scholarly journals Reflections on the implementation of the Gifted and Talented policy in England, 1999–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Brady ◽  
Valsa Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Policy Initiative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gifted And Talented Education ◽  
The Uk

The landscape of gifted and talented education in England has changed in the past decade when the UK government launched an education programme for ‘gifted and talented’ pupils as part of its Excellence in Cities policy initiative. The policy was initially intended to raise educational achievement of higher ability pupils in secondary schools in socially deprived urban areas and was subsequently extended to all age groups and schools in England. This article reports the findings of official reports and reviews and includes the reflections of a local authority adviser of a large education district within a socially deprived area of London. The adviser had the responsibility for implementing the policy through working with schools and practising teachers.

scholarly journals Parenting ‘gifted and talented’ children in urban areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Valsa Koshy ◽  
Carole Portman Smith ◽  
Joanna Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
The Uk

International evidence demonstrates the importance of engaging parents in the education of their ‘high-potential’ children, yet limited research has focused on the involvement of parents from differing economic strata/backgrounds. The current study explored the dilemmas of parenting academically high-ability children from economically deprived urban areas in the UK. Data were gathered from a sample of parents whose children attended a university-based sustained intervention programme for designated ‘gifted’ pupils aged 12–16. Parental perceptions were sought in relation to (a) the usefulness/impact of the intervention programme, (b) parents’ aspirations for their children growing up in economically deprived urban areas and (c) parents’ views on the support provided by the extended family, peer groups and the wider community. The findings have significant implications for both policy and practice and, more specifically, for engaging parents in intervention programmes offered by universities and schools to children in order to increase their access to higher education and for enhancing their life chances.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Age Structure to the Number of Deaths from Covid-19 in the UK by Geographical Units

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hill Kulu ◽  
Peter Dorey
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Geographical Units

AbstractThis study investigates the contribution of population age structure to mortality from Covid-19 in the UK by geographical units. We project death rates at various spatial scales by applying data on age-specific fatality rates to the area’s population by age and sex. Our analysis shows a significant variation in the projected death rates between the constituent countries of the UK, between its regions and within regions. First, Scotland and Wales have higher projected fatality levels from Covid-19 than England, whereas Northern Ireland has lower rate. Second, the infection fatality rates are projected to be substantially higher in small towns and rural areas than those in large urban areas. Third, our analysis shows that within urban regions there are also ‘pockets’ of high projected death rates. Overall, the areas with high and low fatality rates tend to cluster because of the high residential separation of different population age-groups in the UK. Our analysis also reveals that the Welsh-, Gaelic- and Cornish-speaking communities with relatively old populations are likely to experience heavy population losses if the virus spreads widely across the UK.

scholarly journals What about the Urban Periphery? The Effects of the Urban Renaissance in the Mersey Belt

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dembski ◽  
Andreas Schulze Bäing ◽  
Olivier Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Urban Renaissance ◽  
The Past ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
The Uk

Cities in the UK have undergone an urban renaissance since the late 1990s, when New Labour started an initiative of the same name. However, the effects of urban growth have been limited mainly to the cores of second-tier cities, creating new challenges in the urban fringe of city regions and for cities outside the major agglomerations. In this article, we examine the process of reurbanisation in the Manchester and Liverpool city regions and to take a closer look at on one of the local authorities in the fringe of these city regions which is trying to grapple with the challenges posed by a new urban age. We find increasing evidence that places in the spatial in-between of urban regions face particular challenges as a result of the urban renaissance, with the already problematic areas requiring increased attention to avoid structural urban problems similar to that of the inner urban areas in the past.  * This article belongs to a special issue on reurbanisation

scholarly journals An institutional theory of the informal economy: some lessons from the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 722-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C Williams ◽  
Ioana Alexandra Horodnic
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Tax Morale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a new way of explaining participation in the informal economy as resulting from the asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of a society’s formal institutions (government morality) and the norms, values and beliefs of the population that constitute its informal institutions (societal morality). The proposition is that the greater the asymmetry between government morality and societal morality, the greater is the propensity to participate in the informal economy. Design/methodology/approach – To evaluate this institutional asymmetry theory, the results are reported of 1,306 face-to-face interviews conducted during 2013 in the UK. Findings – The finding is a strong correlation between the degree of institutional asymmetry (measured by tax morale) and participation in the informal economy. The lower the tax morale, the greater is the propensity to participate in the informal economy. Using ordered logistic regression analysis, tax morale is not found to significantly vary by, for example, social class, employment status or wealth, but there are significant gender, age and spatial variations with men, younger age groups, rural areas and Scotland displaying significantly lower tax morale than women, older people, urban areas and London. Practical implications – Rather than continue with the current disincentives policy approach, a new policy approach that reduces the asymmetry between government morality and societal morality is advocated. This requires not only changes in societal morality regarding the acceptability of participating in the informal economy but also changes in how formal institutions operate in order for this to be achieved. Originality/value – This paper provides a new way of explaining participation in the informal economy and reviews its consequences for understanding and tackling the informal economy in the UK.

