Spoonful of sugar or strong medicine: ‘Meet and Greet’ as a strategy for policing large-scale public events

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth Davies ◽  
Stephanie E. Dawson
Author(s):  
Kristīne Kuzņecova

Arvien aktuālāki kļūst jautājumi par valsts un pašvaldības institūciju kompetenci sabiedriskās kārtības un drošības garantēšanā publisku pasākumu laikā. Tiesību aizsardzības iestādēm viens no svarīgākajiem uzdevumiem ir sabiedriskās kārtības un drošības garantēšana šo pasākumu norises vietās. Lai arī būtiska loma tās nodrošināšanā ir atvēlēta pašvaldību institūcijām (pašvaldības policija šobrīd ir viens no nozīmīgākajiem Valsts policijas sadarbības partneriem policijas funkciju pildīšanā), praksē novērojamas vairākas problēmas. Pirmkārt, vai valsts un pašvaldības policijas iestādēm ir pietiekami materiāltehniskie un cilvēkresursi, lai garantētu sabiedrisko kārtību liela mēroga (arī paaugstināta riska) publiskos pasākumos? Otrkārt, vai šo iestāžu darbinieki publisku pasākumu laikā izmanto samērīgus tiesiskos līdzekļus, lai vērstos pret sabiedriskās kārtības pārkāpējiem? Issues affecting the state and local government institution competence in public order and security maintaining in public events is becoming increasingly crucial. One of the most important tasks of the law enforcement agencies is guaranteeing public order and security. Although the crucial role in guaranteeing is devoted to local government bodies, where municipal police institute is currently one of the most important partners of the State Police in police powers provision, in practice are turning out a number of problems. First, whether the state and municipal police authorities have sufficient logistical and human resources to ensure public order in large-scale (and sensitive) public events. Second, whether the enforcement officers during public events use proportionate legal means to crack down violators of public order.


2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Römer ◽  
Jens Kersten ◽  
Ralph Kiefl ◽  
Stefan Plattner ◽  
Alexander Mager ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Robin Woodward

In the realm of public art, New Zealand artist Nic Moon’s practice extends from permanent outdoor sculpture to ephemeral, site-responsive installations and staged public events. Such a range spans the trajectory of contemporary public art, a genre which theorists struggle to define categorically: historical precedents for public art offer no template for the present or for the future. Working in conjunction with mana whenua iwi, local government agencies, art institutions, museums, architects and the community¸ Moon creates large-scale object art as well as temporary and relocatable works, circumstantial installations, public artworks as utilities, and ephemeral art with a short life span. Her public art encompasses a broad spectrum of forms while speaking constantly of human ecology - the interdisciplinary study of relationships between people, our social systems and our environments. It is these relationships that underpin the work of Moon who, in common with new genre public artists internationally, is prepared to work outside the historical framework of public art to engage her audience in socially conscious, political art.


Author(s):  
Jan Zibuschka ◽  
Heiko Roßnagel ◽  
Jan Muntermann ◽  
Tobias Scherner

In recent years, natural disasters and terrorist attacks have been quite numerous, and broadly reported in the media. The tourism industry has been especially impacted by these emergencies. In order to mitigate the effects of such events, guaranteeing an adequate level of preparedness is essential. However, despite the extreme disrupting events that large-scale disasters such as tsunamis have had on tourism in specific areas, few tourism organizations have properly developed emergency strategies as an integral part of their business plans. Several national and supra-national initiatives are currently working on possibilities to employ mobile communication networks for emergency management systems. The success of such systems depends on users being familiar with the service though, which is difficult to achieve if the system is solely used for emergency management. Therefore, the authors propose a reference architecture that allows the integration of mobile value-adding services, allowing for broad usage outside of emergency cases and thus an increased familiarity. The authors also present a specific system design focusing on the case of large public events as an instantiation of the reference architecture, describe the implementation in some detail, and present the evaluation of the prototype implementation in a simulation study at a large public event.


Author(s):  
Nelzair A. Vianna ◽  
Priscila Novaes ◽  
Nelson Gnoatto ◽  
Simone Miraglia ◽  
Paulo H. Saldiva ◽  
...  

Atmospheric pollution arising from diesel-powered engines can result in acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The annual carnival festival that takes place in the city of Salvador, Bahia-Brazil, is a large-scale event that gathers approximately 2 m revelers and 170,000 workers who accompany dozens of sound-trucks, or trios elétricos, for a period of seven days. These slow-moving sound-trucks run on diesel fuel, constantly exposing those around them to exhaust fumes. The present study aimed to evaluate air quality along the approximately 10km-long carnival parade circuit and determine possible impacts on human health. We applied a three-phase risk analysis strategy from 2007–2009: 1) hazard identification, 2) risk characterization and 3) risk management. Our quantification of atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations revealed variable levels of PM2.5 ranging from 19 µg/m3 to 580 µg/m3, with peaks of up to 800 μg/m3 at sound-truck concentration areas. We then assessed the effects of air pollution on human health using ophthalmologic parameters obtained from 28 carnival volunteers, who often presented symptoms of eye irritation. Finally, we established strategies to communicate the study’s objectives and obtained results to the population through media outlets and open discussions with government agencies. According to our risk analysis, carnival sound-trucks represent the main source of atmospheric PM2.5 and NO2 pollution during the annual 7-day carnival festival. As a consequence of our research, the municipal government of Salvador issued an addendum to its carnival legislation mandating organizers to monitor atmospheric pollution, and, subsequently, all large-scale public events. Municipal government authorities have also promoted a shift from petroleum-based diesel fuel to biodiesel, a less-polluting fuel, for all adapted carnival sound-trucks. Our approach, which employed easily accessible and inexpensive methodology, provided substantial scientific evidence to support improvements in the regulation of air quality during large-scale public events held in the city of Salvador.Keywords: environmental


