Morphological aspects of decompensated osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Timur Bulatovich Minasov ◽  
Aleksey Evgenievich Strizhkov ◽  
Ekaterina Rishatovna Yakupova ◽  
Ruslan Maratovich Vakhitov-Kovalevich ◽  
Elvina Ilshatovna Mukhametzyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Reduced Mobility

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main causes of reduced mobility in patients of an older age group. The purpose of the research: to study the morphological features of the elements of the synovial environment of the knee joint against the background of decompensated osteoarthritis (OA). Signs of adaptation of the articular cartilage of the condyles of the femur in the form of restructuring of the cartilage tissue were revealed. The processes of replacing the subchondral bone with connective tissue followed by sclerosing, which subsequently led to decompensation of the structures of hyaline cartilage, were also revealed. Destructive-dystrophic processes in the menisci of the knee joint were noted. Collateral ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation in the form of an expansion of the endotendineum interlayers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

Histological Features of Osteoarthritis in a State of Decompensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Timur B. Minasov ◽  
Ekaterina R. Yakupova ◽  
Dilmurod Ruziboev ◽  
Ruslan M. Vakhitov-Kovalevich ◽  
Ruslan F. Khairutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Social Significance

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main reasons for decreased mobility in patients of the older age group. Increasing the life expectancy leads to predominance non-epidemic pathology in all developed countries. Therefore, degenerative diseases of musculoskeletal system have not only medical significance but also social significance. Objective is studying the morphological features of synovial environment of the decompensated osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint. Structural features of subchondral bone, hyaline cartilage of the femur and tibia, the articular capsule, menisci and ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint were studied in 64 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Bashkirian State Medical University in the period from 2015 to 2020. Material selection, preparation of histological samples, staining with hematoxylin-eosin, microscopy was performed. Adaptive signs of articular cartilage of the femoral condyles manifest in the form of cartilage tissue rearrangement, which are most pronounced in the central zone of the cartilage. At the same time, the phenomena of decompensation and significant areas of destruction are noted. Also, the subchondral bone was replaced with connective tissue with subsequent sclerosis. This sclerosis subsequently led to the decompensation of structures of the hyaline cartilage in the deep and middle zones. Destructive and dystrophic processes were noted in the knee joint menisci. Articular cartilage was replaced with granulation tissue with subsequent invasion of blood vessels. Cruciate ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation due to expansion of endothenonium layers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Stress distribution in the knee joint in relation to tibiofemoral angle using the finite element method

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 07007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Karpiński ◽  
Łukasz Jaworski ◽  
Józef Jonak ◽  
Przemysław Krakowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Element Method

The article presents the results of a preliminary study on the structural analysis of the knee joint, considering changes in the mechanical properties of the articular cartilage of the joint. Studies have been made due to the need to determine the tension distribution occurring in the cartilage of the human knee. This distribution could be the starting point for designing custom made human knee prosthesis. Basic anatomy, biomechanical analysis of the knee joint and articular cartilage was introduced. Based on a series of computed tomography [CT] scans, the 3D model of human knee joint was reverse-engineered, processed and exported to CAD software. The static mechanical analysis of the knee joint model was conducted using the finite element method [FEM], in three different values of tibiofemoral angle and with varying mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue. Main conclusions of the study are: the capability to absorb loads by articular cartilage of the knee joint is preliminary determined as decreasing with increasing degenerations of the cartilage and with age of a patient. Without further information on changes of cartilage’s mechanical parameters in time it is hard to determine the nature of relation between mentioned capability and these parameters.

scholarly journals Targeting Polymeric Nanobiomaterials as a Platform for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 1915-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomarien García-Couce ◽  
Amisel Almirall ◽  
Gastón Fuentes ◽  
Eric Kaijzel ◽  
Alan Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Connective Tissue Structure

Articular cartilage is a connective tissue structure that is found in anatomical areas that are important for the movement of the human body. Osteoarthritis is the ailment that most often affects the articular cartilage. Due to its poor intrinsic healing capacity, damage to the articular cartilage is highly detrimental and at present the reconstructive options for its repair are limited. Tissue engineering and the science of nanobiomaterials are two lines of research that together can contribute to the restoration of damaged tissue. The science of nanobiomaterials focuses on the development of different nanoscale structures that can be used as carriers of drugs / cells to treat and repair damaged tissues such as articular cartilage. This review article is an overview of the composition of articular cartilage, the causes and treatments of osteoarthritis, with a special emphasis on nanomaterials as carriers of drugs and cells, which reduce inflammation, promote the activation of biochemical factors and ultimately contribute to the total restoration of articular cartilage.

