scholarly journals A household food inventory for North American Chinese

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie A Satia ◽  
Ruth E Patterson ◽  
Alan R Kristal ◽  
T Gregory Hislop ◽  
Michele Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Household Food Inventory ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Behaviour Score

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a short set of questions about foods in the household can provide information about the fat-related dietary behaviour of individual household members in less-acculturated Chinese populations.DesignCross-sectional survey.ParticipantsThe study population included 244 adult females of Chinese ethnicity in Seattle, WA, and Vancouver, BC, Canada.SettingBilingual interviewers collected information on the presence of 14 high-fat foods and seven reduced-fat foods in the household. Respondents were also asked about the consumption of foods and behaviour reflective of adoption of Western dietary practices, fat-related dietary behaviour, changes in consumption of high-fat foods since immigration, and sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsAlthough this was a less-acculturated sample, many households had Western foods such as butter (58%), lunchmeats (36%), snack chips (43%), and 1% or skim milk (48%). Households with respondents who were younger, married, employed outside the home, and lived with young children had significantly more high-fat foods, while high education and longer percentage of life in North America were significantly associated with having more reduced-fat foods (P ≤ = 0.05). Participants living in households with more high-fat foods had higher-fat dietary behaviour than those with fewer high-fat foods (fat-related dietary behaviour score, 1.54 versus 1.28; P < 0.001). Women in households with more reduced-fat foods had a significantly decreased consumption of high-fat foods since immigration compared with those in households with fewer reduced-fat foods (P < 0.001). Western dietary acculturation was higher among women in households both with more high-fat foods and more reduced-fat food counterparts (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsOur inventory of household foods was strongly associated with current dietary behaviour, changes in food consumption, and westernization of dietary patterns. This simple, practical measure may be a useful alternative dietary assessment tool in less-acculturated Chinese populations.

scholarly journals Pattern of dietary behaviour and obesity in Ahwaz, Islamic Republic of Iran

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
H. Soori
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developing Communities ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Behaviour Score

To study behavioural factors associated with diet and to investigate body mass index distribution, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in Ahwaz. A composite dietary behaviour score obtained from self-reported responses to a 24-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to categorize eating habits as more/less healthy. Responders were 1600 heads of households from 150, 000 randomly selected residences. Less healthy diets were shown to be associated with age and economic status, and greater obesity with women and age [reversed after ages > 65 years]. Interventions targeted at less healthy eaters need to be evidence-based, and further research into factors determining access to healthy diets in developing communities is required.

scholarly journals What's in the lunchbox? Dietary behaviour of learners from disadvantaged schools in the Western Cape, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1752-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfa Abrahams ◽  
Anniza de Villiers ◽  
Nelia P Steyn ◽  
Jean Fourie ◽  
Lucinda Dalais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and describe factors associated with food shop (known as tuck shop in South Africa) and lunchbox behaviours of primary-school learners in South Africa.DesignAnalysis of data collected in 2008 from a cross-sectional survey.SettingSixteen primary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa.SubjectsA total of 717 grade 4 learners aged 10–12 years.ResultsA 24 h recall established that 69 % of learners carried a lunchbox to school and 49 % had consumed at least one item purchased from the school food shop/vendor. Most lunchboxes contained white bread with processed meat, whereas the most frequent food shop/vendor purchase comprised chips/crisps. Learners who carried a lunchbox to school had significantly lower BMI percentiles (P = 0·002) and BMI-for-age (P = 0·034), compared with their counterparts. Moreover, they were younger, had higher standard-of-living and dietary diversity scores, consumed more meals per day, had greater self-efficacy and came from predominantly urban schools, compared with those who did not carry a lunchbox to school. Learners who ate food shop/vendor purchases had a lower standard-of-living score and higher dietary diversity and meal scores. Only 2 % of learners were underweight, whereas 19 % were stunted and 21 % were overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).ConclusionsChildren who carried a lunchbox to school appeared to have greater dietary diversity, consumed more regular meals, had a higher standard of living and greater nutritional self-efficacy compared with those who did not carry a lunchbox to school.

scholarly journals Comparing food desert residents with non-food desert residents on grocery shopping behaviours, diet and BMI: results from a propensity score analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-811
Author(s):  
Rebecca C Woodruff ◽  
Regine Haardörfer ◽  
Ilana G Raskind ◽  
April Hermstad ◽  
Michelle C Kegler
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Food Desert ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Access ◽  
Access To Healthy Foods

AbstractObjective:To determine whether residence in a US Department of Agriculture-designated food desert is associated with perceived access to healthy foods, grocery shopping behaviours, diet and BMI among a national sample of primary food shoppers.Design:Data for the present study came from a self-administered cross-sectional survey administered in 2015. Residential addresses of respondents were geocoded to determine whether their census tract of residence was a designated food desert or not. Inverse probability of treatment-weighted regression was used to assess whether residence in a food desert was associated with dependent variables of interest.Setting:USA.Participants:Of 4942 adult survey respondents, residential addresses of 75·0 % (n 3705) primary food shoppers were included in the analysis.Results:Residence in a food desert (11·1 %, n 411) was not significantly associated with perceived access to healthy foods, most grocery shopping behaviours or dietary behaviour, but was significantly associated with primarily shopping at a superstore or supercentre v. a large grocery store (OR = 1·32; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·71; P = 0·03) and higher BMI (b = 1·14; 95 % CI 0·36, 1·93; P = 0·004).Conclusions:Results suggest that food desert residents shop at different food stores and have higher BMI than non-food desert residents.

