant oil based 1:1 n-6:n-3 FA ratio appeared to be in a state of negative energy balance; however, as no effects were observed on piglet ADG, these sows were able to provide the same level of nutrients to their offspring as the 9:1P fed sows.

A two-pool model of tritiated water kinetics to predict body composition in unfasted lactating goats

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
A. W. Bell ◽  
K. D. Chandler ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACTA two-pool model of tritiated water kinetics was investigated as a means of partitioning total body water into empty body water and gut water in 17 lactating goats. Empty body water, gut water and total body water were of a similar magnitude to, and highly correlated with, a rapidly equilibrating tritiated water pool, a more slowly equilibrating pool and the sum of these two pools, respectively.Empty body fat was poorly correlated with both live weight and empty body weight (R2 = 0·42 and 0·51, respectively). However, there was a strong inverse relationship between the water and fat contents of the empty body. Consequently, empty body fat was accurately predicted by a multiple regression equation which included both empty body weight and empty body water as independent variables (R2 = 0·97). Substitution of these variables with estimates derived from tritiated water kinetics still resulted in a high correlation (R2 = 0·88). Tritiated water kinetics offered little improvement over live weight alone in the prediction of empty body protein, empty body ash or fat-free empty body.

PLASMA NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACID LEVELS IN HYPOPITUITARY SUBJECTS

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. B. STAMP
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

SUMMARY Changes in the plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in a group of patients with proven hypopituitarism have been compared with those found in control subjects during prolonged fasting, after the injection of insulin and after the oral administration of glucose with and without the previous administration of insulin. During a 4 hr. prolongation of an overnight fast plasma NEFA levels increased at a significantly slower rate in the patients with hypopituitarism. The intravenous injection of insulin was followed by a prompt fall in NEFA levels in the control group, and by a rapid return to or above original values. The recovery was consistently and markedly impaired in the patients with hypopituitarism and this abnormality differentiated them more clearly from the normal subjects than the abnormality in their plasma sugar response to insulin. The patients with pituitary hypofunction had a flat plasma sugar curve after the oral administration of glucose, but there were only minor differences from the normal plasma NEFA levels. Previous insulin administration impaired glucose tolerance in normal subjects and resulted in a more rapid late return of NEFA levels than after the administration of glucose alone. This late rise in NEFA did not occur in the hypopituitary group. The results obtained support the concept that pituitary integrity is required for normal fat mobilization. The consistency of the changes suggests that tests based on plasma NEFA measurements may provide a useful indirect means of diagnosing pituitary hypofunction.

scholarly journals Increased muscle fatty acid oxidation in dairy cows with intensive body fat mobilization during early lactation

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 6449-6460 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schäff ◽  
S. Börner ◽  
S. Hacke ◽  
U. Kautzsch ◽  
H. Sauerwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Fat Mobilization

scholarly journals Buffering Agent via Insulin-Mediated Activation of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway to Regulate Lipid Metabolism in Lactating Goats

2018 ◽  
pp. 753-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LI ◽  
M. L. HE ◽  
K. WANG ◽  
Y. S. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Buffering Agent ◽  
Agent Group

Ruminants are often fed a high-concentrate (HC) diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. Buffering agent could enhance the acid base buffer capacity and has been used to prevent ruminant rumen SARA and improve the content of milk fat. Therefore, we tested whether a buffering agent increases lipid anabolism in the livers of goats and influences of milk fat synthesis. Twelve Saanen-lactating goats were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received a HC diet (Concentrate: Forage=60:40, Control) and the other group received the same diet with a buffering agent added (10 g sodium butyrate, C4H7NaO2; 10 g sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3; BG) over a 20-week experimental period. Overall, milk fat increase (4.25±0.08 vs. 3.24±0.10; P<0.05), and lipopolysaccharide levels in the jugular (1.82±0.14 vs. 3.76±0.33) and rumen fluid (23,340±134 vs. 42,550±136) decreased in the buffering agent group (P<0.05). Liver consumption and release of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) into the bloodstream increased (P<0.05). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) up-regulated significantly in the livers of the buffering agent group (P<0.05). It also up-regulated expression of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and its downstream targets involved in fatty acid synthetic, including fatty acid synthetase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) (P<0.05). The BG diet increased insulin levels in blood (19.43±0.18 vs. 13.81±0.10, P<0.05), and insulin receptor was likewise elevated in the liver (P<0.05). Cumulatively, the BG diet increased plasma concentrations of NEFA by INS-PI3K/AKT-SREBP-1c signaling pathway promoting their synthesis in the liver. The increased NEFA concentration in the blood during BG feeding may explain the up-regulated in the milk fat of lactating goats.

Changes in plasma palmitate specific radioactivity during long-term intravenous infusions of tritiated palmitate into lactating goats

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-765
Author(s):  
Barbara A. König ◽  
J. D. Oldham ◽  
D. S. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Extensive Body

Vascular injection or infusion of isotopically labelled fatty acids into both ruminant and nonruminant species has been used as a method for determining the entry rate of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into blood (Bickerstaffe, Annison & Linzell, 1974; Vranic, 1975). Results obtained in this way represent the release of fatty acids from several sources, principally adipose tissue. The predominant labelled end-products from [3H]– and [14C]fatty acid metabolism are water and carbon dioxide respectively. Both these metabolites enter extensive body pools and the label is unlikely to be reincorporated into plasma NEFA during the time course of conventional short-term experiments (2–4 h). During isotope dilution experiments, however, some labelled fatty acid could be incorporated into adipose tissue triacyglycerol (TAG) following synthesis of low-density lipoprotein in the liver. In addition, the contribution of NEFA carbon to endogenous acetate production could result in transfer of 14C in any C, or 8H attached to the C8 position in acetate, from the infused fatty acid to fatty acids synthesized by liver and adipose tissue.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document