Hysteresis modeling of antiferroelectric micro-cantilever with anticommutative multilayer perceptrons

In this work we studied the fabrication of a monolithic bimaterial micro-cantilever resonant IR sensor with on-chip drive circuits. The effects of high temperature process and stress induced performance degradation were investigated. The post-CMOS MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) fabrication process of this IR sensor is the focus of this paper, starting from theoretical analysis and simulation, and then moving to experimental verification. The capacitive cantilever structure was fabricated by surface micromachining method, and drive circuits were prepared by standard CMOS process. While the stress introduced by MEMS films, such as the tensile silicon nitride which works as a contact etch stopper layer for MOSFETs and releasing stop layer for the MEMS structure, increases the electron mobility of NMOS, PMOS hole mobility decreases. Moreover, the NMOS threshold voltage (Vth) shifts, and transconductance (Gm) degrades. An additional step of selective removing silicon nitride capping layer and polysilicon layer upon IC area were inserted into the standard CMOS process to lower the stress in MOSFET channel regions. Selective removing silicon nitride and polysilicon before annealing can void 77% Vth shift and 86% Gm loss.

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The Use of Artificial Neural Networks and a General Discriminant Analysis for Predicting Culling Reasons in Holstein-Friesian Cows Based on First-Lactation Performance Records

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 721

Author(s):

Krzysztof Adamczyk ◽

Wilhelm Grzesiak ◽

Daniel Zaborski

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Artificial Neural Networks ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Multilayer Perceptrons ◽

Correct Classification ◽

Correct Classification Rate ◽

Classification Rate ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Friesian Cows

The aim of the present study was to verify whether artificial neural networks (ANN) may be an effective tool for predicting the culling reasons in cows based on routinely collected first-lactation records. Data on Holstein-Friesian cows culled in Poland between 2017 and 2018 were used in the present study. A general discriminant analysis (GDA) was applied as a reference method for ANN. Considering all predictive performance measures, ANN were the most effective in predicting the culling of cows due to old age (99.76–99.88% of correctly classified cases). In addition, a very high correct classification rate (99.24–99.98%) was obtained for culling the animals due to reproductive problems. It is significant because infertility is one of the conditions that are the most difficult to eliminate in dairy herds. The correct classification rate for individual culling reasons obtained with GDA (0.00–97.63%) was, in general, lower than that for multilayer perceptrons (MLP). The obtained results indicated that, in order to effectively predict the previously mentioned culling reasons, the following first-lactation parameters should be used: calving age, calving difficulty, and the characteristics of the lactation curve based on Wood’s model parameters.

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Hysteresis Modeling and Compensation of Fast Steering Mirrors with Hysteresis Operator Based Back Propagation Neural Networks

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12070732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 732

Author(s):

Kairui Cao ◽

Guanglu Hao ◽

Qingfeng Liu ◽

Liying Tan ◽

Jing Ma

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Hysteresis Model ◽

Cooperative Movement ◽

Hysteresis Operator ◽

The Neural Network ◽

Hysteresis Nonlinearity ◽

Hysteresis Modeling ◽

Hysteresis Characteristics ◽

Inverse Hysteresis

Fast steering mirrors (FSMs), driven by piezoelectric ceramics, are usually used as actuators for high-precision beam control. A FSM generally contains four ceramics that are distributed in a crisscross pattern. The cooperative movement of the two ceramics along one radial direction generates the deflection of the FSM in the same orientation. Unlike the hysteresis nonlinearity of a single piezoelectric ceramic, which is symmetric or asymmetric, the FSM exhibits complex hysteresis characteristics. In this paper, a systematic way of modeling the hysteresis nonlinearity of FSMs is proposed using a Madelung’s rules based symmetric hysteresis operator with a cascaded neural network. The hysteresis operator provides a basic hysteresis motion for the FSM. The neural network modifies the basic hysteresis motion to accurately describe the hysteresis nonlinearity of FSMs. The wiping-out and congruency properties of the proposed method are also analyzed. Moreover, the inverse hysteresis model is constructed to reduce the hysteresis nonlinearity of FSMs. The effectiveness of the presented model is validated by experimental results.

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Minimization of the Line Resistance Impact on Memdiode-Based Simulations of Multilayer Perceptron Arrays Applied to Pattern Recognition

Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications ◽

10.3390/jlpea11010009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Fernando Leonel Aguirre ◽

Nicolás M. Gomez ◽

Sebastián Matías Pazos ◽

Félix Palumbo ◽

Jordi Suñé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Multilayer Perceptrons ◽

Spice Simulation ◽

Large Dataset ◽

High Line ◽

Calibration Algorithm ◽

The Impact ◽

Line Resistance

In this paper, we extend the application of the Quasi-Static Memdiode model to the realistic SPICE simulation of memristor-based single (SLPs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) intended for large dataset pattern recognition. By considering ex-situ training and the classification of the hand-written characters of the MNIST database, we evaluate the degradation of the inference accuracy due to the interconnection resistances for MLPs involving up to three hidden neural layers. Two approaches to reduce the impact of the line resistance are considered and implemented in our simulations, they are the inclusion of an iterative calibration algorithm and the partitioning of the synaptic layers into smaller blocks. The obtained results indicate that MLPs are more sensitive to the line resistance effect than SLPs and that partitioning is the most effective way to minimize the impact of high line resistance values.

