scholarly journals Effect of dose and modification of viscous properties of oat gum on plasma glucose and insulin following an oral glucose load

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J.Wood ◽  
Jan T. Braaten ◽  
Fraser W. Scott ◽  
K. Doreen Riedel ◽  
Mark S. Wolynetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
The Relationship

An extract from oats known as oat gum (OG) is composed mainly of the polysaccharide (1→3) (1→4)-β-D-glucan, which is highly viscous in aqueous solution. Viscous polysaccharides are known to attenuate postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses. The purposes of this study were to determine the dose–response to OG and establish quantitatively the effect of viscosity on plasma glucose and insulin levels of healthy humans consuming 50 g glucose. Increasing the dose of OG successively reduced the plasma glucose and insulin responses relative to a control without gum. Reduction of the viscosity of OG by acid hydrolysis reduced or eliminated the capacity to decrease postprandial glucose and insulin levels. The ability of OG to modify glycaemic response was unchanged following agglomeration in the presence of maltodextrin. Agglomerated gum dispersed smoothly in a drink without formation of lumps, and development of maximum viscosity was delayed. These properties improve palatability. There was a highly significant linear relationship between log[viscosity] of the mixtures consumed and the glucose and insulin responses. The relationship shows that 79–96% of the changes in plasma glucose and insulin are attributable to viscosity, and that changes occur at relatively low doses and viscosities.

scholarly journals Glucomannan Inhibits Rice Gruel-Induced Increases in Plasma Glucose and Insulin Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Akihiro Yoshida ◽  
Takao Kimura ◽  
Katsuhiko Tsunekawa ◽  
Osamu Araki ◽  
Kazumi Ushiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Given the association between diabetes suppression and inhibition of diet-induced elevation in glucose and insulin, we investigated the effects of adding glucomannan to rice gruel on pre- and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 25 Japanese subjects without a history of diabetes or gastrointestinal disease (all males; aged 37–60 years; body mass index 20.4–31.6) participated in this study. Subjects received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (75gOGTT) and rice gruel containing 0, 0.4, or 0.8% of glucomannan. Blood samples were then obtained at preload and at 30, 60, and 120 min after receiving 75 g of glucose or rice gruel with or without glucomannan. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After the 75gOGTT, 8 subjects had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), whereas 17 showed a borderline pattern. Moreover, our data showed that greater amounts of glucomannan promoted lesser 30-min postload plasma glucose and insulin levels, with differences being larger in the borderline group than in the NGT group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Glucomannan dose-dependently inhibited the rice gruel-induced increase in 30-min postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels. Furthermore, greater inhibitory effects on glucose and insulin elevation were observed in the borderline group than in the NGT group.

scholarly journals Ceylon cinnamon does not affect postprandial plasma glucose or insulin in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1845-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Wickenberg ◽  
Sandra Lindstedt ◽  
Kerstin Berntorp ◽  
Jan Nilsson ◽  
Joanna Hlebowicz
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Federal Institute

Previous studies on healthy subjects have shown that the intake of 6 g Cinnamomum cassia reduces postprandial glucose and that the intake of 3 g C. cassia reduces insulin response, without affecting postprandial glucose concentrations. Coumarin, which may damage the liver, is present in C. cassia, but not in Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of C. zeylanicum on postprandial concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, glycaemic index (GI) and insulinaemic index (GII) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). A total of ten subjects with IGT were assessed in a crossover trial. A standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered together with placebo or C. zeylanicum capsules. Finger-prick capillary blood samples were taken for glucose measurements and venous blood for insulin measurements, before and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after the start of the OGTT. The ingestion of 6 g C. zeylanicum had no significant effect on glucose level, insulin response, GI or GII. Ingestion of C. zeylanicum does not affect postprandial plasma glucose or insulin levels in human subjects. The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment in Europe has suggested the replacement of C. cassia by C. zeylanicum or the use of aqueous extracts of C. cassia to lower coumarin exposure. However, the positive effects seen with C. cassia in subjects with poor glycaemic control would then be lost.

scholarly journals Cluster Analysis Based on Fasting and Postprandial Plasma Glucose and Insulin Concentrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Altuve ◽  
Erika Severeyn
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels

AbstractPlasma glucose and insulin concentrations are clinical markers used in the diagnosis of metabolic diseases, particularly prediabetes and diabetes. In this paper, we carried out a cluster analysis using plasma glucose and insulin data in fasting and two-hour postprandial. Different clustering experiments were performed by changing the attributes, from one (fasting glucose) to four (fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin) attribute input to a k-means clustering algorithm. Based on the elbow and silhouette methods, three clusters were chosen to carry out the clustering experiments. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the dependence between the glucose and insulin levels for each cluster created. Results show that one cluster contained prediabetics, another cluster contained diabetics, and subjects without prediabetes and diabetes were assigned to another cluster. Although age was not used as an attribute, we have found that subjects in the three clusters have a different age range. Finally, significant correlations were found between insulin levels in fasting and postprandial and between glucose levels in fasting and postprandial. These associations were stronger in the cluster containing diabetics, where insulin production or action is compromised.

Diurnal changes in plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose load in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (5) ◽  
pp. E463-E466 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hara ◽  
M. Saito
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Insulin Responses

The plasma glucose and insulin responses to an oral load of glucose were examined in the daytime and at night in unanesthetized and unrestrained rats. In rats that had been fed during the nighttime (2200-0400 h) every day for 2 wk, the plasma glucose and insulin responses were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) at night (2200-2400 h) than in the daytime (1000-1200 h). In rats that had been fed during the daytime (1000-1600 h), the plasma glucose and insulin responses were greater in the daytime than at night (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that the diurnal variations in the plasma glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose load are closely related to the feeding schedule on which the rats are kept.

