The Theory Arsenal: The Cambridge Circus and the Origins of the Keynesian Revolution

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Aslanbeigui ◽  
Guy Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
George Bernard Shaw ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Bernard Shaw ◽  
The Way

In the winter of 1934–35, when John Maynard Keynes was beginning to circulate proofs of The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, he indulged in a playful exchange of letters with George Bernard Shaw devoted mainly to the merits of Karl Marx as an economist. At the end of his letter of January 1, 1935, Keynes's observations took a more serious turn, documenting fundamental changes in his theoretical ambitions following the publication of his Treatise on Money in 1930: “To understand my state of mind, however, you have to know that I believe myself to be writing a book on economic theory which will largely revolutionize—not, I suppose, at once but in the course of the next ten years—the way the world thinks about economic problems” (Keynes 1973a, p. 492).

scholarly journals Art as the Commentary of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Sadaf Mushtaq Nasti
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
George Bernard Shaw ◽  
Single Sentence ◽  
The World ◽  
Bernard Shaw ◽  
The Way

Literature has always been a mighty weapon in bringing reality to surface. It is the reflection of mirror in the form of print that actually ushers to forefront the reality of life. The main aim of art is to revolutionize the world in general and society in particular. “Art for the Sake of Life” generally refers to the notion that art makes us understand the conduct of everyday life. Although art encompasses literature yet it is more than that because it deals with every aspect of our life. It is the way to justify the grim realities of life while beautifying them. As a famous writer James Baldwin accords that “one can’t write a line without a message”. Art is a way of expressing oneself. Many people use it to express boundless emotions and thoughts, from turbulence to euphoria to bewilderment that everyone has within the heart, mind and soul. The authors have discovered an escape through art to seek meaning via truth, not just for the sake of art, but for the sake of life. Writers tweak the image of specific challenges so that a reader can see them through the same lens. George Bernard Shaw also avows that “For art’s sake alone I would not face the toil of writing a single sentence”. So, an artist should be moralist encumbered with a reforming zeal. Thus “Art for the sake of life” is a maxim that should be applied to all art; art with style, sophistication, pathos, and psychological resonance. It is not thus for the art’s sake rather it is for the life’s sake or social sake. Art is a medicine or elixir of pain which makes life bearable. The main aim of this paper is to showcase how art in general as well as in particular is only for life’s sake and not for art’s sake. Art thus has a cosmic phenomenon with a universal impact.

scholarly journals PYGMALION: A STUDY OF SOCIO-SEMANTICS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Mirjam Anugerahwati
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
George Bernard Shaw ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bernard Shaw ◽  
The Way

This article discusses the novel Pygmalionby George Bernard Shaw (1957) which depicts Eliza, a flower girl from East London, who became the subject of an “experiment” by a Professor of Phonetics who vowed to change the way she spoke. The story is an excellent example of a very real and contextual portrait of how language, particularly socio-semantics, play a role in the achievement of communicative competence.

How, and for How Long, Did Keynes maintain theTreatiseTheory?

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-307
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Primary Material ◽  
Intellectual Journey

Many historians of economic theory have studied how John Maynard Keynes developed his theory fromA Tract on Monetary ReformthroughA Treatise on Money(hereafter theTreatise) toThe General TheoryofEmployment, Interest and Money(hereafter theGeneral TheoryorGT). After the pioneering studies by Moggridge (1973) and Patinkin (1976, 1982), there followed Dimand (1988), Amdeo (1989), Clarke (1988, 1998), Meltzer (1988), Moggridge (1992), Skidelsky (1992), Laidler (1999), and others. This is no wonder, for the Keynesian Revolution remains the most singular phenomenon that economic theory and policy have ever seen. Although the objective of our entire project has been to shed new light on this important and interesting phenomenon, examining and analyzing the processes of theory-building and rebuilding which constitute Keynes's intellectual journey (see Hirai 1997–99), the present paper focuses solely on one chapter in the long story of the transition through his three major works. The very fact of addressing the questions, “How did Keynes maintain the theory developed in theTreatiseafter its publication (October 1930), and for how long?” narrows the period under study to approximately two years which span roughly from October 1930 through October 1932. Our scrutiny will range over the original texts and primary material such as manuscripts, lecture notes, and correspondence produced over this period, and our findings will rest on the meticulous analysis of material of crucial importance for a clear understanding of Keynes's theoretical situation. We will also offer our comments on the earlier efforts insofar as they relate to the period in question.

