scholarly journals A novel high-amylose barley cultivar (Hordeum vulgare var. Himalaya 292) lowers plasma cholesterol and alters indices of large-bowel fermentation in pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Bird ◽  
Michelle Jackson ◽  
Roger A. King ◽  
Debra A. Davies ◽  
Sylvia Usher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Oat Bran

Hordeum vulgare var. Himalaya 292 is a new barley cultivar with altered starch synthesis and less total starch but more amylose, resistant starch (RS) and total and soluble NSP including β-glucan. To determine its nutritional potential, young pigs were fed diets containing stabilised wholegrain flours from either Himalaya 292, Namoi (a commercial barley), wheat bran or oat bran at equivalent dietary NSP concentrations for 21 d. Serum total cholesterol was significantly lowered by the Himalaya 292 diet relative to wheat bran, indicating that Himalaya 292 retained its hypocholesterolaemic potential. In all groups SCFA concentrations were highest in the proximal colon and decreased towards the rectum. Digesta pH was lowest in the proximal colon and highest in the distal colon. Large-bowel and faecal pH were significantly lower in the pigs fed the barley and oat diets, indicating greater bacterial fermentation. Caecal and proximal colonic pH was lowest and SCFA pools highest in the pigs fed Himalaya 292. Total and individual SCFA were lowest in the mid- and distal colon of the pigs fed Himalaya 292 or oat bran. These data suggest the presence of more RS in Himalaya 292 and suggest that its fermentation was rapid relative to transit. Differences in faecal and large-bowel anaerobic, aerobic, coliform and lactic acid bacteria were relatively small, indicating a lack of a specific prebiotic action. These data support the potential of this novel barley cultivar to improve health through plasma cholesterol reduction and increased large-bowel SCFA production.

Effect of dietary fibers on rat large bowel mucosal growth and cell proliferation

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. G378-G385 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Jacobs ◽  
J. R. Lupton
Keyword(s):  
Large Bowel ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Mucosal Mass

The effects of three different fibers on large intestinal mucosal mass per unit length, crypt morphometrics, and cytokinetics were compared by feeding fiber supplements to 40 rats for 4 wk. A control group of rats was fed a fiber-free diet and the experimental groups received the same diet, uniformly diluted by the addition (wt/wt) of 20% oat bran, 10% pectin, or 10% guar. All groups of rats exhibited equal caloric intakes and weight gains. Guar consistently produced an increase in cecal and colonic mucosal wet weight, DNA, and RNA when compared with the control group (P less than 0.05). DNA levels were increased in the cecum and proximal colon of the pectin group but remained unaltered in those rats fed oat bran. Autoradiographic measurements demonstrated that epithelial cell turnover time was longer in the distal colon of the guar and pectin groups (P less than 0.001), but shorter in the proximal colon of the oat bran group, when compared with the controls (P less than 0.01). This comparative study provides further insight into the possible mechanisms by which specific dietary fibers elicit a hyperproliferative response in the large bowel.

scholarly journals Plasma lipids and large bowel volatile fatty acids in pigs fed on white rice, brown rice and rice bran

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustinus Marsono ◽  
Richard J. Illman ◽  
Julie M. Clarke ◽  
Rodney P. Trimble ◽  
David L. Topping
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
White Rice

