Interpersonal relationships in Brazilian adolescents

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Roger Van Horn ◽  
Juracy Cunegatto Marques
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Ecological Models ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Four Dimensions

Interpersonal relationships were evaluated in 260 middle-class Brazilian youths aged 11–12, 15–16, and 19–20 years, using the Network of Relationships Inventory (Furman & Buhrmester, 1992). Participants rated four dimensions (support, conflict, relative power, and punishment) of relationships with five social network members (mother, father, teacher, sibling, and same-sex friend). Ratings were consistent with ecological models predicting culture-specific characteristics of relationships. In contrast to previous research on US adolescents, Brazilian adolescents reported high levels of both support and conflict and there was no shift from parents to peers as the primary source of support. Differences between early and late adolescents were not consistent with the processes of individuation and rapprochement. One of the few significant sex differences resulted from females rating support higher than males in relationships with siblings and friends.

A Rating Scale of Intimate Disclosure between Late Adolescents and Their Friends

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis S. Klos ◽  
Diane F. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Target Person ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Williams College ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
High Level

Subjects were asked to recall actual intimate conversations with closest same-sex friend and closest opposite-sex friend and reconstruct the dialogue. Responses were used to form a reliable example-anchored scale. The criteria for rating were the topic of disclosure, the feeling-content and spontaneity of disclosure, and the receptivity of the target person. The sample was 128 Williams College students, evenly divided by sex, half freshmen and half seniors, Caucasian, and middle-class. An analysis of variance showed significant differences in level of intimate disclosure: freshman males to males, low; freshman males to females and senior males to males, moderate; senior males to females and females of either age to friends of either sex, high. Level of intimate disclosure was independent of the tendency to give socially desirable responses on the Marlowe-Crowne Scale. Using objective ratings as a standard, it was concluded that self-ratings of intimate disclosure are inflated and often inaccurate.

scholarly journals Hubungan Interpersonal Golongan ‘Pengkid’ di Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHOORIYATI SEHU MOHD ◽  
INTAN HASHIMAH MOHD HASHIM
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Social Circle ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

This research focuses on Pengkid. Pengkid is a term or a slang used in Malaysia to refer to lesbians in the butch category. They are a group of individuals who practices same sex sexual orientation, in which they are sexually attracted to women. This research was conducted to examine interpersonal relationships of Pengkid and their satisfaction over these relationships. To gain a deeper and more comprehensive picture, a semi-structural interview was conducted with 25 Pengkid participants from around Pulau Pinang, Kuala Lumpur, and Selangor. Participants were recruited using various methods including from Malaysian Pengkid official website and through snowballing technique. Results show that Pengkids in this study have wide and various categories of interpersonal relationships and received several types of social supports from their interpersonal relationships. This indicates that Pengkid in this study were well-accepted by their social circle and maintained a good relationship with individuals who knew and are aware of their sexual orientation. Close friends and romantic partners were the main sources of all types of support for this group. Other categories of interpersonal relationships also provide some social supports to this group but of lesser quality and quantity compared to these two. Findings from this research suggest the unique and different role is played by different individuals in one social network. This study contributes to the same sex sexual orientation on this particular group.  

Blabbermouths and Clams: Sex Differences in Self-Disclosure in Same-Sex and Cross-Sex Friendship Dyads

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Mayer Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class Origin

Self-disclosure involves the two related dimensions of intimacy and power. It may be rewarding or costly to both confider and confidant. Although previous research has indicated that women are more self-disclosing than men, in the study reported here sex differences in self-disclosure are negligible in same-sex friendships. In cross-sex friendships, however, more men are confiding than women. Further, in female-male dyads men tend to hide their weaknesses and women to conceal their strengths. In such friendships, also, both men and women of working class origin are more prone to self-revelation than middle class respondents. Surprisingly, the correlation between feelings of closeness and self-disclosure is far from perfect in friendly (as opposed to stranger-like) relationships. Research on personal assessments of risks versus rewards in self-disclosure is needed.

scholarly journals The experience of pregnancy: subjectivity and social relations

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Barcellos Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The Family

In this article, I examine from a comparative perspective how the experience of pregnancy is affected by pregnant women's social network, in an urban context. In particular, I analyse the role played by husbands or male partners, family, friends and medical specialists during gestation and how these relationships impinge on women's subjectivity. I contrast the earlier studies of Maria Isabel Almeida and Tania Salem, carried out in the 1980s, with my own research material, gathered in 2008, all of which dealt with middle class women living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who were going through their first gestation. I argue, with this comparison, that different ways of thinking and living these relationships as well as the changes undergone in gender roles in the family affects women´s subjectivity, in particular the value given to the expression of individuality - its motivations, desires and emotions.

