The Use of Triethylamine in Silicic Acid Chromatography of Phosphorylated Derivatives of Vitamin A

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Frot-coutaz ◽  
Robert Letoublon ◽  
Brigitte Gautier ◽  
Rene Got
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Derivatives Of

Multi-alkylated Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Tobacco Smoke: Separation and Identification

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Snook ◽  
R. F. Severson ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
H. C. Higman ◽  
O. T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractThe methyl, multi-methyl, and ethyl derivatives of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were isolated from the neutrals by silicic acid chromatography, solvent partitioning and gel chromatography. The procedure yielded a relatively pure PAH isolate amenable to further identifications. The multi-alkylated PAH were concentrated in the early gel fractions with parent and higher ring PAH found in subsequent gel fractions. It was shown that CSC is very rich in alkylated PAH, and their successful identification required extensive use of gas and liquid chromatography and ultra-violet and GC - mass spectrometric techniques. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separated individual isomers of the alkylated PAH in complex GC peaks. PAH from indene to pentamethylchrysene were found. This report concludes our identification studies on the PAH of CSC and complements our two previous reports in this journal. Collectively, our studies have identified approximately 1000 PAH of cigarette smoke condensate and have led to the development of methods for the routine quantitation of PAH in smalI quantities of cigarette smoke condensate.

Effect of Phenobarbitone Treatment on Vitamin D Metabolism in Mammals

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Silver ◽  
G. Neale ◽  
G. R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

1. The metabolism of radioactive cholecalciferol was studied in control and phenobarbitone-treated rats and pigs. 2. Treatment with phenobarbitone enhanced the appearance in plasma of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (peak IV on silicic acid chromatography), and of more-polar metabolites (peak V), but not of the most-polar metabolites (peak VI). Peak IV had the chromatographic properties of authentic 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) and had biological activity. 3. There was no effect on the appearance of peaks V and VI in plasma after an injection of radioactive 25-HCC. 4. Treatment with phenobarbitone enhanced the excretion of metabolites of radioactive vitamin D3 in bile. These metabolites were largely water-soluble conjugates of peaks IV, V and VI, which included glucuronides. Peak IV in bile was not identical with 25-HCC. 5. Prolonged treatment with phenobarbitone depleted the tissue radioactivity of rats given radioactive vitamin D3.

Lipid changes in cardiac hypertrophy as measured by silicic acid chromatography

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Nelson ◽  
D. M. Bear ◽  
T. O. Dotson ◽  
R. F. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Silicic Acid Column ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Silicic Acid Column Chromatography ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography

Cardiac hypertrophy was produced in adult, male albino rats by prolonged exposure to reduced atmospheric pressure. Total lipid extracts of the heart were made and the lipids were separated into seven fractions by silicic acid column chromatography. The purity of each fraction was determined by chemical analysis. Fractions II, IV, and VII were found to contain reasonably pure triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid, respectively. Fractions I, III, V, and VI contained cholesterol ester, free fatty acid, diglyceride, and monoglyceride, respectively, but were contaminated with other lipid material. The hypertrophied hearts showed a reduction in percentage of total lipid but no change in the weight of total lipid per heart. As the heart increased in weight the phospholipid content increased and the weight of cholesterol decreased. These findings confirm previous observations that the phospholipid content of muscles increases with activity.

scholarly journals Distribution of prostaglandins in rabbit kidney

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Crowshaw ◽  
J. Z. Szlyk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Kidney Medulla ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weak Activity

