Re: Profiling the New Zealand Thoroughbred racing industry. 1. Training, racing and general health patterns; Re: Profiling the New Zealand Thoroughbred racing industry. 2. Conditions interfering with training and racing

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-164 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Health ◽  
Health Patterns ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing

scholarly journals Preliminary Examination of the Biological and Industry Constraints on the Structure and Pattern of Thoroughbred Racing in New Zealand over Thirteen Seasons: 2005/06–2017/18

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Kylie A. Legg ◽  
Erica K. Gee ◽  
Darryl J. Cochrane ◽  
Chris W. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing ◽  
Key Industry

This study aimed to examine thirteen seasons of flat racing starts (n = 388,964) in the context of an ecological system and identify metrics that describe the inherent characteristics and constraints of the New Zealand Thoroughbred racing industry. During the thirteen years examined, there was a 2–3% per year reduction in the number of races, starts and number of horses. There was a significant shift in the racing population with a greater number of fillies (aged 2–4 years) having a race start, and subsequent longer racing careers due to the inclusion of one more racing preparation post 2008 (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an increasingly ageing population of racehorses. These changes resulted in more race starts in a career, but possibly because of biological constraints, there was no change in the number of race starts per season, starts per preparation, or days spelling between preparations (p < 0.05). There was no change in the proportion of horses having just one race start (14% of new entrants), indicating that the screening for suitability for a racing career remained consistent. These data identify key industry parameters which provide a basis for future modelling of intervention strategies to improve economic performance and reduce horse injury. Consideration of the racing industry as a bio-economic or ecological model provides framework to test how the industry may respond to intervention strategies and signal where changes in system dynamics may alter existing risk factors for injury.

The movement pattern of horses around race meetings in New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rosanowski ◽  
C. W. Rogers ◽  
C. F. Bolwell ◽  
N. Cogger
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Harness Racing ◽  
Time Required ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing ◽  
Selection Of

In order to describe the implications of racehorse movement on the potential spread and control of infectious disease in New Zealand, the movement of horses due to regular racing activities needed to be quantified. Race meeting, trainer and starter data were collected in 2009 from the governing bodies for the two racing codes in New Zealand; Harness Racing New Zealand and New Zealand Thoroughbred Racing. During 2009, 507 Thoroughbred and 506 Standardbred race meetings were held. A random selection of 42 Standardbred and 39 Thoroughbred race meetings were taken from all race meetings held in 2009 and the distances travelled by trainers to these race meetings were determined. The trainers attending selected race meetings represented 50% (1135/2287) of all registered trainers in 2009. There was no seasonal pattern of when race meetings were held between racing codes (P = 0.18) or by race type (P = 0.83). There were significant differences in the distance travelled by trainers to race meetings, by racing code (P < 0.001). Thoroughbred trainers travelled a median of 91 km (IQR 40–203 km), while Standardbred trainers travelled a median of 45 km (IQR 24–113 km) (P < 0.001). Within each racing code, trainers travelled further to attend premier races than other types of race meetings (P < 0.001). These data demonstrate there is higher potential for more widespread disease dissemination from premier race meetings compared with other types of race meetings. Additionally, lack of a seasonal pattern indicates that a widespread outbreak could occur at any time of the year. Widespread disease dissemination would increase the logistic effort required for effective infectious disease control and has the potential to increase the time required to achieve control.

Psychiatric Training in New Zealand

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Moloney ◽  
Joanna MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
General Health ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
House Officer ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zealand College ◽  
And Training