Berries modify the postprandial plasma glucose response to sucrose in healthy subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Törrönen ◽  
Essi Sarkkinen ◽  
Niina Tapola ◽  
Elina Hautaniemi ◽  
Kyllikki Kilpi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Sucrose increases postprandial blood glucose concentrations, and diets with a high glycaemic response may be associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. Previous studies have suggested that polyphenols may influence carbohydrate digestion and absorption and thereby postprandial glycaemia. Berries are rich sources of various polyphenols and berry products are typically consumed with sucrose. We investigated the glycaemic effect of a berry purée made of bilberries, blackcurrants, cranberries and strawberries, and sweetened with sucrose, in comparison to sucrose with adjustment of available carbohydrates. A total of twelve healthy subjects (eleven women and one man, aged 25–69 years) with normal fasting plasma glucose ingested 150 g of the berry purée with 35 g sucrose or a control sucrose load in a randomised, controlled cross-over design. After consumption of the berry meal, the plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower at 15 and 30 min (P < 0·05, P < 0·01, respectively) and significantly higher at 150 min (P < 0·05) compared with the control meal. The peak glucose concentration was reached at 45 min after the berry meal and at 30 min after the control meal. The peak increase from the baseline was 1·0 mmol/l smaller (P = 0·002) after ingestion of the berry meal. There was no statistically significant difference in the 3 h area under the glucose response curve. These results show that berries rich in polyphenols decrease the postprandial glucose response of sucrose in healthy subjects. The delayed and attenuated glycaemic response indicates reduced digestion and/or absorption of sucrose from the berry meal.

GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Antagonism During a Meal in Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. e725-e738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lærke S Gasbjerg ◽  
Mads M Helsted ◽  
Bolette Hartmann ◽  
Alexander H Sparre-Ulrich ◽  
Simon Veedfald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Incretin Hormones ◽  
Gallbladder Ejection Fraction ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia

Abstract Context The actions of both endogenous incretin hormones during a meal have not previously been characterized. Objective Using specific receptor antagonists, we investigated the individual and combined contributions of endogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) to postprandial glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, and gallbladder motility. Design Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Setting On four separate days, four liquid mixed meal tests (1894 kJ) over 270 minutes (min). Patients or Other Participants Twelve healthy male volunteers. Interventions Infusions of the GIP receptor antagonist GIP(3–30)NH2 (800 pmol/kg/min), the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9–39)NH2 (0–20 min: 1000 pmol/kg/min; 20–270 min: 450 pmol/kg/min), GIP(3–30)NH2+exendin(9–39)NH2, or placebo/saline. Main Outcome Measure Baseline-subtracted area under the curve (bsAUC) of C-peptide. Results Infusion of GIP(3–30)NH2+exendin(9–39)NH2 significantly increased plasma glucose excursions (bsAUC: 261 ± 142 mmol/L × min) during the liquid mixed meals compared with GIP(3–30)NH2 (180 ± 141 mmol/L × min; P = 0.048), exendin(9–39)NH2 (171 ± 114 mmol/L × min; P = 0.046), and placebo (116 ± 154 mmol/L × min; P = 0.015). Correspondingly, C-peptide:glucose ratios during GIP(3–30)NH2+exendin(9–39)NH2 infusion were significantly lower than during GIP(3–30)NH2 (P = 0.0057), exendin(9–39)NH2 (P = 0.0038), and placebo infusion (P = 0.014). GIP(3–30)NH2 resulted in significantly lower AUCs for glucagon than exendin(9–39)NH2 (P = 0.0417). Gallbladder ejection fraction was higher during GIP(3–30)NH2 compared with placebo (P = 0.004). For all interventions, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient were similar. Conclusions Endogenous GIP and GLP-1 lower postprandial plasma glucose excursions and stimulate insulin secretion but only endogenous GIP affects gallbladder motility. The two incretin hormones potentiate each other’s effects in the control of postprandial glycemia in healthy men.

scholarly journals Greater Glycaemic Response to an Oral Glucose Load in Healthy, Lean, Active and Young Chinese Adults Compared to Matched Caucasians

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Trevor Simper ◽  
Caroline Dalton ◽  
David Broom ◽  
Waleed Ibrahim ◽  
Lingjin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Glycaemic Response

scholarly journals Consumption of Cross-Linked Resistant Starch (RS4XL) on Glucose and Insulin Responses in Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas K. Al-Tamimi ◽  
Paul A. Seib ◽  
Brian S. Snyder ◽  
Mark D. Haub
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serial Blood ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
First Time

Objective. The objective was to compare the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to nutrition bars containing either cross-linked RS type 4 (RS4XL) or standard wheat starch in normoglycemic adults (n= 13; age = 27±5 years; BMI = 25±3 kg/m2).Methods. Volunteers completed three trials during which they consumed a glucose beverage (GLU), a puffed wheat control bar (PWB), and a bar containing cross-linked RS4 (RS4XL) matched for available carbohydrate content. Serial blood samples were collected over two hours and glucose and insulin concentrations were determined and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated.Results. TheRS4XLpeak glucose and insulin concentrations were lower than the GLU and PWB (P<.05). The iAUC for glucose and insulin were lower following ingestion of RS4 compared with the GLU and PWB trials.Conclusions. These data illustrate, for the first time, that directly substituting standard starch withRS4XL, while matched for available carbohydrates, attenuated postprandial glucose and insulin levels in humans. It remains to be determined whether this response was due to the dietary fiber and/or resistant starch aspects of theRS4XLbar.

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