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 775-788
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Qian Cheng

Environmental uncertainty, social public events and increasing challenges has raised the urgency for the need to improve organisational resilience of construction projects, which is of great significance to the success and governance of construction projects. This study explores the organisational resilience factors that affect the success of construction projects based on a literature review and the actual situation and abstracts them into four explanatory variables: situation monitoring, organisational structure, organisational culture and participants. Through the crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) method, 15 Chinese cases that meet the research conditions are compared and analysed, and two effective conditional configurations obtained. The results show that in the absence of timely monitoring of the changes in the situation, flexible organisational structure, cohesive organisational culture and participation of multiple subjects can promote the success of the construction project. The synergy of multiple participants can make up for the lack of organisational culture to a certain extent. Moreover, public participation and big data applications should be given full attention in the improvement of organisational resilience. This study can provide a basis for construction projects to reasonably match organisational resilience conditions to cope with crisis and challenges.


2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Zappavigna

Microblogging is an increasingly prevalent communicative practice for negotiating identity and engaging in networked publics. It is currently of particular interest to new media and communication theorists, due to the lens it provides to view ‘real-time’ expression of online opinion and sentiment about both public events and domestic life. While many studies have investigated microblogging in relation to large-scale political events and crises, this article focuses on the latter private domain, exploring the interfacing of the personal realm with mass communicative discourse. A million-word corpus of Twitter posts (MORPHEUS) will be used to investigate a form of ‘ambient affiliation’ that is enacted as microbloggers bond around expressions of the quotidian. This corpus features discourse in the semantic domain of sleep, a surprisingly frequent topic in microblogging posts. Drawing upon corpus linguistic methods, combined with close discourse analysis of communicative patterns, the focus will be on the role of hashtags in supporting ambient communion about the everyday.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phebo Wibbens ◽  
Wesley Wu-Yi Koo ◽  
Anita M. McGahan

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a Bayesian analysis on large-scale empirical data to assess the effectiveness of eleven types of COVID-control policies that have been implemented at various levels of intensity in 40 countries and U.S. states since the onset of the pandemic. The analysis estimates the marginal impact of each type and level of policy as implemented in concert with other policies. The purpose is to provide policymakers and the general public with an estimate of the relative effectiveness of various COVID-control strategies. We find that a set of widely implemented core policies reduces the spread of virus but not by enough to contain the pandemic except in a few highly compliant jurisdictions. The core policies include the cancellation of public events, restriction of gatherings to fewer than 100 people, recommendation to stay at home, recommended restrictions on internal movement, implementation of a partial international travel ban, and coordination of information campaigns. For the median jurisdiction, these policies reduce growth rate in new infections from an estimated 270% per week to approximately 49% per week, but this impact is insufficient to prevent eventual transmission throughout the population because containment occurs only when a jurisdiction reduces growth in COVID infection to below zero. Most jurisdictions must also implement additional policies, each of which has the potential to reduce weekly COVID growth rate by 10 percentage points or more. The slate of these additional high-impact policies includes targeted or full workplace closings for all but essential workers, stay-at-home requirements, and targeted school closures.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. A02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Boyette ◽  
Jefferson Ramsey

Over the past decade, science festival expos have emerged as popular opportunities for practicing scientists to engage in education outreach with public audiences. In this paper, a partial proportional odds model was used to analyze 5,498 surveys collected from attendees at 14 science expos around the United States. Respondents who report that they interacted with a scientist rated their experiences more positively than those who reported no such interaction on five categories: overall experience, learning, inspiration, fun, and awareness of STEM careers. The results indicate that scientists can positively affect audience perception of their experience at these large-scale public events.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Corbetta ◽  
Werner Kroneman ◽  
Maurice Donners ◽  
Antal Haans ◽  
Philip Ross ◽  
...  

We introduce “Moving Light”: an unprecedented real-life crowd steering experiment that involved about 140.000 participants among the visitors of the Glow 2017 Light Festival (Eindhoven, NL). Moving Light targets one outstanding question of paramount societal and technological importance: “can we seamlessly and systematically influence routing decisions in pedestrian crowds?” Establishing effective crowd steering methods is extremely relevant in the context of crowd management, e.g. when it comes to keeping floor usage within safety limits (e.g. during public events with high attendance) or at designated comfort levels (e.g. in leisure areas). In the Moving Light setup, visitors walking in a corridor face a choice between two symmetric exits defined by a large central obstacle. Stimuli, such as arrows, alternate at random and perturb the symmetry of the environment to bias choices. While visitors move in the experiment, they are tracked with high space and time resolution, such that the efficiency of each stimulus at steering individual routing decisions can be accurately evaluated a posteriori. In this contribution, we first describe the measurement concept in the Moving Light experiment and then we investigate quantitatively the steering capability of arrow indications.


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