scholarly journals Change in burden of disease in UK children and young people (0-24 years) over the past 20 years and estimation of potential burden in 2040: analysis using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Ward ◽  
Dougal Hargreaves ◽  
Steve Turner ◽  
Russell M. Viner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiological transition and medical innovations have led to changes in causes of ill-health and disability by children and young people (CYP) in many wealthy countries over the past two decades. However this has not been systematically examined at a national level in the UK. Here we examined changes in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by cause for 0-24 year olds by age-group.MethodsWe used data on DALYS by cause, sex and age-group for the UK from 1998 to 2017 from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. We modified the GBD cause-hierarchy to be more relevant to paediatrics. We assessed current causes of burden in 2017 and change at cause-level for 1998-2007 and 2008-2017 by age. We then used Holt-Winters doubly exponentiated time-series models to forecast change in DALYs by age to 2040.ResultsIn 2017, neonatal and congenital disorders were the main causes of DALYS across 0-24 year olds, with other the other large causes being anxiety and depression, endocrine and immune disorders, and lower respiratory tract infections. Total DALYS were highest amongst neonates and lowest amongst 1-9 year olds, rising with age amongst 10-24 year olds. Between 1998-2017, total DALYs fell in each age-group, with the largest falls in infants. The greatest changes in DALYS from 2008 to 2017 were falls in neonatal and congenital causes amongst infants, falls in infectious diseases and injuries in older age-groups, and rises in neonatal causes, mental health, acne and somatic symptoms in all age-groups other than infants. These patterns were forecast to continue to 2040.ConclusionsWe forecast falls in causes that have historically dominated disease in CYP, particularly congenital disorders, infectious diseases, cancers and injuries, representing falls in the prevalence of many infectious diseases and improvements in road safety and also improvements in survival from cancer and many congenital conditions. Forecast increases in DALYS from mental health problems, other adolescent health issues and the consequences of neonatal survival, such as neuro-disability and epilepsy, have potential implications for the training of paediatricians and workforce needs over the next two decades. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change and changes in child poverty require further research.

scholarly journals Aprendizado e seleção: uma análise da evolução educacional brasileira de acordo com uma perspectiva de ciclo de vida

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (216) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Soares
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
System Selection

Analisa as tendências educacionais dos últimos vinte anos, levando em conta duas características dos sistemas educacionais: a seleção e a estratificação etária. Todos os sistemas educacionais formais se dividem em ciclos que, grosso modo, correspondem a faixas etárias. Outra característica de todos os sistemas educacionais é que têm um duplo objetivo: formar e selecionar. Ao contrário do que ocorre na maioria dos outros países, há no Brasil uma forma de seleção em massa que descasa os ciclos educacionais de suas faixas etárias – a repetência. Por esta razão, o texto tenciona manter dois olhares: um por idade e outro por faixa etária. Após uma introdução resumindo a dinâmica demográfica do período, os principais indicadores analisados são: o acesso a cada nível escolar, representado pela taxa de matrícula líquida; o impacto da repetência, representado pela distorção idade-série ao final de cada ciclo; e o aprendizado, medido por avaliações padronizadas. Analisa tanto níveis como distribuição, uma vez que as desigualdades no nosso país são fortes. As principais conclusões são que, a despeito da vitória da universalização do acesso, o processo educacional ainda leva a resultados insatisfatórios em termos de médias e reproduz as desigualdades presentes na sociedade brasileira. O texto termina com uma série de recomendações de políticas para todos os níveis educacionais, que vão desde a universalização da pré-escola nas áreas urbanas até a adequação da oferta de educação de jovens e adultos e superior à sua demanda potencial. Palavras-chave: demografia; seleção; repetência; sistema educacional Abstract The objective of this text is to analyze the main trends of the last 20 years keeping in mind two important characteristics of the Brazilian educational system: selection and stratification by age. All educational systems are divided into cycles that, grosso modo, correspond to age groups. In addition, all educational systems have two main objectives: teaching and selecting. A peculiarity of the Brazilian system is that its main selection mechanism, massive grade repetition, distorts the age profile of its students so that educational cycles no longer correspond to specific ages. For this reason, the text attempts to always look at education from the points of view of both cycles and age groups. After an introduction summarizing the main demographic trend of the last 30 to 20 years, the text analyzes three types of indicator: access represented by net enrollment rates, the impacts of repetition as represented by age-grade distortion, and learning as represented by the results of standardized testing. The objetive is to always analyze both means and dispersions, due to the strong inequality of our country. The main conclusions are that, in spite of the important educational achievement that was the universalization of access, the Brazilian educational process still leads to low attainment and achievement in levels as well as to reproduction of the inequalities present in the Brazilian society. The text ends with a series of policy challenges that go from universalization of pre-school in urban areas to the adjustment of young adult and higher education supply to their demand. Keywords: demography; selection; repetition; educational system

