The effects of local authority fiscal decisions on population levels in urban areas

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Cuthbertson ◽  
James Foreman-Peck ◽  
Peter Gripaios
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority

SYSTEMATIC INVENTORY FOR HERITAGE SHOPHOUSE FACADES IN IPOH, PERAK, MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Nordiana Wan Ali ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Building Facades

Nowadays, many heritage shophouses remain intact in major urban areas in Malaysia, including Ipoh, Perak. These architectural assets are significant as they portray the glory and achievements of Ipoh over the centuries. However, some shophouses face inappropriate façade changes due to improper conservation activities performed on the heritage properties. These situations have resulted in the phenomenon of inconsistency elements of building facades. Therefore, this paper focuses on two aspects regarding heritage shophouse facades; first, developing the taxonomy of architectural styles according to the tangible elements, and second, classifying and grading the architectural styles. Then, an inventory form named eFakad was developed as a tool to evaluate 65 shophouses at Jalan Sultan Iskandar, Ipoh. The result shows that 49% of facades are in excellent condition, but the rest of the facades need to be conserved and maintained, particularly roof finishes, windows and doors. By applying eFakad inventory form, the documentation and conservation management of the heritage shophouses can be done systematically. Consequently, the stakeholders will be aware of the main problems faced by the heritage shophouses through the inventory record and appropriate actions can be taken in preserving the integrity of the facades. Additionally, the local authority may use the information to improve the existing conservation guidelines.

scholarly journals Increasing evenness in the neighbourhood distribution of income poverty in England 2005–2014: Age differences and the influence of private rented housing

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fransham
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Distribution Of Income

A recent change in the geography of poverty in Britain has been reported: it appears to be becoming more evenly distributed in major cities, such that low-income individuals are less likely to be living in the highest poverty areas. Studying all local authority areas in England between 2005 and 2014, this paper finds that this phenomenon is strongly differentiated by age group and local authority type. Poverty amongst children and working age people is becoming more evenly distributed in almost all local authority types, with the largest changes occurring in the most urban areas. The change is strongly associated with the increasing proportion of low-income households living in private sector housing. Conversely, there is evidence of an increasing residential concentration of poverty at older ages. The paper also proposes a method for decomposing a change in rates between changes in the numerator and changes in the denominator. It concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for area effects, area-based initiatives and gentrification by displacement.

scholarly journals Reflections on the implementation of the Gifted and Talented policy in England, 1999–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Brady ◽  
Valsa Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Policy Initiative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gifted And Talented Education ◽  
The Uk

The landscape of gifted and talented education in England has changed in the past decade when the UK government launched an education programme for ‘gifted and talented’ pupils as part of its Excellence in Cities policy initiative. The policy was initially intended to raise educational achievement of higher ability pupils in secondary schools in socially deprived urban areas and was subsequently extended to all age groups and schools in England. This article reports the findings of official reports and reviews and includes the reflections of a local authority adviser of a large education district within a socially deprived area of London. The adviser had the responsibility for implementing the policy through working with schools and practising teachers.

scholarly journals Assessing public participation in water conservation and water demand management in water stressed urban areas: Insights from the City of Gweru, Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
WINMORE KUSENA ◽  
Sumaiya Desai ◽  
Beckedhal Heinz ◽  
Chemura Abel
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Water User ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The City

<p>The paper investigates the level of water user participation in water conservation and demand management in Gweru. Data was solicited from a combination of user opinion and key informants selected from the local authority and citizen representative groups. A household survey including 489 residents was carried out in the different categories of residential areas in the city. Several water conservation and demand management measures were identified. However compliance with the measures was poor. The majority of respondents (98%) were never consulted and did not participate in water decisions. Only a few respondents (2%) participated in water conservation and demand management consultation meetings, an indicator that decision-making was the sole prerogative of the local authority. Awareness in water conservation across residential suburbs was incredibly low irrespective of the socio-economic status of high literacy level recorded in the city. To explain the anomaly, respondents reported low participation (p = 0.078) in water conservation trainings which may have translated into limited conservation literacy. The findings also revealed poor communication channels between the local authority and residents such that water users felt disrespected and disregarded. Unfortunately no initiatives were in place to encourage and enable water user participation in water management. Water conservation and demand management will remain a problem in Gweru as long as there is no point of participation for various stakeholders, especially water users. Active participation channels must be opened in order to create water conservation awareness and good relations for effective participation and sustainable water service delivery.</p>

Being a Programme Authority: Is it Worthwhile?

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl Aldridge ◽  
Christopher J. Brotherton
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up ◽  
City Policy

ABSTRACTNottingham is one of 23 local authorities designated as ‘programme authorities’ under the Inner Urban Areas Act 1978. Between 1983 and 1985 the authors carried out research into the formulation of inner city policy, its application to the Radford area in particular and the opinions of residents there about its impact. Interviews with a wide range of those involved with policy including local authority officers and members and representatives of the police, the health authority and regional Department of the Environment (DoE) revealed considerable institutional and political barriers to a joint inner city strategy in a shire district, even where the same party holds political control. Structures set up to liaise are cordial but clumsy, slow and very much removed from daily service delivery. As elsewhere, the local authorities are critical of lack of central government commitment to this part of the Urban Programme, but nevertheless work well with regional DoE. Paradoxically, however, despite their criticisms of a lack of central funds and of inappropriate spatial and other parameters, the local authority and health authority respondents are anxious for the Programme to continue as it provides both the resources and the justification for innovatory and redistributive projects which would otherwise have been financially and politically impossible.