Sex Differences in Rotary Pursuit Performance of Young Children: A Follow-up

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1199-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Davol ◽  
Susan L. Breakell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Rotary Pursuit

A 30-rpm or a 45-rpm rotary pursuit task was given to 72 boys and 72 girls from Grades 1 to 5 of a lower-class and a middle-class school; each S was given 5 125-sec. trials with a 1-min. rest period between trials. Analyses of time-on-target showed a different pattern of results for each school. No significant sex differences were found except through interaction with sex of E. Level of performance was determined primarily by speed of rotation and grade level of S, but there was a lag in performance of Ss from the first two grades of the lower-class school.

scholarly journals People as Means to Multiple Goals: Implications for Interpersonal Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Orehek ◽  
Amanda L. Forest ◽  
Sara Wingrove
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Multiple Goals ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Goal Pursuits ◽  
Consistent Support

The present research examines the implications of having relationship partners who serve as means to multiple goals. Specifically, we test the hypotheses that (a) partners who serve more goals will be evaluated as more interpersonally close, supportive, and responsive than those who serve fewer goals, and (b) partners who serve more goals will be less common in social networks than those who serve fewer goals. Three studies ( N = 1,064) found consistent support for these hypotheses while examining relationships with all members of participants’ active social network and their full range of goal pursuits. In addition, we found that the association between number of goals a partner serves and relationship evaluation is stronger for people who perceived their social networks as less (vs. more) instrumental on average, and among people who perceived their relationships as less close, less supportive, and less responsive, on average. Implications for close relationships are discussed.

Who is the boss? Identifying key roles in telecom fraud network via centrality-guided deep random walk

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Chang ◽  
Kuan-Ting Lai ◽  
Seng-Cho T. Chou ◽  
Wei-Chuan Chiang ◽  
Yuan-Chen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Random Walks ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Equivalence

PurposeTelecommunication (telecom) fraud is one of the most common crimes and causes the greatest financial losses. To effectively eradicate fraud groups, the key fraudsters must be identified and captured. One strategy is to analyze the fraud interaction network using social network analysis. However, the underlying structures of fraud networks are different from those of common social networks, which makes traditional indicators such as centrality not directly applicable. Recently, a new line of research called deep random walk has emerged. These methods utilize random walks to explore local information and then apply deep learning algorithms to learn the representative feature vectors. Although effective for many types of networks, random walk is used for discovering local structural equivalence and does not consider the global properties of nodes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors proposed a new method to combine the merits of deep random walk and social network analysis, which is called centrality-guided deep random walk. By using the centrality of nodes as edge weights, the authors’ biased random walks implicitly consider the global importance of nodes and can thus find key fraudster roles more accurately. To evaluate the authors’ algorithm, a real telecom fraud data set with around 562 fraudsters was built, which is the largest telecom fraud network to date.FindingsThe authors’ proposed method achieved better results than traditional centrality indices and various deep random walk algorithms and successfully identified key roles in a fraud network.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used co-offending and flight record to construct a criminal network, more interpersonal relationships of fraudsters, such as friendships and relatives, can be included in the future.Originality/valueThis paper proposed a novel algorithm, centrality-guided deep random walk, and applied it to a new telecom fraud data set. Experimental results show that the authors’ method can successfully identify the key roles in a fraud group and outperform other baseline methods. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the largest analysis of telecom fraud network to date.

A theoretical analysis of sex differences in same-sex friendships

Sex Roles ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth ◽  
Bill N. Kinder
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Same Sex

Sex Differences in Verbal Operant Conditioning

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Cieutat
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Small Group Discussions ◽  
Verbal Operant ◽  
Conditioning Extinction

Two studies concerned effects of sex of Ss, sex of E, positive vs negative reinforcement (i.e., attention vs inattention), and time trends, on the conditioning and extinction of participation in structured and unstructured small group discussions. Previous results indicated reinforcement is effective only when administered by an E of the same sex as Ss. Present results did not support this expectation and also were not consistent with each other. Exp. I was partly consistent with expectation only when E was male; no conditioning was obtained by female Es. For Exp. II only the female E produced conditioning. Extinction effects in both experiments were inconsistent with expectation. In an earlier study (Cieutat, 1962) and in both Exps. I and II the same four factors were evaluated with some design modification, and were found to interact complexly and significantly ( p < .01, < .10, < .10, respectively). These interactions between sex of E, sex of Ss, reinforcement, and time, though significant in three independent evaluations, were so because of different trends in each case. These differences are discussed in terms of uncontrolled personality differences between Es and Ss.

scholarly journals Coercive Control: Update and Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Stark ◽  
Marianne Hester
Keyword(s):  
Problem Area ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
Male Homosexual ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

This article reviews the background, introduction, and critical response to new criminal offenses of coercive control in England/Wales and Scotland. How the new Scottish offense is implemented will determine whether it can overcome the shortcomings of the English law. We then review new evidence on four dimensions of coercive control: the relationship between “control” and “violence,” coercive control in same-sex couples, measuring coercive control, and children’s experience of coercive control. Coercive control is not a type of violence. Indeed, level of control predicts a range of negative outcomes heretofore associated with physical abuse, including post-separation violence and sexual assault; important differences in coercive control dynamics distinguish male homosexual from lesbian couples; measuring coercive control requires innovative ways of aggregating and categorizing data; and how children experience coercive control is a problem area that offers enormous promise for the years ahead.

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