Dowagers, Debs, Nuns and Babies: The Politics of Nostalgia and the Older Woman in the British Sunday Night Television Serial

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estella Tincknell
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Older Woman ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Popular Television

The extensive commercial success of two well-made popular television drama serials screened in the UK at prime time on Sunday evenings during the winter of 2011–12, Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–) and Call the Midwife (BBC, 2012–), has appeared to consolidate the recent resurgence of the period drama during the 1990s and 2000s, as well as reassembling something like a mass audience for woman-centred realist narratives at a time when the fracturing and disassembling of such audiences seemed axiomatic. While ostensibly different in content, style and focus, the two programmes share a number of distinctive features, including a range of mature female characters who are sufficiently well drawn and socially diverse as to offer a profoundly pleasurable experience for the female viewer seeking representations of aging femininity that go beyond the sexualised body of the ‘successful ager’. Equally importantly, these two programmes present compelling examples of the ‘conjunctural text’, which appears at a moment of intense political polarisation, marking struggles over consent to a contemporary political position by re-presenting the past. Because both programmes foreground older women as crucial figures in their respective communities, but offer very different versions of the social role and ideological positioning that this entails, the underlying politics of such nostalgia becomes apparent. A critical analysis of these two versions of Britain's past thus highlights the ideological investments involved in period drama and the extent to which this ‘cosy’ genre may legitimate or challenge contemporary political claims.

The past, present and future of food consumption databases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (43) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700
Author(s):  
Viktória Szűcs ◽  
Erzsébet Szabó ◽  
Diána Bánáti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
The Eu

Results of the food consumption surveys are utilized in many areas, such as for example risk assessment, cognition of consumer trends, health education and planning of prevention projects. Standardization of national consumption data for international comparison is an important task. The intention work began in the 1970s. Because of the widespread utilization of food consumption data, many international projects have been done with the aim of their harmonization. The present study shows data collection methods for groups of the food consumption data, their utilization, furthermore, the stations of the international harmonization works in details. The authors underline that for the application of the food consumption data on the international level, it is crucial to harmonize the surveys’ parameters (e.g. time of data collection, method, number of participants, number of the analysed days and the age groups). For this purpose the efforts of the EU menu project, started in 2012, are promising. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1692–1700.

Spatiotemporal Changes of Riverbed and Surrounding Environment in Yongding River (Beijing section) in the Past 40 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40407-1-40407-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Pang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Yongding River

Abstract Yongding River is one of the five major river systems in Beijing. It is located to the west of Beijing. It has influenced culture along its basin. The river supports both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, it influences economic development, water conservation, and the natural environment. However, during the past few decades, due to the combined effect of increasing population and economic activities, a series of changes have led to problems such as the reduction in water volume and the exposure of the riverbed. In this study, remote sensing images were used to derive land cover maps and compare spatiotemporal changes during the past 40 years. As a result, the following data were found: forest changed least; cropland area increased to a large extent; bareland area was reduced by a maximum of 63%; surface water area in the study area was lower from 1989 to 1999 because of the excessive use of water in human activities, but it increased by 92% from 2010 to 2018 as awareness about protecting the environment arose; there was a small increase in the built-up area, but this was more planned. These results reveal that water conservancy construction, agroforestry activities, and increasing urbanization have a great impact on the surrounding environment of the Yongding River (Beijing section). This study discusses in detail how the current situation can be attributed to of human activities, policies, economic development, and ecological conservation Furthermore, it suggests improvement by strengthening the governance of the riverbed and the riverside. These results and discussion can be a reference and provide decision support for the management of southwest Beijing or similar river basins in peri-urban areas.

An Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Study of Giardia lamblia in Anbar Province – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Suad Shallal Shahatha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Teucrium Polium L ◽  
Therapeutic Study

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia parasites in patients who visited some of the hospitals in Anbar province, which included (Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Hit Hospital) during by examining 864 stool samples in a direct examination method, The results revealed the infection rate was 41.7 % and the percentage of infection among males 47.8% is higher than that of females 35.4% with significant differences (p≤0.05). The age groups (1-9) years recorded the highest rates 55.4% and the lowest rate 13.6% in the age group (40-49) years. The highest rate of infection was 62.5% during the month of June, while the month of October was the lowest rate 5% and significant differences. The incidence rate in rural areas was 50.6% higher than in the urban areas 32.5%. The study also included the effect of Teucrium polium L. on the parasite in the culture media HSP-1, the concentrations of 0.5-3 mg / mL significantly affected Giardia, it was noted whenever the greater the concentration, the greater the effect during different treatment periods (1-4) days, as the highest concentration 3 mg/ml killed all Giardia parasites on the fourth day of treatment.

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