Measuring Patterns of Surgeon Confidence Using a Novel Assessment Tool

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Farrell ◽  
Iman Ghaderi ◽  
Lindsee E. Mcphail ◽  
Amy R. Alger ◽  
Michael O. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Transition Into Practice ◽  
Experience Curves ◽  
Reliable Scale ◽  
Confidence Scale

Confidence should increase during surgical training and practice. However, few data exist regarding confidence of surgeons across this continuum. Confidence may develop differently in clinical and personal domains, or may erode as specialization or age restricts practice. A reliable scale of confidence is needed to track this competency. A novel survey was distributed to surgeons in private and academic settings. One hundred and thirty-four respondents completed this cross-sectional survey. Surgeons reported anticipated reactions to clinical scenarios within three patient care domains (acute inpatient, nonacute inpatient, and outpatient) and in personal spheres. Confidence scores were plotted against years of experience. Curves of best fit were generated and trends assessed. A subgroup completed a second survey after four years to assess the survey's reliability over time. During residency, there is steep improvement in confidence reported by surgeons in all clinical domains, with further increase for inpatient domains during transition into practice. Confidence in personal spheres also increases quickly during residency and thereafter. The surgeon confidence scale captures the expected acquisition of confidence during early surgical experience, and will have value in following trends in surgeon confidence as training and practice patterns change.

scholarly journals Emergency nurse’s perceptions of hospital facility support and disaster preparedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Dewa Gede Sanjaya Putra ◽  
Kuswantoro Rusca Putra ◽  
Noorhamdani AS
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Facility

Disasters cause material losses, morbidity, and deaths. Support for the role of hospitals and health workers, especially nurses, is needed to reduce the number of victims in each disaster. Using a cross-sectional survey design, this study aims to analyze the relationship between nurse’s perceptions of hospital facility support and disaster preparedness. One hundred sixty seven respondents were selected using proportional random sampling. Disaster preparedness evaluation tool (DPET) was used to assess the participants’ readiness, and the Health Sector Self-Assessment Tool for Disaster Risk Reduction was used to assess nurse’s perceptions of hospital facility support. The final results of the analysis using the Spearman Rank test showed a significant correlation between hospital infrastructure support and emergency nurse’s preparedness in disaster preparedness with a p-value (0.00). The higher the nurse’s perceptions of hospital facility support, the higher their preparedness in disaster management is. Strengthening guidelines of disaster planning in hospitals, especially regarding the ability of hospitals to overcome the impacts of disasters, will provide optimal support for emergency nurses during a disaster crisis.

scholarly journals Hypertension and beyond in Indian clinical practice study: a nationwide survey assessing knowledge, attitude and practices of physicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701
Author(s):  
Uday Jadhav ◽  
Arun Purohit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background: Hypertension is the leading cause for the ever-increasing burden of mortality due to stroke and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Treatments are complicated due to comorbidities and can lead to patient noncompliance. Patients with low existing cardiovascular risk are prone to have higher lifetime cardiovascular risk, which timely assessment necessary.Methods: A digital cross-sectional survey questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and practice habits regarding cardiovascular risk assessment was administered to 400 physicians and cardiologists across India. The questionnaire assessed various topics such as practice of hypertension diagnosis and treatment based on guidelines, cardiovascular risk calculators, occurrence of comorbidities and patient awareness on cardiovascular risk prevention.Results: Out of the 400 physicians, 398 completed the survey. About 52% physicians considered presence of multiple risk factors as vital for having cardiovascular risk. American college of cardiology/American heart association (ACC/AHA) calculator was preferred by 51.6% study participants. Cardiovascular risk estimation was vital for treatment-related decision-making according to 71% participants, while only 7.7% participants calculated cardiovascular risk in >90% of their patients. Approximately 44% survey participants calculated cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with 2 additional risk factors, while 5.6% calculated it in >70% hypertensive patients without comorbidities. About 46.6% participants reported that 30%-50% of their patients were on fixed-dose combinations of two antihypertensive medications.Conclusions: Findings from the study indicate predisposition of medical professionals towards having a risk assessment tool designed for the Indian population to timely assess and forestall long-term effects of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. 

scholarly journals Quality of Pre-Service Midwifery Education in Public and Private Midwifery Schools in Afghanistan: A Cross Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partamin Manalai ◽  
Sheena Currie ◽  
Massoma Jafari ◽  
Nasratullah Ansari ◽  
Hannah Tappis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Quality Aspects

