The genus Paraconiothyrium: species concepts, biological functions, and secondary metabolites

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop providing energy and nutrients for more than half of the world population. It produces vast amounts of secondary metabolites. At least 276 secondary metabolites from rice have been identified in the past 50 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and their derivatives. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as regulatory effects on rice growth and development, disease-resistance promotion, anti-insect activity, and allelopathic effects, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological functions and activities, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation of rice secondary metabolites. Some considerations about cheminformatics, metabolomics, genetic transformation, production, and applications related to the secondary metabolites from rice are also discussed.

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Secondary metabolites in plants: main classes, phytochemical analysis and pharmacological activities

Bionatura ◽

10.21931/rb/2019.04.04.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1000-1009

Author(s):

Irina Francesca González Mera ◽

Daniela Estefanía González Falconí ◽

Vivian Morera Córdova

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Pharmacological Activities

Plants are an essential source of chemical compounds with different biological properties that man can use to his advantage. These substances are mainly produced as a result of chemical conversions of secondary metabolism. This article reviews the main classes of secondary metabolites that synthesize plants as well as their characteristics and their biological functions. Examples are provided for each of the classes. Emphasis is placed on the methods of extracting secondary metabolites and phytochemical screening, as well as on the main pharmacological activities described for the MS.

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Isoflavonoids — an overview of their biological activities and potential health benefits

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/v10102-009-0021-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 211-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Eva Miadoková

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Potential Health ◽

Health Promoting

Isoflavonoids — an overview of their biological activities and potential health benefitsThere are many biological activities attributed to isoflavonoids. The majority of them could be beneficial and some of them may be detrimental, depending on specific circumstances. Isoflavonoids play an important role in human nutrition as health promoting natural chemicals. They belong to plant secondary metabolites that mediate diverse biological functions through numerous pathways. They are structurally similar to estrogens, exerting both estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties in various tissues. The results of epidemiologic studies exploring the role of isoflavonoids in human health have been inconclusive. Some studies support the notion of a protective effect of their consumption in immunomodulation, cognition, risk reduction of certain cancers, cardiovascular and skin diseases, osteoporosis and obesity, as well as relief of menopausal symptoms. Other studies failed to demonstrate any effects.

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Secondary metabolites during ontogenetic phase of reproductive structures in Hypericum maculatum

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-006-0079-8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Pavol Mártonfi ◽

Miroslav Repčák ◽

Lenka Mártonfiová

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Considerable Change ◽

Average Content ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Reproductive Structures ◽

Total Average

AbstractThe distribution patterns of flavonoids hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin, I3,II8-biapigenin and naphtodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin were studied in reproductive structures during ontogenetic phase of flowering in Hypericum maculatum Crantz. Considerable differences in the content of these secondary metabolites, in the particular flower parts were found. The content of all the metabolites studied is stable during the whole period of flowering in green flower parts (sepals). In petals, stamens and pistils their content undergoes considerable change associated with the biological functions of particular metabolites. The most conspicuous changes during ontogenetic phase of flowering were the decrease of hyperoside and isoquercitrin content in petals (average content in buds 1.589 mg g−1 dry weight, average content in overblown flowers 0.891 mg g−1 dry weight), the decrease of the I3,II8-biapigenin content in stamens (in buds 1.189 mg g−1 dry weight, in overblown flowers 0.319 mg g−1 dry weight), and the increase of hypericin and pseudohypericin content in both petals (total average content of hypericins in the buds 0.547 mg g−1 dry weight; in overblown flowers 0.792 mg g−1 dry weight) and stamens (in buds 0.189 mg g−1 dry weight; in overblown flowers 0.431 mg g−1 dry weight). Hypericins are absent in the pistil. The flavonoids hyperoside and isoquercitrin, the content of which decreased during ontogenetic phase of flowering, reach the highest contents in the pistil.

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Marine-Derived Polymeric Materials and Biomimetics: An Overview

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12051002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marion Claverie ◽

Colin McReynolds ◽

Arnaud Petitpas ◽

Martin Thomas ◽

Susana C. M. Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Fish Mucus ◽

Chitin And Chitosan ◽

Structural Colouration ◽

Physicochemical And Structural Properties

The review covers recent literature on the ocean as both a source of biotechnological tools and as a source of bio-inspired materials. The emphasis is on marine biomacromolecules namely hyaluronic acid, chitin and chitosan, peptides, collagen, enzymes, polysaccharides from algae, and secondary metabolites like mycosporines. Their specific biological, physicochemical and structural properties together with relevant applications in biocomposite materials have been included. Additionally, it refers to the marine organisms as source of inspiration for the design and development of sustainable and functional (bio)materials. Marine biological functions that mimic reef fish mucus, marine adhesives and structural colouration are explained.

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Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01638a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 8547-8559

Author(s):

Hongjing Zhao ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Mengyao Mu ◽

Menghao Guo ◽

Hongxian Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Human Health ◽

Grass Carp ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

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Membrane–cytoskeleton interactions in cholesterol-dependent domain formation

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0570177 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 177-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jennifer N. Byrum ◽

William Rodgers

Keyword(s):

Biological Properties ◽

Membrane Rafts ◽

Membrane Domains ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽

Heterogeneous Structures ◽

Integral Role ◽

Model Cell ◽

Actomyosin Cytoskeleton ◽

Dependent Domain

Since the inception of the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes have come to be recognized as heterogeneous structures composed of discrete protein and lipid domains of various dimensions and biological functions. The structural and biological properties of membrane domains are represented by CDM (cholesterol-dependent membrane) domains, frequently referred to as membrane ‘rafts’. Biological functions attributed to CDMs include signal transduction. In T-cells, CDMs function in the regulation of the Src family kinase Lck (p56lck) by sequestering Lck from its activator CD45. Despite evidence of discrete CDM domains with specific functions, the mechanism by which they form and are maintained within a fluid and dynamic lipid bilayer is not completely understood. In the present chapter, we discuss recent advances showing that the actomyosin cytoskeleton has an integral role in the formation of CDM domains. Using Lck as a model, we also discuss recent findings regarding cytoskeleton-dependent CDM domain functions in protein regulation.

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