scholarly journals “Uproar in the Echo”: Browning's Vitalist Beginnings

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Leslie White
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Main Line ◽  
George Bernard Shaw ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Élan Vital ◽  
Bernard Shaw ◽  
Willed Action ◽  
Individual Human

In letters to Mrs. Ernest Benzon and Mrs. Thomas FitzGerald, Browning claims affinity with the great philosopher of the Will, Schopenhauer, and asserts that elements of vitalism are the “substratum” of his life and work. These letters confirm the poet's place in the line of vitalist thought shaped by Schopenhauer, the English Romantics, and Carlyle and further developed by Nietzsche, George Bernard Shaw, Henri Bergson, and D. H. Lawrence. Vitalism resists precise definition; each theorist advances a singular terminology and application. Schopenhauer's vitalism may be understood from his concept of cosmic Will; Carlyle's from the essential presence of energy, movement, and change in the world. Bergson used the term élan vital and Lawrence such characteristically vague phrases as “sense of truth” and “supreme impulse” to express faith in forces operating beneath or hovering above the surface of life. Broadly put, when a rational orientation to the world ceased to be adequate, when rationalism devolved into a falsification of reality's authentic energy, major vitalists came into existence and posited as the true reality a primitive, universal force of which everything in that reality is an objectification. Unlike other vitalists in the English tradition, such as Blake and Lawrence, Browning was not comfortable with cosmic images. His vitalism breaks from the main line to focus on the individual human will, which he saw as an intuitive impulse and as a means to realize the self and locate its place in the world. For Browning, the comprehension of life's vital movement lay in the dynamic energy of willed action.

Shaw's Reviews of Daly's Shakespeare: The Wooing of Ada Rehan

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Jackson
Keyword(s):  
George Bernard Shaw ◽  
As You Like It ◽  
The World ◽  
Saturday Review ◽  
Bernard Shaw

George Bernard Shaw reviewed three of Augustin Daly's Shakespeare productions in the course of his stint as theatre critic of The Saturday Review, and wrote briefly on another when he was the music critic of The World. At the beginning of the last of these notices, describing As You Like It in 1897 and Ada Rehan's performance in it, Shaw wrote: ‘I never see Miss Ada Rehan act without burning to present Mr Augustin Daly with a delightful villa in Saint Helena.’ Listing some of the production's errors produced a more sombre threat:To think that Mr Daly will die in his bed, whilst innocent presidents of republics, who never harmed an immortal bard, are falling on all sides under the knives of well-intentioned reformers whose only crime is that they assassinate the wrong people! And yet let me be magnanimous. I confess I would not like to see Mr Daly assassinated. Saint Helena would satisfy me. (ShSh, 44) Readers of Shaw's reviews, especially those who encounter them only through Edwin Wilson's selection in Shaw on Shakespeare, will only know Augustin Daly's productions as seen by Shaw. But these critiques were part of a campaign on behalf of Shaw's aims for the theatre, and, specifically, a ‘wooing’ of Ada Rehan for the Shavian drama.

A General Theory for Our Times: On Piketty

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Mann
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Stance ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Thomas Piketty

Thomas Piketty has offered, and many have desperately snatched at, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money of our epoch. Piketty’s affinity with John Maynard Keynes and his groundbreaking 1936 landmark is largely unreflexive. But the ties that bind him to Keynes are powerful, and manifest themselves at many levels in Capital in the Twenty-First Century. The epistemology, the political stance, the methodological commitments, and the politics resonate in imperfect but remarkable harmony. This is no accident, because the world in which Piketty’s book appeared is saturated with the specifically capitalist form of anxiety that Keynes sought to diagnose, and fix, the last time it made the richest economies in the world tremble.