Adult male pigs were fed on a diet containing (% of energy) fat 25 starch 55 from white rice and providing 20 g fibre/pig per d (diet WR). In two other groups rice bran was added to the diet to provide 43 g fibre/d. One group received the diet unmodified (diet RB), but in another (diet RO) heat-stabilized unrefined rice oil replaced the palm oil. In a further group brown rice replaced white rice and provided 37 g fibre/pig per d (diet BR). Plasma cholesterol concentrations were similar with diets WR, RB and BR. With diet RO the concentration was significantly lower than with diets WR and BR but was not different from diet RB. Plasma high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and plasma triacylglycerols were unaffected by diet. In all groups, digesta mass rose from the caecum to the proximal colon but fell in the distal colon. Diet WR gave the lowest digesta mass while diet BR gave a significantly higher mass along the large bowel length. RB- and RO-fed pigs had equal masses of digesta which were intermediate between BR- and WR-fed pigs at all sampling sites. Pools of individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the proximal large bowel were unaffected by diet. Pools of total and individual VFA in the median and distal colon were lowest with diets WR and RB and significantly higher with diet BR. In these regions of the colon pools of acetate in RO-fed pigs did not differ from those in the BR-fed group but were higher than in other groups. However, pools of propionate and butyrate with the RO diet were significantly lower than with diet BR and the same as with diets WR and RB. Portal venous VFA concentrations were unaffected by diet. The higher large bowel digesta masses and VFA with diet BR may reflect the escape of starch from the smallintestine.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal treatment of Novelose 330 results in high yield of resistant starch type 3 with beneficial prebiotic properties and decreased secondary bile acid formation in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Jacobasch ◽  
Gerhard Dongowski ◽  
Detlef Schmiedl ◽  
Katrin Müller-Schmehl
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Mucosal Regeneration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids

Annealing and heat-moisture treatment (HMT) are shown to be suitable methods to increase the yield of resistant starch type 3 (RS3) from Novelose 330 by up to 75%. Peak temperatures of approximately 121°C were used to produce to a sufficiently high thermal stability of the hydrothermal modified RS3 products for a wide range of applications. HMT significantly increased the crystallinity up to 40%.An in vivofeeding experiment with Wistar rats showed that fermentation of Novelose 330 dominated in the proximal colon, but degradation of HMT-Novelose was more dominant in the distal colon, leading to higher butyrate concentrations in this segment of the large bowel. Large-bowel surface and crypt length increased in the proximal colon in rats fed the Novelose 330-containing diet. In contrast, after the intake of HMT-Novelose, maximal values were found in the distal segment. The lower pH and higher butyrate concentration of the caecal and colonic contents significantlysuppressed the formation of secondary bile acids in RS3-fed rats. The formation of secondary bile acids was inhibited more strongly by HMT-Novelose than by Novelose 330. The Ki-67-immunopositive epithelial cells in the colon of RS3-fed rats indicated the establishment of an optimalbalance in the dynamic process of mucosal regeneration. HMT provides a method for the economical production of a high-quality RS3 with dominating prebiotic properties in the distal colon for health-promoting applications.

scholarly journals Excretion of ciprofloxacin into the large bowel of the rabbit.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ramon ◽  
S Dautrey ◽  
R Farinoti ◽  
C Carbon ◽  
E Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Parenteral Dose ◽  
Colonic Flora ◽  
Intestinal Elimination ◽  
Calculated Fraction

The intestinal elimination of ciprofloxacin in the large bowel was studied in a rabbit model. Segments from the cecum, colon, and sigmoid colon along with their intact blood vessels were isolated and perfused, and their contents were collected over a 90-min period following the administration of a single parenteral dose of 27 mg of ciprofloxacin per kg of body weight. The elimination rates of ciprofloxacin were 0.126 +/- 0.084 micrograms.min-1.cm-2 in the cecum and 0.264 +/- 0.126, 0.11 +/- 0.07, and 0.21 +/- 0.141 micrograms.min-1.cm-2 in the proximal colon, distal colon, and sigmoid colon, respectively. The calculated fraction of ciprofloxacin eliminated in the large bowel was 3% of the parenteral dose administered. The elimination pattern of ciprofloxacin in the large bowel may explain the unusual activity of this fluoroquinolone in modifying the colonic flora.