Three prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2α and PGA2) are present in rabbit kidney medulla. An acidic lipid extract (0.165g) obtained from 2kg of frozen rabbit kidney cortex was separated by silicic acid chromatography to yield eluates containing fatty acids, possible non-polar prostaglandin metabolites, PGA, PGE and PGF compounds. Ultraviolet spectra of the eluates before and after treatment with sodium hydroxide did not yield chromophores typical of any known prostaglandins or related metabolites. By using more sensitive bioassay procedures (contraction of rabbit duodenum) weak activity equivalent to 60μg of PGE2 and 10μg of PGF2α was detected in the PGE and PGF eluates respectively. Extraction and bioassay of fresh kidney cortex revealed no prostaglandin-like activity. Attempts to biosynthesize prostaglandins in fresh homogenates of rabbit kidney cortex from endogenous precursors and from added arachidonic acid were unsuccessful. When freshly prepared homogenates of rabbit kidney cortex were incubated with added PGE1 no evidence of enzymic breakdown was obtained. It is concluded that rabbit kidney prostaglandins are present predominantly in the medulla and there are no cortical mechanisms for their biosynthesis or inactivation under normal conditions.

scholarly journals Retinoic acid regulation of renal tubular epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-781
Author(s):  
R J Anderson ◽  
C J Ray ◽  
B G Hattler
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Retinoic Acids ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Derivatives Of

Vitamin A and its derivatives have been postulated to play an important role in renal tubulogenesis and compensatory hypertrophy. This study examined the effects of two carboxylic derivatives of vitamin A on Lewis lung carcinoma-porcine kidney-1 (LLC-PK1) renal tubular epithelial cell mito- and motogenesis and cell size. It was found that all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acids exerted modest, dose-dependent effects to stimulate incorporation of 3H-thymidine into acid-precipitable material of LLC-PK1 cells. The effects of all-trans retinoic acid to promote 3H-thymidine uptake in LLC-PK1 cells modestly enhanced that seen with acidic fibroblastic growth factor. Similar findings of these two retinoic acid derivatives to promote 3H-thymidine uptake and to enhance 3H-thymidine uptake stimulated by another growth factor (platelet-derived growth factor BB) were also observed in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. Both retinoic acids promoted healing of denuded areas made within confluent monolayers of serum-starved LLC-PK1 cells. All-trans retinoic acid also stimulated recovery of mechanically denuded areas within bovine aortic smooth muscle monolayers. Neither all-trans nor 13-cis retinoic acids s affected cell size as assessed by forward light scatter with flow cytometry, suggesting lack of effect to induce hypertrophy. These results demonstrate that two carboxylic acid derivatives of vitamin A are capable of stimulation of basal and growth factor-induced incorporation of 3H-thymidine uptake into acid-precipitable material and healing of denuded areas in disparate cell types. These findings are compatible with a role for vitamin A and its analogues in the tissue repair process.

Silicic Acid Chromatography of Organic Acids in Blood Cells and Biological Fluids

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis A Barness ◽  
Grant Morrow ◽  
Robert E Nocho ◽  
Rita A Maresca
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Color Yield ◽  
Peak Areas

Abstract The separation of organic acids and their elution from silicic acid columns and their quantitative measurement by color change of buffered indicator, a technique mechanized by Kesner and Muntwyler, are applicable to the study of biological materials. As little as 25 µg of acid can be measured. Elution times and color yield in terms of peak areas obtained with the commercial apparatus are given for 25 organic acids. Blood, plasma, red cells, and spinal fluid have been analyzed; specimens were either untreated or extracted with ether. The most abundant acids detected were propionic, lactic, hippuric, and acetic. Methylmalonate was measured in body fluids and blood cells of patients with methylmalonic acidemia and pernicious anemia. Concentrations of organic acids in blood and spinal fluid are given.

The Use of Ultraviolet Irradiation in the Estimation of Retinol (Vitamin A Alcohol) and Its Derivatives

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1039-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton S Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Quantitative studies on the estimation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) and its derivatives retinoic acid, retinal, retinyl acetate, and retinyl palmitate in dilute solution using the method of destruction by ultraviolet irradiation, showed that retinoic acid in organic solvents required a period of irradiation of from 2.5 to 8 times as long for destruction as did the other forms of the vitamin. This fact should be taken into consideration in any attempt to apply the method of Bessey et al. (1) for the analysis of retinoic acid in biologic material. Furthermore, standard solutions of retinoic acid in organic solvents are more stable after storage in the dark than are the other derivatives of the vitamin.

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