Fish protein intake induces fast-muscle hypertrophy and reduces liver lipids and serum glucose levels in rats

AbstractGinseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is commonly used as an herbal remedy worldwide. Few studies have explored the possible physiological changes in the liver although patients often self-medicate with ginseng preparations, which may lead to exceeding the recommended dose for long-term administration. Here, we analyzed changes in the hepatic proteins of mouse livers using quantitative proteomics after sub-chronic administration of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract (control group and 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg KRG) using tandem mass tag (TMT) 6‐plex technology. The 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg KRG groups exhibited signs of liver injury, including increased levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum. Furthermore, serum glucose levels were significantly higher following KRG administration compared with the control group. Based on the upregulated proteins found in the proteomic analysis, we found that increased cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) levels promoted greater hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthesis in the liver. This investigation provides novel evidence that sub-chronic administration of KRG can elevate H2S production by increasing protein expression of CBS and CSE in the liver.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Distribution of dietary protein intake in daily meals influences skeletal muscle hypertrophy via the muscle clock.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.740438538.793587104 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kimberly A Huey

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Muscle Hypertrophy ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Download Full-text

Effect of Resistance Training and Fish Protein Intake on Motor Unit Firing Pattern and Motor Function of Elderly

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2018.01733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kohei Watanabe ◽

Aleš Holobar ◽

Yukiko Mita ◽

Motoki Kouzaki ◽

Madoka Ogawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Motor Unit ◽

Motor Function ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Firing Pattern ◽

Fish Protein ◽

Motor Unit Firing

Download Full-text

The Frequent Adiponutrin (PNPLA3) Variant p.Ile148Met Is Associated with Early Liver Injury: Analysis of a German Pediatric Cohort

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2015/205079 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcin Krawczyk ◽

Roman Liebe ◽

Ina B. Maier ◽

Anna Janina Engstler ◽

Frank Lammert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Entire Study ◽

Metabolic Traits ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Common ◽

German Children

Introduction.The common adiponutrin (PNPLA3) variant p.Ile148Met is associated with liver injury. Here, we investigate the association of this polymorphism with hepatic and metabolic traits in a pediatric cohort.Patients and Methods.The study cohort comprised 142 German children (age 5–9 years, 98 overweight, 19 children with NAFLD).Results.Overweight children presented with increased serum ALT (P=0.001) and GGT (P<0.001) activities. ALT activities differed significantly (P=0.02) between carriers of differentPNPLA3genotypes in the entire study cohort, in normal weight children (P=0.02) and in children younger than 7 years (P=0.02). Carriers of the prosteatoticPNPLA3genotype p.148Met/Met displayed higher ALT activities as compared to children with the frequent genotype p.148Ile/Ile (P=0.01). The BMI was however a stronger predictor of ALT activities compared to thePNPLA3genotype (P<0.001andP=0.06, resp.). The variant was associated with increased serum glucose levels (P=0.01) and HOMA index (P=0.02) in carriers of the p.148Ile/Met genotype but did not affect other metabolic traits or the presence of NAFLD.Discussion.The frequentPNPLA3variant p.Ile148Met is associated with serum ALT activities already at a young age.

Download Full-text

Hypothalamic noradrenergic and sympathoadrenal control of glycemia after stress

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1989.256.2.e231 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 256 (2) ◽

pp. E231-E235

Author(s):

G. A. Smythe ◽

W. S. Pascoe ◽

L. H. Storlien

Keyword(s):

Insulin Release ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Neural Pathways ◽

Swim Stress ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Positive Correlations

Central noradrenergic pathways play a significant role in mediating blood glucose levels after neuroglycopenia. To further investigate hypothalamic noradrenergic neuronal activity (NNA) and sympathoadrenal influences in glucoregulation, we studied the effects of acute stress on glycemia and insulin release in normal and adrenalectomized (ADRX) rats. Within 5 min of exposure of rats to ether or cold-swim stress, significant positive correlations were evident between hypothalamic NNA and serum glucose levels (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001; at 15 min r = 0.78, P less than 0.0001). Five minutes after stress in the intact rat, insulin release was inhibited and serum insulin levels inversely correlated to hypothalamic NNA (r = 0.45, P less than 0.05). This relationship between insulin and NNA was no longer present 15 min after stress, but the levels of insulin remained inappropriately low with respect to the elevated serum glucose levels (approximately 30% above basal). Blockade of sympathetic noradrenergic pathways by treatment of intact rats with guanethidine prevented the rise in glucose after cold-swim stress but did not prevent the inhibition of insulin release. Fifteen minutes after exposure of ADRX rats to cold-swim stress their hypothalamic NNA and serum glucose levels were similar to intact animals. However, in contrast to their intact counterparts, serum insulin levels were significantly elevated (P less than 0.01). These data are consistent with central noradrenergic neural pathways directly mediating hepatic glucose release and indirectly inhibiting pancreatic insulin release via activation of adrenal medullary catecholamines.