scholarly journals THE NEW PLASTIC METHOD OF ARTICULAR HYALINE CARTILAGE DEFECTS WITH COMBINED CELLULAR-TISSUE GRAFT

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
G. P. Kotelnikov ◽  
L. T. Volova ◽  
Yu. V. Lartsev ◽  
D. A. Dolgushkin ◽  
M. A. Terteryan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Porous Carrier

The new method of restoration of injured articular cartilage using plasty of intraoperative bone-cartilage defects with combined allograft based on biologic porous carrier and cell culture from stroma of costal cartilage. The transplantation of allogenic culture of chondroblast cells on demineralized spongy substance «Lioplast» ensure еру the formation of hyaline cartilage tissue on the site of defect and amplified development of microcirculatory network in subchondral bone. The heterotopic principle obtaining cellular material allows to perform low-traumatic operations.

scholarly journals Original Functional Rehabilitation Programme Based on Healing Physiology After Reconstruction of Articular Cartilage in Knee Joint

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0018
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Guliyan ◽  
Marcin Plenzler ◽  
Dariusz Straszewski ◽  
Marcin Paśnik ◽  
Olga Korbolewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Medial Femoral Condyle ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
The Right

Objectives: The evaluation of the quality of articular cartilage remodelling by means of arthroscopy findings and MRI imaging in a patient, who completed the original rehabilitation program. Methods: The rehabilitation program was conducted according to the Carolina Medical Center rehabilitation protocol. The patient was a 46 years old woman with fourth-degree cartilage damage (Outerbridge classification) located on the right medial femoral condyle of the following size: 1.5x2cm and 1x1.5cm. An arthroscopic micro-fracture repair of the cartilage was performed on the medial femoral condyle of the right knee. After the surgery the original rehabilitation program has been divided into 4 stages based on biological aspects of the physiology of cartilage tissue healing and biomechanics of the knee joint. 18 months after the reconstruction and a complete rehabilitation program, the patient underwent another right knee arthroscopy. During the surgery cartilage was been reevaluated in vivo. A pre-operative MRI was made, as well as a post-operative one after the second arthroscopy. The aim of the MRI examination was to objectify the treatment’s results. Results: The applied surgical treatment and following rehabilitation resulted in the remodelling of the cartilage-like tissue, which was observed in, both, the arthroscopy and the MRI imaging. The MRI evaluation of the quality of the cartilage tissue 18 months after the reconstruction gave very good results according to the MOCART scale (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue). Conclusion: The positive results of the cartilage remodelling process recorded after the application of the original rehabilitation programme encourages to continue the study on a larger group of patients.

scholarly journals Ubiquitin-protein ligase Ubr5 cooperates with Hedgehog signalling to promote skeletal tissue homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mellis ◽  
Katherine A Staines ◽  
Silvia Peluso ◽  
Ioanna Ch. Georgiou ◽  
Natalie Dora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽  
Hh Signaling

AbstractMammalian Hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis and its deregulation is linked to rheumatological disorders. UBR5 is the mammalian homologue of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Hyd, a negative regulator of the Hh-pathway in Drosophila. To investigate a possible role of UBR5 in regulation of the musculoskeletal system through modulation of mammalian HH signaling, we created a mouse model for specific loss of Ubr5 function in limb bud mesenchyme. Our findings revealed a role for UBR5 in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and suppressing metaplasia. Ubr5 loss of function resulted in progressive and dramatic articular cartilage degradation, enlarged, abnormally shaped sesamoid bones and extensive heterotopic tissue metaplasia linked to calcification of tendons and ossification of synovium. Genetic suppression of smoothened (Smo), a key mediator of HH signalling, dramatically enhanced the Ubr5 mutant phenotype. Analysis of HH signalling in both mouse and cell model systems revealed that loss of Ubr5 stimulated canonical HH-signalling while also increasing PKA activity. In addition, human osteoarthritic samples revealed similar correlations between UBR5 expression, canonical HH signalling and PKA activity markers. Our studies identified a crucial function for the Ubr5 gene in the maintenance of skeletal tissue homeostasis and an unexpected mode of regulation of the HH signalling pathway.Author SummaryUbiquitin ligases modify proteins post-translationally which is essential for a variety of cellular processes. UBR5 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and in Drosophila is a regulator of Hedgehog signaling. In mammals, the Hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway, among many other roles, plays an essential role in tissue maintenance, a process called homeostasis. A murine genetic system was developed to specifically eliminate UBR5 function from embryonic limb tissue that subsequently forms bone and connective tissue (ligaments and tendons). This approach revealed that UBR5 operates as a potent suppressor of excessive growth of normal cartilage and bone and prevents formation of bone in ectopic sites in connective tissue near the knees and ankle joints. In contrast to abnormal growth, UBR5 inhibits degradation of the articular cartilage that cushions the knee joint leading to extensive exposure of underlying bone. Furthermore, Ubr5 interacts with smoothened, a component of the HH pathway, identifying UBR5 as a regulator of mammalian HH signaling in the postnatal musculoskeletal system. In summary, this work shows that UBR5 interacts with the HH pathway to regulate skeletal homeostasis in and around joints of the legs and identifies targets that may be harnessed for biomedical engineering and clinical applications.

