Effects of Childhood Experiences on Cortisol Levels in Depressed Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Joyce ◽  
Samantha A.H. Williamson ◽  
Janice M. McKenzie ◽  
Christopher M.A. Frampton ◽  
Suzanne E. Luty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Trial ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Objective: To evaluate the impact of childhood abuse and parental bonding on cortisol levels in depressed adults. Methods: Mean afternoon cortisol levels were measured in 192 depressed adult patients at the beginning of a treatment trial. Childhood experiences of physical and sexual abuse were ascertained by interview, and perceived parenting by self-report. Results: Maternal affectionless control, childhood sexual and physical abuse were all associated with cortisol levels. Conclusion: Childhood experiences, especially maternal affectionless control, appear to be related to hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis function in depressed adults.

Childhood Abuse as a Precursor to Homelessness for Homeless Women With Severe Mental Illness

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Davies-Netzley ◽  
Michael S. Hurlburt ◽  
Richard L. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Previous studies of childhood abuse levels among homeless women have typically focused either on single homeless women or female heads of families; almost none have focused specifically on homeless women with severe mental illness. This study explores rates of childhood physical and sexual abuse among 120 homeless women with severe mental illness. Correlates of experiencing childhood abuse are considered, including mental health outcomes and when women first become homeless. The prevalence of childhood abuse in this sample of women was substantially higher than among homeless women in general. The experience of childhood abuse was related to increased suicidality, and resulted in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder for some women. Women who had suffered abuse were also much more likely to become homeless during childhood and it is suggested that this is an important precursor to homelessness for many homeless women with chronic and severe mental illness.

scholarly journals The Influence of Parental Perfectionism and Parenting Styles on Child Perfectionism

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Cláudia Carmo ◽  
Diana Oliveira ◽  
Marta Brás ◽  
Luís Faísca
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
The Social

Perfectionism is a significant transdiagnostic process related to the development and maintenance of several psychological disorders. The main models of the development of perfectionism focus on early childhood experiences and postulate that parental relation is an important factor for understanding this construct in children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child and parental perfectionism, seeking to evaluate the empirical support of the Social Learning Model and the Social Expectations Model and children’s perception of parenting styles. The present study included 119 children (51.2% girls, Mage = 11.67 years) and their parents. Data were collected through administration of several self-report measures. The results show a relationship between the majority of the same parent and child perfectionism dimensions, thus providing supportive evidence for the Social Learning Model. Concerning the analysis of the role of gender in the transmission of perfectionism, observed fathers’ perfectionism only relates with the sons’ perfectionism, and mothers’ perfectionism relates with daughters’ perfectionism. Our findings allow for a deeper understanding of the role of the perception of an authoritarian parenting style in the development of maladaptive perfectionism. Mother and fathers’ perceived parenting styles contribute more to daughter than son perfectionism. The results contribute to expanding the understanding of the role of parental factors in the development of perfectionism.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PELECEHAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK USIA DINI DAN UPAYA PENANGANANNYA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEKERJAAN SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Arini Sisi Nabillah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Early Childhood Abuse

Cases of early childhood sexual abuse are cases that are familiar to the wider community. Cases like this often roam in print and electronic media, and many are still not exposed in the public sphere. This can occur for several reasons. Children tend not to tell the incident to their parents, and even parents are less sensitive to the strangeness of their children. The result can cause various unwanted effects. Various methods are used to minimize cases of sexual abuse against early childhood. The method in this article uses literature review. The purpose of this article is to determine the impact and efforts to deal with sexual abuse against early childhood through the perspective of social workers. The results in this article are to find out the effects of early childhood abuse on sexual harassment cases, as well as efforts to address them through the perspective of social workers.