Privatisation of urban water service provision: the Kenyan experiment

Water Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. K'Akumu ◽  
P. O. Appida
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Set Up

One of the services that have been poorly provided in the urban areas in Kenya is water and sanitation. There are many reasons, which can be attributed to poor provision of water and sanitation as undertaken by the local authorities in Kenya. The path to remedy the poor provision of water and sanitation has been charted in privatisation in the form of commercialisation. Commercialisation in Kenya was first implemented on an experimental basis in three urban areas: Nyeri, Eldoret and Nakuru. This involved formation of a publicly owned water company as an agent of the local authority. The companies formed as a result were set up and operated according to the provisions of the Companies Act chapter 486 of the Laws of Kenya. This paper looks at the genesis of privatisation of water services based on the contributions of GTZ, UWASAM and KFW to an experiment in formulating and implementing privatisation in the three urban areas. The outcome of the experiment is then compared to the current on-going exercise of water privatisation by local authorities. Privatisation of water and sanitation services is expected to solve the problem of poor and inadequate service provision that hitherto characterised urban areas. It would do this by achieving its goals of decentralisation and economic viability. However, the outcome of the experiment indicated that privatisation failed to achieve these two fundamental goals. For that matter, privatisation failed to meet its intended objectives of solving the woes of service provision in urban areas. A close examination of the current privatisation indicates that the operation has again failed to achieve its fundamental goals of decentralisation and economic viability. The failure of the current exercise in meeting the objectives of ridding the urban areas of water woes can therefore be predicted on this basis.

scholarly journals ASSESSING CYCLE LANES USING THE BICYCLE COMPATIBILITY INDEX (BCI) IN SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusfida Ayu Abdullah ◽  
Syifa’Azwa Ahmad Razi ◽  
Na’asah Nasrudin ◽  
Zulkifli Ahmad Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Compatibility Index

The evolution of bicycles is tremendous. Humans recognized its function, importance, and value this non-motorized vehicle as an important part of their daily life. In Malaysia, most urban roads are designed for the motor vehicle therefore cycling is not a greater option for commuting to workplaces. This study aims at assessing the compatibility level of cycle lanes. Section 14, Shah Alam, Malaysia was selected as the case study, and a questionnaire survey utilizing the Simple Random Sampling technique was conducted involving 133 samples. The Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI) was applied to calculate the capability of bicycle lanes. Results demonstrated the weaknesses of bike path infrastructure and its compliance to guidelines. The compatibility level of cycle lanes is still low, therefore, suggesting an enhanced approach to the planning and development of cycle lanes. The outcome of this study can be a guide to the local authority yet applicable to other urban areas.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic profiles, educational attainment and physical activity associated with The Daily Mile™ registration in primary schools in England: a national cross-sectional linkage study

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214203
Author(s):  
Tishya Venkatraman ◽  
Kate Honeyford ◽  
Céire E Costelloe ◽  
Ram Bina ◽  
Esther M F van Sluijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo examine primary school and local authority characteristics associated with registration for The Daily Mile (TDM), an active mile initiative aimed at increasing physical activity in children.DesignA cross-sectional linkage study using routinely collected data.SettingAll state-funded primary schools in England from 2012 to 2018 (n=15,815).Results3,502 of all 15,815 (22.1%) state-funded primary schools in England were registered to do TDM, ranging from 16% in the East Midlands region to 31% in Inner London. Primary schools registered for TDM had larger mean pupil numbers compared with schools that had not registered (300 vs 269, respectively). There was a higher proportion of TDM-registered schools in urban areas compared with non-urban areas. There was local authority variation in the likelihood of school registration (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.094). After adjusting for school and local authority characteristics, schools located in a major urban conurbation (OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.71) urban vs rural) and schools with a higher proportion of disadvantaged pupils had higher odds of being registered for TDM (OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.33)). Area-based physical activity and schools’ educational attainment were not significantly associated with registration to TDM.ConclusionOne in five primary schools in England has registered for TDM since 2012. TDM appears to be a wide-reaching school-based physical activity intervention that is reaching more disadvantaged primary school populations in urban areas where obesity prevalence is highest. TDM-registered schools include those with both high and low educational attainment and are in areas with high and low physical activity.

scholarly journals Quality management applied to analyze the reduction of the pollution which is generated from road transportation in agglomerated urban areas

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Luca L
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
City Development ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Fishbone Diagram ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
Definition Of

This paper uses a quality management tool called the fishbone diagram (Ishikawa diagram), which is based on non-numeric data, to show what solutions are to solve an analyzed problem: the reducing pollution from road transportation in agglomerated urban areas. This study aims to identify the possible, main and secondary causes that could generate the studied problem. The factors that determine the reducing pollution from road transportation are presented. Factors are grouped into several main categories. In the paper a new model of the fishbone diagram which highlights main and secondary categories of potential causes that determine the problem solving is presented. The diagram allows for a clear definition of the problem studied and provides a visual graphical chart of the factors that determine the studied problem. The fishbone diagram provides guidelines for city development to protect the environment and optimizing the level and type of road transport to reduce the pollution phenomenon. The paper aims to group the factors that determine the reducing pollution from road transportation in agglomerated urban areas on main categories, so that appropriate action will subsequently be taken by the main responsible actors. The paper presents four main factors: policies and legislation, local authority management, car manufacturers and car users.

Spatiotemporal Models of Ethnic Segregation and Their Implications for Housing Policy

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1415-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
R I Woods
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Spatial Diffusion ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Spatiotemporal Models

A number of models have been developed to simulate the changing segregation of ethnic groups in urban areas. Of these the ‘tipping point’ and ‘spatial diffusion’ models have been the most widely employed. This discussion presents a general evaluation of the effectiveness of such models and outlines an attempt to simulate changing segregation patterns by combining in-migration, diffusion, and housing structure elements. The simulation is tested with data for Birmingham, England, in the 1960s and 1970s. The general implications of the model for future government and local authority housing policies toward ethnic groups are also considered.

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