The Concentration, Gene Expression, and Spatial Distribution of Aggrecan in Canine Articular Cartilage, Meniscus, and Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments: A New Molecular Distinction Between Hyaline Cartilage and Fibrocartilage in the Knee Joint

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manojkumar Valiyaveettil ◽  
John S. Mort ◽  
Cahir A. McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments

Histological Features of Osteoarthritis in a State of Decompensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Timur B. Minasov ◽  
Ekaterina R. Yakupova ◽  
Dilmurod Ruziboev ◽  
Ruslan M. Vakhitov-Kovalevich ◽  
Ruslan F. Khairutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Social Significance

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main reasons for decreased mobility in patients of the older age group. Increasing the life expectancy leads to predominance non-epidemic pathology in all developed countries. Therefore, degenerative diseases of musculoskeletal system have not only medical significance but also social significance. Objective is studying the morphological features of synovial environment of the decompensated osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint. Structural features of subchondral bone, hyaline cartilage of the femur and tibia, the articular capsule, menisci and ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint were studied in 64 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Bashkirian State Medical University in the period from 2015 to 2020. Material selection, preparation of histological samples, staining with hematoxylin-eosin, microscopy was performed. Adaptive signs of articular cartilage of the femoral condyles manifest in the form of cartilage tissue rearrangement, which are most pronounced in the central zone of the cartilage. At the same time, the phenomena of decompensation and significant areas of destruction are noted. Also, the subchondral bone was replaced with connective tissue with subsequent sclerosis. This sclerosis subsequently led to the decompensation of structures of the hyaline cartilage in the deep and middle zones. Destructive and dystrophic processes were noted in the knee joint menisci. Articular cartilage was replaced with granulation tissue with subsequent invasion of blood vessels. Cruciate ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation due to expansion of endothenonium layers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

Morphological aspects of decompensated osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Timur Bulatovich Minasov ◽  
Aleksey Evgenievich Strizhkov ◽  
Ekaterina Rishatovna Yakupova ◽  
Ruslan Maratovich Vakhitov-Kovalevich ◽  
Elvina Ilshatovna Mukhametzyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Reduced Mobility

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main causes of reduced mobility in patients of an older age group. The purpose of the research: to study the morphological features of the elements of the synovial environment of the knee joint against the background of decompensated osteoarthritis (OA). Signs of adaptation of the articular cartilage of the condyles of the femur in the form of restructuring of the cartilage tissue were revealed. The processes of replacing the subchondral bone with connective tissue followed by sclerosing, which subsequently led to decompensation of the structures of hyaline cartilage, were also revealed. Destructive-dystrophic processes in the menisci of the knee joint were noted. Collateral ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation in the form of an expansion of the endotendineum interlayers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in microRNAs expression in cruciate ligaments of wild-stock house mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Ashraf Kharaz ◽  
Katarzyna Goljanek Whysall ◽  
Gareth Nye ◽  
Jane Hurst ◽  
Anne Mcardle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Wild Stock ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Aim: Cruciate ligaments (CLs) of the knee joint are commonly injured following trauma or ageing. MicroRNAs (miRs) are potential therapeutic targets in musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to 1) identify if wild-stock house (WSH) mice are an appropriate model to study age-related changes of the knee joint and 2) investigate expression of miRs in ageing murine CLs. Methods: Knee joints were collected from 6 and 24 months old C57BL/6 and WSH mice (Mus musculus domesticus) for histological analysis. RNA extraction and qPCR gene expression were performed on CLs in 6, 12, 24, and 30 month WSH old mice. Expression of miR targets in CLs was determined, followed by analysis of predicted mRNA target genes and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results: Higher CL and knee OARSI histological scores were found in 24 month old WSH mice compared to 6 and 12 month old C57BL/6 and 6 month old WSH mice (p< 0.05). miR-29a and miR-34a were upregulated in 30 month-old WSH mice in comparison to 6, 12 and 24-month-old WSH mice (p<0.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis on miR-29a and 34a targets was associated with inflammation through interleukins, TGFβ and Notch genes and p53 signalling. Collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) correlated negatively with both miR-29a (r= -0.35) and miR-34a (r= -0.33). Conclusion: The findings of this study support WSH house mice as an accelerated ageing model of the murine knee joint. This study also indicated that miR-29a and 34a may be important regulators of COL1A1 gene expression in murine CLs.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment of the Knee Joint Structures in Young Men and Men of the First Period of Adulthood Using Sonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
L. A. Udochkina ◽  
E. B. Grinberg ◽  
T. G. Galushko
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Age Related

The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess the structure of the knee joint in young men and men of the first period of adulthood with normosthenic constitution using the ultrasonography technique.Material and methods. V.V. Bunak anthropometry technique (1941), B.A. Nikityuk and V.P. Chtetsov somatotyping (1990) and clinical examination of patients were used to form study groups, 25 people each with Pignet index from 17 to 23 without chronic diseases and pathology of the knee joint. Complex ultrasound examination was performed using ultrasound scanners "Sonoline G-60", Siemens (Germany), and Aloka 5500 Pro-Sound (Japan) with a linear transducer, 10 MHz frequency, and a convex transducer, 3.5 MHz frequency, in Ortho, Carotid and Abdomen modes with the "ZOOM" function. Morphometry was carried out using reference points. The obtained data were statistically processed by methods of variation statistics with a significance level of P≤0.05.Results. There was detected a significant increase in the transverse and vertical dimensions of the condyles of the femur, and an increase in the thickness of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in men of the first period of adulthood compared with the young men. The articular cartilage tended to restructure, this was manifested in thinning of its hypoechoic component and thickening of the hyperechoic component; the appearance of surface defects was more pronounced on the tibia. Ultrasound examination did not reveal age-related changes in the menisci of the knee joint, patellar ligaments and collateral ligaments.Conclusion. Ultrasound examination of the knee joint in young men and men of the first period of adulthood allowed establishing age-related transformations of the condyles of the femur, cruciate ligaments and articular cartilage.