Objective: The aims of this study were to develop a profile of current psychiatric trainees in New Zealand, to identify factors important in their recruitment to and retention in psychiatric training and to identify factors that predict failure to complete training. Method: A survey was sent to all current psychiatric trainees in New Zealand and to all trainees who could be traced who had left psychiatric training in New Zealand in the last 5 years without completing the Fellowship of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Results: General characteristics of the two groups are presented, as well as information about recruitment, burnout, general health and experiences of work and training. The only significant difference in general characteristics between the two groups was that more of those who had left training prematurely had been born overseas. The levels of family and personal mental illness were high, but there was no difference in these rates between those who had stayed in training and those who had left prematurely. Most trainees had decided to pursue a psychiatric career during their house-officer years. The most important factors determining the choice of a career in psychiatry were philosophical interest and house-officer experience in psychiatry. With respect to retention, despite high rates of burnout and psychological morbidity, and dissatisfaction with various aspects of the work setting, 94% of current trainees indicated satisfaction with their decision to train in psychiatry and over 90% intended to practise in New Zealand in the future. Most trainees who left training prematurely did so during the first 2 years of training. Dissatisfaction with work conditions, and stress or burnout were the main reasons for leaving. Conclusions: This study provides information on some of the complex determinants of psychiatric recruitment and retention in the New Zealand setting. Areas that could be addressed in order to improve recruitment, work satisfaction and retention in training are considered.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Healthy Relationship Smartphone App With Indigenous Young People: Protocol for a Co-designed Stepped Wedge Randomized Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Koziol-McLain ◽  
Denise Wilson ◽  
Alain C Vandal ◽  
Moana Eruera ◽  
Shyamala Nada-Raja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
General Health ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Stepped Wedge ◽  
Partner Relationship

BACKGROUND We co-designed a smartphone app, Harmonised, with taitamariki (young people aged 13-17 years) to promote healthy intimate partner relationships. The app also provides a pathway for friends and family, or whānau (indigenous Māori extended family networks), to learn how to offer better support to taitamariki. OBJECTIVE The aim of our taitamariki- and Māori-centered study is to evaluate the implementation of the app in secondary schools. The study tests the effectiveness of the app in promoting taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy (primary outcome). METHODS We co-designed a pragmatic, randomized, stepped wedge trial (retrospectively registered on September 12, 2019) for 8 Aotearoa, New Zealand, secondary schools (years 9 through 13). The schools were randomly assigned to implement the app in 1 of the 2 school terms. A well-established evaluation framework (RE-AIM [Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance]) guided the selection of mixed data collection methods. Our target sample size is 600 taitamariki enrolled across the 8 schools. Taitamariki will participate by completing 5 web-based surveys over a 15-month trial period. Taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy (primary outcome) and well-being, general health, cybersafety management, and connectedness (secondary outcomes) will be assessed with each survey. The general effectiveness hypotheses will be tested by using a linear mixed model with nested participant, year-group, and school random effects. The primary analysis will also include testing effectiveness in the Māori subgroup. RESULTS The study was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment in October 2015 and approved by the Auckland University of Technology Ethics Committee on May 3, 2017 (application number: 17/71). CONCLUSIONS This study will generate robust evidence evaluating the impact of introducing a healthy relationship app in secondary schools on taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy, well-being, general health, cybersafety management, and connectedness. This taitamariki- and indigenous Māori–centered research fills an important gap in developing and testing strengths-based mobile health interventions in secondary schools. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001262190; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377584 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR1-10.2196/24792

Descriptive statistics and the pattern of horse racing in New Zealand. 1. Thoroughbred racing

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte F. Bolwell ◽  
Chris W. Rogers ◽  
Erica K. Gee ◽  
Sarah M. Rosanowski
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Horse Racing ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing

The aim of the present study was to describe the pattern of flat and jump races and starts, including temporal trends, in Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand. Data on all race starts between 1 August 2005 and 31 July 2011 were supplied by New Zealand Thoroughbred Racing. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data at both race and start level, stratified by flat and jumps races. In total, 96% of races run were flat races and most races and starts occurred in the Northern region. There was an even distribution of flat races across season of the year, whereas most (60%; 514/863) jumps races were run in winter followed by autumn (21%; 183/863), with no races run in summer. Irrespective of region or season, most flat races were run on Good (37%; 7505/20 091) tracks and most (45%; 384/863) jumps races were run on Heavy tracks. There was no change in the number of horses per race or starts per horse across the years studied, and the median number of starts per trainer was 14 (interquartile range 6–38) for flat races and 3 (interquartile range 2–6) for jumps races. The results showed there is a relatively consistent product offered for Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand, which is primarily focussed on flat racing. The study provided baseline data on the pattern of Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand, which can be used as background for future industry-related studies.