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Design of a robust controller and modeling aspects of a micro cantilever beam with fringing and squeezed gas film damping effects

Mechatronics ◽

10.1016/j.mechatronics.2012.10.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 67-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marialena Vagia ◽

Anthony Tzes

Keyword(s):

Cantilever Beam ◽

Robust Controller ◽

Damping Effects ◽

Micro Cantilever

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Estimation of electrical resistivity using artificial neural networks: a case study from Lublin Basin, SE Poland

Acta Geophysica ◽

10.1007/s11600-021-00554-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jakub Ważny ◽

Michał Stefaniuk ◽

Adam Cygal

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Artificial Neural Networks ◽

Training Data ◽

Multilayer Perceptrons ◽

Borehole Data ◽

Geological Interpretation ◽

Se Poland ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Reliable Solution

AbstractArtificial neural networks method (ANNs) is a common estimation tool used for geophysical applications. Considering borehole data, when the need arises to supplement a missing well log interval or whole logging—ANNs provide a reliable solution. Supervised training of the network on a reliable set of borehole data values with further application of this network on unknown wells allows creation of synthetic values of missing geophysical parameters, e.g., resistivity. The main assumptions for boreholes are: representation of similar geological conditions and the use of similar techniques of well data collection. In the analyzed case, a set of Multilayer Perceptrons were trained on five separate chronostratigraphic intervals of borehole, considered as training data. The task was to predict missing deep laterolog (LLD) logging in a borehole representing the same sequence of layers within the Lublin Basin area. Correlation between well logs data exceeded 0.8. Subsequently, magnetotelluric parametric soundings were modeled and inverted on both boreholes. Analysis showed that congenial Occam 1D models had better fitting of TM mode of MT data in each case. Ipso facto, synthetic LLD log could be considered as a basis for geophysical and geological interpretation. ANNs provided solution for supplementing datasets based on this analytical approach.

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Sensor Validation and Diagnostic Potential of Smartwatches in Movement Disorders

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21093139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 3139

Author(s):

Julian Varghese ◽

Catharina Marie van Alen ◽

Michael Fujarski ◽

Georg Stefan Schlake ◽

Julitta Sucker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Noise ◽

Disease Classification ◽

Multilayer Perceptrons ◽

Sensor Validation ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Learning Architectures ◽

Diagnosis Classification ◽

Healthy Participants ◽

Digital Biomarkers

Smartwatches provide technology-based assessments in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). It is necessary to evaluate their reliability and accuracy in order to include those devices in an assessment. We present unique results for sensor validation and disease classification via machine learning (ML). A comparison setup was designed with two different series of Apple smartwatches, one Nanometrics seismometer and a high-precision shaker to measure tremor-like amplitudes and frequencies. Clinical smartwatch measurements were acquired from a prospective study including 450 participants with PD, differential diagnoses (DD) and healthy participants. All participants wore two smartwatches throughout a 15-min examination. Symptoms and medical history were captured on the paired smartphone. The amplitude error of both smartwatches reaches up to 0.005 g, and for the measured frequencies, up to 0.01 Hz. A broad range of different ML classifiers were cross-validated. The most advanced task of distinguishing PD vs. DD was evaluated with 74.1% balanced accuracy, 86.5% precision and 90.5% recall by Multilayer Perceptrons. Deep-learning architectures significantly underperformed in all classification tasks. Smartwatches are capable of capturing subtle tremor signs with low noise. Amplitude and frequency differences between smartwatches and the seismometer were under the level of clinical significance. This study provided the largest PD sample size of two-hand smartwatch measurements and our preliminary ML-evaluation shows that such a system provides powerful means for diagnosis classification and new digital biomarkers, but it remains challenging for distinguishing similar disorders.

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Micro cantilever based optical gravimeter

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2021.3072639 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Yash Raj ◽

Kaushik Shukla ◽

Tanmoy Datta ◽

Mrinal Sen

Keyword(s):

Micro Cantilever

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A supervised machine learning approach to characterize spinal network function

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00763.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (6) ◽

pp. 2001-2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. N. Dalrymple ◽

S. A. Sharples ◽

N. Osachoff ◽

A. P. Lognon ◽

P. J. Whelan

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Nervous System ◽

Spontaneous Activity ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Supervised Machine Learning ◽

Network Activity ◽

Multilayer Perceptrons ◽

Network Development ◽

Newborn Mice

Spontaneous activity is a common feature of immature neuronal networks throughout the central nervous system and plays an important role in network development and consolidation. In postnatal rodents, spontaneous activity in the spinal cord exhibits complex, stochastic patterns that have historically proven challenging to characterize. We developed a software tool for quickly and automatically characterizing and classifying episodes of spontaneous activity generated from developing spinal networks. We recorded spontaneous activity from in vitro lumbar ventral roots of 16 neonatal [postnatal day (P)0–P3] mice. Recordings were DC coupled and detrended, and episodes were separated for analysis. Amplitude-, duration-, and frequency-related features were extracted from each episode and organized into five classes. Paired classes and features were used to train and test supervised machine learning algorithms. Multilayer perceptrons were used to classify episodes as rhythmic or multiburst. We increased network excitability with potassium chloride and tested the utility of the tool to detect changes in features and episode class. We also demonstrate usability by having a novel experimenter use the program to classify episodes collected at a later time point (P5). Supervised machine learning-based classification of episodes accounted for changes that traditional approaches cannot detect. Our tool, named SpontaneousClassification, advances the detail in which we can study not only developing spinal networks, but also spontaneous networks in other areas of the nervous system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spontaneous activity is important for nervous system network development and consolidation. Our software uses machine learning to automatically and quickly characterize and classify episodes of spontaneous activity in the spinal cord of newborn mice. It detected changes in network activity following KCl-enhanced excitation. Using our software to classify spontaneous activity throughout development, in pathological models, or with neuromodulation, may offer insight into the development and organization of spinal circuits.

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