Download Full-text

Endothelial dysfunction precedes hypertension in diet-induced insulin resistance

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.3.r788 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 275 (3) ◽

pp. R788-R792 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Prasad V. G. Katakam ◽

Michael R. Ujhelyi ◽

Margarethe E. Hoenig ◽

Allison Winecoff Miller

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Glucose Levels

The insulin-resistant (IR) syndrome may be an impetus for the development of hypertension (HTN). Unfortunately, the mechanism by which this could occur is unclear. Our laboratory and others have described impaired endothelium-mediated relaxation in IR, mildly hypertensive rats. The purpose of the current study is to determine if HTN is most likely a cause or result of impaired endothelial function. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive a fructose-rich diet for 3, 7, 10, 14, 18, or 28 days or were placed in a control group. The control group received rat chow. After diet treatment, animals were instrumented with arterial cannulas, and while awake and unrestrained, their blood pressure (BP) was measured. Subsequently, endothelium-mediated relaxation to acetylcholine was determined (in vitro) by measuring intraluminal diameter of phenylephrine-preconstricted mesenteric arteries (∼250 μM). Serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in all groups receiving fructose feeding compared with control, whereas there were no differences in serum glucose levels between groups. Impairment of endothelium-mediated relaxation starts by day 14 [mean percent maximal relaxation (Emax): 69 ± 10% of baseline] and becomes significant by day 18 (Emax: 52 ± 11% of baseline; P < 0.01). However, the mean BP (mmHg) does not become significantly elevated until day 28 [BP: 132 ± 1 ( day 28) vs. 116 ± 3 (control); P < 0.05]. These findings demonstrate that both IR and endothelial dysfunction occur before HTN in this model and suggest that endothelial dysfunction may be a mechanism linking insulin resistance and essential HTN.

Download Full-text

Dexamethasone Administration in Mice Leads to Less Body Weight Gain over Time, Lower Serum Glucose, and Higher Insulin Levels Independently of NRF2

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox11010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Fotini Filippopoulou ◽

George I. Habeos ◽

Vagelis Rinotas ◽

Antonia Sophocleous ◽

Gerasimos P. Sykiotis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Dexamethasone Treatment ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

High Insulin

Glucocorticoids are used widely on a long-term basis in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Their adverse effects include the development of hyperglycemia and osteoporosis, whose molecular mechanisms have been only partially studied in preclinical models. Both these glucocorticoid-induced pathologies have been shown to be mediated at least in part by oxidative stress. The transcription factor nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 (NRF2) is a central regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective responses. Thus, we hypothesized that NRF2 may play a role in glucocorticoid-induced metabolic disease and osteoporosis. To this end, WT and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2KO) mice of both genders were treated with 2 mg/kg dexamethasone or vehicle 3 times per week for 13 weeks. Dexamethasone treatment led to less weight gain during the treatment period without affecting food consumption, as well as to lower glucose levels and high insulin levels compared to vehicle-treated mice. Dexamethasone also reduced cortical bone volume and density. All these effects of dexamethasone were similar between male and female mice, as well as between WT and Nrf2KO mice. Hepatic NRF2 signaling and gluconeogenic gene expression were not affected by dexamethasone. A 2-day dexamethasone treatment was also sufficient to increase insulin levels without affecting body weight and glucose levels. Hence, dexamethasone induces hyperinsulinemia, which potentially leads to decreased glucose levels, as well as osteoporosis, both independently of NRF2.

Download Full-text

The Effect of different Concentration of Fish Meat on Texture, Nutrition and Sensory of ‘Tahu bakso’ made from Tilapia (Oreochromish niloticus)

Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.17844/jphpi.v19i3.14550 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 214

Author(s):

Tri Winarni Agustini ◽

Yosomenggolo Sastro Darmanto ◽

Ima Wijayanti ◽

Putut Har Riyadi

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fish Protein ◽

Fish Meat ◽

Central Java ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

Local Protein

Central Java is popular for soybean tofu and one of its diversification product is ‘tahu bakso’which is very famous in Central Java especially Semarang. ‘Tahu bakso’ generally produce from beef, whereas nile fish meat has a potential to be used as raw material to replace beef in producing ‘tahu bakso’. Utilisation of nile fish meat can support fish protein intake by community as well as for promoting local protein resource. The aims of this study was to observe the effect of different concentration of fish meat on physical, chemical and sensory characteristic of ‘tahu bakso’. The parameters evaluated include texture (hardness, deformation, gel strength), proximate (protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash and water), and sensory (hedonic test) of the product resulted. This study used experimental laboratory by using Completely Randomised Design with Anova (p<0,05). The treatments covers: different concentration of fish meat (30%, 40% and 50%). Treatment with highest hardness and gel strength was performed by 30% concentration with the value of 530.88 g.cm. Whereas treatment 40% concentration has highest deformation of 23.47 mm, and has no significant different to 50% concentration. Based on analysis of variance, different concentration of fishmeat gave significant effect on characteristic of proximate especially on protein and fat (p<0.05) but has no significant effect on water and ash content (p>0.05). Different concentration of fish meat has no significant effect on hedonic of ‘tahu bakso’ resulted. Overall ‘tahu bakso’ made from nile meat with 50% concentration is considered to be the most preferred by panelist, but the overall value has no significant different to 40% concentration. Therefore, it is concluded that concentration 40% of fish meat is considered as the best treatment for producing ‘tahu bakso’ with respect to texture, nutrition, sensory attributes. ‘y

Download Full-text