Descriptive epidemiology of race-day jockey falls and injuries in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bolwell ◽  
C. Rogers ◽  
E. Gee
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Medical Certificate ◽  
Track Condition ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing

The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of race-day jockey falls and describe the reporting of injuries occurring during Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand. Details on jockey falls and injuries were extracted from official stipendiary stewards' reports and denominator data on all race starts were obtained for all races that occurred between 1 August 2008 and 28 February 2013. A fall included any event of the jockey being dislodged from the horse, once the jockey had mounted to start the race proceedings. Incidence rates for jockey falls stratified by type of race were calculated for race-level variables of interest: year, season, race number, race distance and track condition. During the study period there were 816 jockey falls, of which 92 occurred before the race and resulted in the horse being scratched (withdrawn) from the race. The incidence of jockey falls was 2.2 per 1000 rides (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.9-2.5) for flat races and 84.7 per 1000 rides (95% CI=76.6-93.5) for jump races. Just under half of the jockey falls in flat races occurred pre-race (195/418; 46.6%), 42% (179/418) of falls occurred during the race and 10.5% (44/418) of falls occurred post-race. In total, 19.1% (80/418) and 17.3% (69/398) of jockey falls resulted in injury to the jockey in flat and jump races, respectively. Nearly 90% (69/80) of jockeys injured in flat races were stood down from their next race and most injured jockeys required a medical certificate before racing again. The incidence of jockey falls was higher in jump races than flat races, but was comparable to those reported internationally. Incidence rates for falls in flat races were lower than those reported in Europe and Australia.

Illness Aetiology Constructs, Health Status and Use of Health Services among Cambodians in New Zealand

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cheung ◽  
George Spears
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
General Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine, among all adult Cambodians living in Dunedin: prevalence of illness aetiology beliefs; psychiatric and physical health status; pattern of use of health services; relationships between use of health services and demographic factors, illness aetiology constructs and health status; and problems encountered and improvements desired in the local health services. Method: 223 (i.e. 93.3% of all) adult Cambodians living in Dunedin were assessed, using a structured interview, in relation to their sociodemographic status, illness aetiology beliefs, physical health status and use of health services. The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire was used to assess psychiatric status. Results: Subjects held multiple indigenous and Western illness aetiology constructs. Psychiatric morbidity using the 28item of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28) cutoff of 3/4 was 15.7% despite this only six subjects had ever used specialist psychiatric services. Malaria, intestinal parasitic infestations and heart conditions were the three most frequently reported physical problems. Most subjects had used traditional services in Cambodia but very few had used them in New Zealand. Health service was related to duration of stay in New Zealand. Socio-economic status, both physical and psychiatric health status and some illness aetiology constructs. One hundred and forty-two (63.7%) subjects reported problems with use of health services in Dunedin. Conclusion: Despite methodological limitations, some useful preliminary data on factors pertaining to use of and satisfaction with health services among Cambodians were collected. Future research should examine family characteristics and the decision-making processes that determine service use.

Advance Directives: the New Zealand context

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Wareham ◽  
Antoinette McCallin ◽  
Kate Diesfeld
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Advance Directives ◽  
Advance Directive ◽  
General Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Professional Obligations ◽  
Future Treatment ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Legal Right

Advance directives convey consumers’ wishes about accepting or refusing future treatment if they become incompetent. They are designed to communicate a competent consumer’s perspective regarding the preferred treatment, should the consumer later become incompetent. There are associated ethical issues for health practitioners and this article considers the features that are relevant to nurses. In New Zealand, consumers have a legal right to use an advance directive that is not limited to life-prolonging care and includes general health procedures. Concerns may arise regarding a consumer’s competence and the document’s validity. Nurses need to understand their legal and professional obligations to comply with an advance directive. What role does a nurse play and what questions arise for a nurse when advance directives are discussed with consumers? This article considers the cultural dimensions, legal boundaries, consumers’ and providers’ perspectives, and the medical and nursing positions in New Zealand.

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