scholarly journals It is a family affair: individual experiences and sibling exposure to emotional, physical and sexual abuse and the impact on adult depressive symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Kullberg ◽  
Charlotte van Schie ◽  
Eleonore van Sprang ◽  
Dominique Maciejewski ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Childhood abuse and neglect often occurs within families and can have a large influence on mental well-being across the lifespan. However, the sibling concordance of emotional abuse and neglect (i.e. together referred to as emotional maltreatment; EM), physical abuse (PA) and sexual abuse (SA) and the long-term impact on the context of siblings' maltreatment experiences are unclear. To examine the influence of EM, PA and SA on adult depressive symptoms within the family framework we differentiate between (a) the family-wide (mean level of all siblings) effects and (b) the individual deviation from the mean family level of maltreatment. Methods The sample (N = 636) consists of 256 families, including at least one lifetime depressed or anxious individual and their siblings. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the family-wide and relative individual effects of childhood maltreatment (CM). Results (a) Siblings showed most similarity in their reports of EM followed by PA. SA was mostly reported by one person within a family. In line with these observations, the mean family levels of EM and PA, but not SA, were associated with more depressive symptoms. In addition, (b) depression levels were more elevated in individuals reporting more EM than the family mean. Conclusions Particularly in the case of more visible forms of CM, siblings' experiences of EM and PA are associated with the elevated levels of adult depressive symptoms. Findings implicate that in addition to individual maltreatment experiences, the context of siblings' experiences is another crucial risk factor for an individuals' adult depressive symptomatology.

Youth self-report of physical and sexual abuse: A latent class analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate B. Nooner ◽  
Alan J. Litrownik ◽  
Richard Thompson ◽  
Benjamin Margolis ◽  
Diana J. English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

The Impact of Group Therapy for Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Carver ◽  
Carol Stalker ◽  
Elizabeth Stewart ◽  
Betsy Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

This article reports on 95 women who were referred to an outpatient psychiatry clinic for group therapy for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Criteria for exclusion in group therapy are outlined and the format of the group therapy is described. Those who completed the groups are compared to dropouts. The group's effectiveness was evaluated using measures of psychiatric symptomatology (SCL 90), depression (Zung Self-Report Depression Scale), and self-esteem (Texas Social Behaviour Inventory) with a pre/post test design. Clients' evaluation questionnaires were also used. Group therapy was found to be effective in reducing symptomatology and change was in the expected direction in terms of depression and self-esteem.

scholarly journals The impact of asian values and victim−perpetrator closeness on the disclosure of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse.

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Ming Foynes ◽  
Melissa Platt ◽  
Gordon C. N. Hall ◽  
Jennifer J. Freyd
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Asian Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Screening for abuse and mental health problems among illiterate runaway adolescents in an Indian metropolis

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 947-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Pagare Bhat ◽  
Meghachandra Singh ◽  
Gajendra Singh Meena
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of physical and sexual abuse, and their relation to mental health problems among the illiterate/semiliterate runaway adolescents in New Delhi, India.DesignCross sectional.SettingNew Delhi, India.PatientsRunaway adolescent boys (n=119) aged 11 to 18 years at an observation home.MethodsStudy subjects were screened for physical and sexual abuse using the Child Maltreatment History Self Report and Finkelhor's sexual abuse scale. Mental health problems were identified using the Achenbach's Youth Self-Report scale. As the participants were illiterate or semiliterate with Hindi being their primary language, the screening tools were appropriately translated, read out to them and their responses recorded.ResultsA total of 72 (62%) boys experienced domestic violence, 70 (59%) had engaged in substance abuse and 103 (87%) boys had been employed as child labourers. Physical abuse was reported by 86 (72%) and sexual abuse by 42 (35%). Mental health problems were recognised in 83 (70%) boys, which included internalising syndromes (59%) and externalising syndromes (34%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that physical abuse was an independent predictor of internalising syndromes (OR: 3.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 9.1; p<0.01), while substance abuse and sexual abuse were independent predictors of externalising syndromes.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that childhood abuse and mental health disorders are widely prevalent among the runaway adolescents evaluated at an observation home in New Delhi. Appropriate modification of the standardised self-report screening tools may allow the identification of mental health disorders in this vulnerable illiterate/semiliterate population.

Experiences of Physical and Sexual Abuse in Australian General Practice Attenders and an Eating Disordered Population

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Brown ◽  
Janice Russell ◽  
Christopher Thornton ◽  
Stewart Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Objective: To determine the reported rates of child physical and sexual abuse experienced by hospitalised eating disordered patients compared to a control group of women attending general practitioners. Method: A retrospective survey using the self-report Finkelhor Sexual Life Events Inventory and clinical reports. Results: Nearly one-half of eating disordered patients reported a history of child sexual abuse and one-quarter reported child physical abuse. These rates were significantly higher than those reported by the control group. Conclusions: Direct questioning regarding trauma histories is warranted when assessing patients with eating disorders and attention to such issues should be incorporated into the total management plan.

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