scholarly journals Main and Minor Types of Collagens in the Articular Cartilage: The Role of Collagens in Repair Tissue Evaluation in Chondral Defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13329
Author(s):  
Lourdes Alcaide-Ruggiero ◽  
Verónica Molina-Hernández ◽  
M. M. Granados ◽  
J. M. Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collagen Types ◽  
Chondral Defects ◽  
Healthy Cartilage ◽  
Hyaline Articular Cartilage

Several collagen subtypes have been identified in hyaline articular cartilage. The main and most abundant collagens are type II, IX and XI collagens. The minor and less abundant collagens are type III, IV, V, VI, X, XII, XIV, XVI, XXII, and XXVII collagens. All these collagens have been found to play a key role in healthy cartilage, regardless of whether they are more or less abundant. Additionally, an exhaustive evaluation of collagen fibrils in a repaired cartilage tissue after a chondral lesion is necessary to determine the quality of the repaired tissue and even whether or not this repaired tissue is considered hyaline cartilage. Therefore, this review aims to describe in depth all the collagen types found in the normal articular cartilage structure, and based on this, establish the parameters that allow one to consider a repaired cartilage tissue as a hyaline cartilage.

SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE UNDER ROLLING-COMPRESSION LOAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950054
Author(s):  
XIUPING YANG ◽  
FENGJU SUN ◽  
LONGTAO WANG ◽  
CHUNQIU ZHANG ◽  
XIZHENG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Static State ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Knee Joint Motion

Solute transport is one of the important aspects involved in maintaining the physiological activity of tissues. The mechanical environment drives nutrition in and waste out in articular cartilage due to its avascularity, which plays a key role in the biological activity of articular cartilage. The human knee joint motion is a complex interaction between different bones including relative rolling and/or sliding movements. Rolling-compression process is a typical physiological load in knee joint motion. To investigate solute transport behavior in articular cartilage under rolling-compression load, fluorescence tracers with molecular weights of 40kDa and 0.43kDa were used respectively to mark the transport in fresh articular cartilage of mature pigs. Solute fluorescence intensity changing with time and depth of cartilage layer was measured under rolling-compression load and static state, respectively, and the distribution of corresponding relative concentration was calculated by the fluorescence microscope imaging method. The experiment results show that the solute relative concentration in articular cartilage under rolling-compression load increases significantly, even up to 62.4%, comparing with that under static state, and the changes of concentration vary in different layers and that small molecular weight solute is easier to transport than relatively large molecular weight solute in articular cartilage. Therefore, rolling-compression load can promote the solute transport in cartilage, and the mechanical loading may have application in functional cartilage tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Trends in Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: 3D Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets as Candidates for Engineered Hyaline-Like Cartilage

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Hallie Thorp ◽  
Kyungsook Kim ◽  
Makoto Kondo ◽  
Travis Maak ◽  
David W. Grainger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Defect Sites

Articular cartilage defects represent an inciting factor for future osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative joint disease progression. Despite multiple clinically available therapies that succeed in providing short term pain reduction and restoration of limited mobility, current treatments do not reliably regenerate native hyaline cartilage or halt cartilage degeneration at these defect sites. Novel therapeutics aimed at addressing limitations of current clinical cartilage regeneration therapies increasingly focus on allogeneic cells, specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as potent, banked, and available cell sources that express chondrogenic lineage commitment capabilities. Innovative tissue engineering approaches employing allogeneic MSCs aim to develop three-dimensional (3D), chondrogenically differentiated constructs for direct and immediate replacement of hyaline cartilage, improve local site tissue integration, and optimize treatment outcomes. Among emerging tissue engineering technologies, advancements in cell sheet tissue engineering offer promising capabilities for achieving both in vitro hyaline-like differentiation and effective transplantation, based on controlled 3D cellular interactions and retained cellular adhesion molecules. This review focuses on 3D MSC-based tissue engineering approaches for fabricating “ready-to-use” hyaline-like cartilage constructs for future rapid in vivo regenerative cartilage therapies. We highlight current approaches and future directions regarding development of MSC-derived cartilage therapies, emphasizing cell sheet tissue engineering, with specific focus on regulating 3D cellular interactions for controlled chondrogenic differentiation and post-differentiation transplantation capabilities.

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