MOLECULAR CONTROL OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DEGENERATION BY TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Tom Appleton ◽  
Shirine Usmani ◽  
John Mort ◽  
Frank Beier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Articular Cartilage Degeneration

Background: Articular cartilage degeneration is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). We previously identified increased expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF?) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in articular cartilage from a rat modelof OA (1,2). We subsequently reported that TGF? signalling modified chondrocyte cytoskeletal organization, increased catabolic and decreased anabolic gene expression and suppressed Sox9. Due to other roles in chondrocytes, we hypothesized that the effects ofTGF? on chondrocytes are mediated by Rho/ROCK and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Methods: Primary cultures of chondrocytes and articularosteochondral explants were treated with pharmacological inhibitors of MEK1/2(U0126), ROCK (Y27632), Rho (C3), p38 MAPK (SB202190) and PI3K (LY294002) to elucidate pathway involvement. Results: Using G-LISA we determined that stimulation of primary chondrocytes with TGF? activates RhoA. Reciprocally, inhibition of RhoA/ROCK but not other signalling pathways prevents modification of the actin cytoskeleton in responseto TGF?. Inhibition of MEK/ERKsignaling rescued suppression of anabolic gene expression by TGF? including SOX9 mRNA and protein levels. Inhibition of MEK/ERK, Rho/ROCK, p38 MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways differentially controlled the induction of MMP13 and TNF? gene expression. TGF? also induced expression of CCL2 specifically through MEK/ERK activation. In turn, CCL2 treatment induced the expression of MMP3 and TNF?. Finally, we assessed cartilage degradation by immunohistochemical detection of type II collagen cleavage fragments generated by MMPs. Blockade of RhoA/ROCK and MEK/ERK signalling pathways reduced the generation of type IIcollagen cleavage fragments in response to TGF? stimulation. Conclusions: Rho/ROCK signalling mediates TGF?-induced changes inchondrocyte morphology, while MEK/ERK signalling mediates the suppression ofSox9 and its target genes, and CCL2 expression. CCL2, in turn, induces the expression of MMP3 and TNF?, two potent catabolic factors known to be involved in OA. These pathways may represent strategic targets for interventional approaches to treating cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. References: 1. Appleton CTG et al. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:1854-68. 2. Appleton CTG et al. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56:3693-705.

scholarly journals Species diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors: assessing bioclimatic effect on expression plasticity of genes possessing vaccine properties isolated from wild-collected sand flies in endemic areas of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bordbar ◽  
Parviz Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Risk Maps

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is one of the ten most important neglected tropical diseases worldwide. Understanding the distribution of vectors of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis (VL/CL) is one of the significant strategic frameworks to control leishmaniasis. In this study, the extent of the bioclimatic variability was investigated to recognize a rigorous cartographic of the spatial distribution of VL/CL vectors as risk-maps using ArcGIS modeling system. Moreover, the effect of bioclimatic diversity on the fold change expression of genes possessing vaccine traits (SP15 and LeIF) was evaluated in each bioclimatic region using real-time PCR analysis. Methods The Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation method was used to obtain accurate geography map in closely-related distances. Bioclimatic indices were computed and vectors spatial distribution was analyzed in ArcGIS10.3.1 system. Species biodiversity was calculated based on Shannon diversity index using Rv.3.5.3. Expression fold change of SP15 and LeIF genes was evaluated using cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR analysis. Results Frequency of Phlebotomus papatasi was predominant in plains areas of Mountainous bioclimate covering the CL hot spots. Mediterranean region was recognized as an important bioclimate harboring prevalent patterns of VL vectors. Semi-arid bioclimate was identified as a major contributing factor to up-regulate salivary-SP15 gene expression (P = 0.0050, P < 0.05). Also, Mediterranean bioclimate had considerable effect on up-regulation of Leishmania-LeIF gene in gravid and semi-gravid P. papatasi population (P = 0.0109, P < 0.05). Conclusions The diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors associated with bioclimatic regionalization obtained in our research provide epidemiological risk maps and establish more effectively control measures against leishmaniasis. Oscillations in gene expression indicate that each gene has its own features, which are profoundly affected by bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies. Given the efficacy of species-specific antigens for vaccine production, it is essential to consider bioclimatic factors that have a fundamental role in affecting the regulatory regions of environmentally responsive loci for genes used in vaccine design.

Ultrasound diagnosis of pathology of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee joint

1991 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Suzuki ◽  
K. Kasahara ◽  
T. Futami ◽  
R. Iwasaki ◽  
T. Ueo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnosis ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments
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