Bacterial Fermentation of Water-Soluble Cellulose Acetate Raises Large-Bowel Acetate and Propionate and Decreases Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (45) ◽  
pp. 11909-11916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Genda ◽  
Takashi Kondo ◽  
Shunsaku Sugiura ◽  
Shingo Hino ◽  
Shu Shimamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation

scholarly journals Effects of solvent extraction on the hypocholesterolaemic action of oat bran in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Illman ◽  
David L. Topping ◽  
Kerin Dowling ◽  
Rodney P. Trimble ◽  
Gordon R. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Hepatic Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Portal

In adult male rats fed on a cholesterol-free synthetic diet, plasma cholesterol concentrations were lowest with oat bran, intermediate with cellulose and highest with wheat bran. Plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) were similar with wheat bran and cellulose but higher with oat bran. The concentrations and pools of caecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) were lowest with cellulose and equally higher with oat bran and wheat bran. Plasma VFA concentrations in the hepatic portal vein reflected those in caecal digesta and were unrelated to plasma cholesterol. Feeding oat bran after extraction with n-pentane gave plasma cholesterol concentrations similar to that found with wheat bran. Reconstitution of oat bran with extracted lipids did not restore the cholesterol-lowering effect. Addition of the extracted material to a wheat-bran diet had no effect on plasma cholesterol. Plasma TAG were higher with the oat bran and reconstituted-oatbran diets than with wheat-bran or cellulose diets. However, extracted oat bran+safflower oil gave similar TAG concentrations to that with wheat bran. These extractions and additions did not change caecal bile acid or neutral sterol concentrations. Effects of these diets on plasma cholesterol were unrelated to their tocotrienol or tocopherol content. Addition of n-pentane to oat bran followed by evaporation of solvent gave plasma cholesterol concentrations that were significantly higher than untreated oat bran but lower than similarly treated wheat bran. It is concluded that oat bran affects cholesterol metabolism through a pentane-soluble component as well as non-starch polysaccharides. It appears that the activity of this lipid is not transferable by simple addition of the solvent extract to the whole diet.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Inflammation Markers (CRP, IL-6, sCD40L) and Colorectal Cancer Stage, Grade, Size and Location

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Olga Martyna Koper-Lenkiewicz ◽  
Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska ◽  
Anna Justyna Milewska ◽  
Justyna Zińczuk ◽  
Joanna Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was the evaluation whether in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 55): age, sex, TNM classification results, WHO grade, tumor location (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum), tumor size, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), mean platelet component (MCP), levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA 19-9), as well as soluble lectin adhesion molecules (L-, E-, and P-selectins) may influence circulating inflammatory biomarkers: IL-6, CRP, and sCD40L. We found that CRP concentration evaluation in routine clinical practice may have an advantage as a prognostic biomarker in CRC patients, as this protein the most comprehensively reflects clinicopathological features of the tumor. Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that in CRC patients: (1) with an increase in PLT by 10 × 103/μL, the mean concentration of CRP increases by 3.4%; (2) with an increase in CA 19-9 of 1 U/mL, the mean concentration of CRP increases by 0.7%; (3) with the WHO 2 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases 3.631 times relative to the WHO 1 grade group; (4) with the WHO 3 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases by 4.916 times relative to the WHO 1 grade group; (5) with metastases (T1-4N+M+) the mean CRP concentration increases 4.183 times compared to non-metastatic patients (T1-4N0M0); (6) with a tumor located in the proximal colon, the mean concentration of CRP increases 2.175 times compared to a tumor located in the distal colon; (7) in patients with tumor size > 3 cm, the CRP concentration is about 2 times higher than in patients with tumor size ≤ 3 cm. In the multivariate linear regression model, the variables that influence the mean CRP value in CRC patients included: WHO grade and tumor localization. R2 for the created model equals 0.50, which indicates that this model explains 50% of the variance in the dependent variable. In CRC subjects: (1) with the WHO 2 grade, the mean CRP concentration rises 3.924 times relative to the WHO 1 grade; (2) with the WHO 3 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases 4.721 times in relation to the WHO 1 grade; (3) with a tumor located in the rectum, the mean CRP concentration rises 2.139 times compared to a tumor located in the distal colon; (4) with a tumor located in the proximal colon, the mean concentration of CRP increases 1.998 times compared to the tumor located in the distal colon; if other model parameters are fixed.

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