Abstract Background Midwives are the key skilled birth attendants in Afghanistan. Rapid assessment of public and private midwifery education schools was conducted in 2017 to examine compliance with national educational standards. Aim was to assess midwifery education to inform Afghanistan Nurses and Midwives Council and other stakeholders priorities for improving quality of midwifery education. Methods A cross-sectional assessment was conducted from September 12–December 17, 2017, using a modified Midwifery Education Rapid Assessment Tool to assess education quality aspects related to infrastructure, management, teachers, preceptors, clinical practice sites, curriculum and students in 29 midwifery schools. A purposive sample of six Institute of Health Sciences schools, seven Community Midwifery Education schools and 16 private midwifery schools was used. Participants were midwifery school staff, students and clinical preceptors. Results Libraries were available in 28/29 (97%) schools, active skills labs in 20/29 (69%), childbirth simulators in 17/29 (59%) and newborn resuscitation models in 28/29 (97%). School managers were midwives in 21/29 (72%) schools. Median numbers of students per teacher and students per preceptor were 8 (range 2–50) and 6 (range 2–20). There were insufficient numbers of teachers practicing midwifery (132/163; 81%), trained in teaching skills (113/163; 69%) and trained in emergency obstetric and newborn care (88/163; 54%). There was an average of 13 students at clinical sites in each shift. Students managed an average of 15 births independently during their training, while 40 births are required. Twenty-four percent (7/29) of schools used the national 2015 curriculum alone or combined with an older one. Ninety-one percent (633/697) of students reported access to clinical sites and skills labs. Students mentioned, however, insufficient clinical practice, lack of education materials, transport facilities and disrespect from school teachers, preceptors and clinical site providers as challenges. Conclusions Positive findings included availability of required infrastructure, amenities, approved curricula in 7 of the 29 midwifery schools, appropriate clinical sites and students’ commitment to work as midwives upon graduation. Gaps identified were use of different often outdated curricula, inadequate clinical practice, underqualified teachers and preceptors and failure to graduate all students with sufficient skills such as independently having supported 40 births.

scholarly journals Evaluating equity in healthcare: pilot implementation of a self-assessment tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chiarenza ◽  
D Domenig ◽  
S Cattacin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The Self ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Several sets of standards aiming at improving access and quality of care for service users have been published in recent years. Certain standards focused on improving healthcare providers’ responsiveness to specific target groups. The general goal of this research was to improve organisations’ awareness of equity standards that are not focused on specific groups, but on all contributing factors that put vulnerable groups at risk of exclusion. The specific objective was to evaluate the degree of compliance with a set of equity standards in 52 health care organisations from 16 countries. Methods A self-assessment tool (SAT) was developed to allow healthcare organisations to measure their capacity to provide equitable care for service users. The SAT indicates the main areas that should be addressed: equity in policy; equitable access and utilisation; equitable quality of care; equity in participation; promoting equity. A cross-sectional survey addressing participants from pilot-organisations was used for data collection, concerning both the self-reported compliance score with the standards, as well as the additional information provided to support the score assigned. Data were analysed quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Results The findings confirm that healthcare providers do invest in improving equity in the access and delivery of services to vulnerable groups. However, many health organisations have inadequate strategies to address inequities and are insufficiently engaged in improving equity in participation and promoting equity outside the organisation. Conclusions The participating organisations reported a significant impact from use of the self-assessment tool: some received the support from regional/national authorities to continue working on improving equity in healthcare; others linked the equity standards to existing performance-measurement strategies; others invested in new frameworks to improve service users engagement. Key messages The implementation of the SAT contributes to a self-reflective process, involving health professionals and managers, in which gaps and potential improvements are identified. Pilot organisations utilised the SAT as part of a process of increasing their awareness of equity issues and changing their organisational culture.

Assessment of professional bereavement: The development and validation of the Professional Bereavement Scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chuqian Chen ◽  
Amy Yin Man Chow
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Specific Assessment

Abstract Objectives To develop and validate Professional Bereavement Scale (PBS), a specific measurement tool for professional bereavement experiences. Methods An online cross-sectional survey collected data from 563 physicians and nurses from urban hospitals in Mainland China. Item consistency analysis, component factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were run to develop and validate the scale. Correlational analysis was conducted to evaluate the psychometric property of the scale. Results Two subscales of the PBS were developed: the 17-item Short-term Bereavement Reactions Subscale (PBS–SBR) and the 15-item Accumulated Global Changes Subscale (PBS–AGC). Four factors, namely, frustration and trauma, guilt, grief, and being moved, are involved in PBS–SBR. Five factors are involved in PBS–AGC, which are new insights, more acceptance of limitations, more death-related anxiety, less influenced by patient deaths, and better coping with patient deaths. Both subscales have good content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity, as well as satisfactory internal consistency and split-half reliability. Significance of results PBS is a specific assessment tool for professional bereavement which is clearly defined, comprehensive, rigorously tested, and generalizable to different professional caregivers from various departments. Unveiled constructs illustrate that professional bereavement experiences contain a professional dimension in addition to a personal dimension both in an event-specific and a global perspective, which distinguishes them from familial bereavement experiences.

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