Flow, Code and Stock: A Note on Deleuze's Political Philosophy

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 36-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marxist Analysis

In Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari claim that a general theory of society must be a generalised theory of flows. This is hardly a straightforward claim, and this paper attempts to examine the grounds for it. Why should socio-political theory be based on a theory of flows rather than, say, a theory of the social contract, or a theory of the State, or the questions of legitimation or revolution, or numerous other possible candidates? The concept of flow (and the related notions of code and stock), I argue, is derived from contemporary economic theory, and most notably John Maynard Keynes. Deleuze and Guattari remained Marxists, not only because they held that contemporary political philosophy must inevitably be centred on the analysis of capitalism, but also because they held, following Marx himself, that the Marxist analysis of capital must constantly be transformed and adapted to new conditions. Thus, while certain aspects of Marx's analysis disappear from Capitalism and Schizophrenia, they are supplemented by the addition of new concepts adequate to the contemporary state of capitalism. The paper concludes, then, with an analysis of the role played by the concepts of flow, code and stock in Deleuze and Guattari's political philosophy.

scholarly journals Transference and countertransference in communication between doctor and patient

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hughes ◽  
Ian Kerr
Keyword(s):  
George Bernard Shaw ◽  
Transference And Countertransference ◽  
The World ◽  
Bernard Shaw

“The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself” George Bernard Shaw, Maxims for Revolutionists.

scholarly journals Metode Pembacaan Turâts Arab-Islam: Perspekti Muhammad ‘Abid al-Jâbirî

ULUMUNA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-100
Author(s):  
Abdul Mukti Ro’uf
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Gaston Bachelard ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Louis Althusser ◽  
French Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

The way how turâts (a term only found in contemporary Arabic-Islam or tradition) is viewed has been a critical problem. This is because queries about it imply rise and or fall of a civilization. This thesis has at least been proved by facts of history that since the midst 19th century the world of Arabic-Islam thoughts have been moving backward compared to that in the Western-modern thoughts. This research will analyze Muhammad ‘Âbid al-Jâbirî’s thoughts that represented contemporary thinkers. Al-Jâbirî was a muslim intellectual born in Feiji Southeast-Marocco in 1936. His initial acquaintance with philosophical thoughts related to three prominent figures of Karl Marx (1818-1890), Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), and Louis Althusser (1918-1990). He was grown up in a setting of Maghribi thoughts (Marocco-Andalusia), which was influenced by traditions of French philosophy of Marxian. However, he doubted Marxian approaches in Islamic history context.

scholarly journals Partners in a Moral Crime A Social study in George Bernard Shaw's Play Widowers' Houses

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Inst. Rafid Sami Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Study ◽  
George Bernard Shaw ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
True Love ◽  
Human Emotions ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Bernard Shaw

          The madly  rush upon  money may  derive a person  to sell the values and ethics  ​​that he is supposed to enjoy having. The human emotions could be  affected by the  exaggeration of the  greed for money  and also magnifies  its negative impact on a noble feeling  like love, but is love a parcel  to be bought and sold by money and for the sake of money? Is it not  a supreme value upon which there isn’t any compromise? If  the case became that business becomes the justification for the rich to profit from the sweat and misery of the poor and disadvantaged, is there  any sense of love and compassion left in them?   George Bernard Shaw in his play  Widowers' Houses gives answers to these questions outweighing  money on morality and love in the time when  feelings  become of little value, and the collected  money becomes the measure of manhood and success .In such time ,there is no  place for  true love in the world of business. Bernard Shaw grants his pen the freedom to portrait  money  in the figure of a contagious disease which attacks the rich to make themselves richer ,and the poor get the disease  from the rich so that they might exceed the poverty situation even if it is at the expense of their feelings, sympathy and morals  .

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