The Impact of Last Drinks Legislation: Exit Intoxication and Perceptions of Risk within Nighttime Entertainment Districts in Brisbane, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Grant J. Devilly
Keyword(s):  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals ‘Everyone knows grandma’. Pathways to gambling venues in regional Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282
Author(s):  
Amy Bestman ◽  
Samantha L Thomas ◽  
Melanie Randle ◽  
Hannah Pitt ◽  
Rebecca Cassidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Electronic Gambling ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Regional Australia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In regional Australia, families (including children), attend community venues that contain gambling products, such as electronic gambling machines (EGMs), for a range of non-gambling reasons. However, there is a gap in research that seeks to understand how these venues may become embedded into family social practices. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and cultural capital, this paper aimed to explore factors that influence family decisions to attend venues and perceptions of risk associated with children’s exposure to gambling products. Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 parents who attended community gambling venues with their children, in New South Wales, Australia. Families attended venues for three key reasons, first because of the influence of others in their social networks, second for regular social activities and third because of structural factors such as a lack of alternative, affordable, family friendly environments in their local area. Despite recognizing the harm associated with EGMs, parents distanced themselves from EGM harm with all parents perceiving venues to be an appropriate space for families. Research in this study indicates that family social practices within venues affect perceptions of risk associated with community gambling venues. The impact of these practices on longer-term health requires more investigation by public health and health promotion researchers and practitioners. Health promotion initiatives should consider identifying alternative sources of support and/or developing alternative social spaces for families in regional communities that do not contain gambling products.

scholarly journals Effect of Risk and Protective Decision Aids on Flood Preparation in Vulnerable Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Wong-Parodi ◽  
Baruch Fischhoff ◽  
Benjamin Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Decision Aids ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Although the risks of flooding demand responses by communities and societies, there are also many cost-effective actions that individuals can take. The authors examine two potential determinants of such adoption: individual predisposition to act and the impact of decision aids that emphasize the risk, the actions, both, or neither (control). Respondents are a representative sample (N = 1201) of individuals in the areas most heavily affected by Superstorm Sandy in 2012. The authors find that, in the overall sample, seeing protective actions coupled with risk information or alone produced higher rates of individuals reporting that they intended to take action preparing for future storms, compared to a control group receiving no additional information. Moreover, that occurred despite the aids reducing their perceptions of risk. The authors find that individuals who reported having taken previous action are more responsive to decision aid messages with the exception of the combined message (risk and protective actions)—which had a positive effect on those who had not acted previously, but a negative effect on those who had. These results suggest that, in communities that already are aware of their flood risks, the critical need is for authoritative, comprehensible information regarding the most feasible and cost-effective protective actions that they can take. Providing such information requires analysis to determine which actions qualify and a design process that incorporates user feedback to ensure that recommendations are easily understood and credible.

The impact of mental health diagnoses on perceptions of risk of criminality

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-410
Author(s):  
Jessica L Garcia ◽  
Adanna J Johnson ◽  
Marianna E Carlucci ◽  
Rachel L Grover
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Alcohol Dependency ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Crime Severity ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background: Previous research has examined the relation between mental illness (MI) and perceptions of dangerousness, but less research has focused on its relation to perceived risk of criminality. Individuals with MI are perceived to be more dangerous than those without, and individuals with schizophrenia or substance abuse diagnoses are viewed as being more dangerous. Research also supports that race of individuals with MI plays an important role in the conceptualization and experience of stigma. Aims: The current study investigated the relation between MI, perceived criminality and race of diagnosed individuals. Method: Two hundred ninety participants were randomly assigned to read one of the four vignettes and answer a series of questions. The first three vignettes depicted someone with MI (schizophrenia, depression or alcohol dependency), while the fourth vignette served as a control. Participants were asked to indicate likelihood of committing a future crime, severity of the future crime and the person’s potential for rehabilitation. Levels of sympathy and trust, as well as perceived race of the person, were also measured. Results: Presence of MI was a significant predictor where MI elicited higher levels of perceived risk of criminality. The remaining predictor variables (type of MI, familiarity with MI and criminality and perceived race) were not significant predictors. Exploratory analyses revealed the schizophrenia and alcohol dependency conditions elicited higher levels of perceived severity of future crimes. Perceived MI severity and likelihood of rehabilitation were all significantly correlated with perceived risk of criminality. Conclusion: Presence of MI appears to be the most important in influencing participant attitudes about perceived risk of criminality, though type of MI may influence beliefs about severity of future crimes. The impact of race could not be examined but should be examined in future studies.

scholarly journals Involving carers in risk assessment: a study of a structured dialogue between mental health nurses and carers

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Jackson ◽  
Jane Wray ◽  
Eric Gardiner ◽  
Tracy Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mental Health Nurses ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Satisfaction With Services

Background Involving carers is a key priority in mental health services. Carers report the sharing of service users’ safety information by mental health nurses is problematic and seldom takes place. Aims The impact of an intervention on consensus between nurses and carers on perceptions of risk was investigated. Methods Carer–nurse risk consensus scores were measured pre- and post-introduction of a structured dialogue (paired t-test/ANOVA). Carer experience with involvement was surveyed pre-test ( n = 60) and compared with the post-test intervention group ( n = 32) (chi-square tests of linear-by-linear association). Results Consensus and perceptions regarding type and severity of risk did not change significantly for carers or nurses after engaging in a structured dialogue. Statistically significant differences were found with carers reporting higher levels of satisfaction with services in four out of six areas surveyed. Conclusions Findings provide support for increasing carer contribution to discussions regarding risk. Further work to embed carer involvement in clinical practice is warranted.

Residents’ perceptions of risk towards residential property in Canterbury NZ subsequent to the earthquakes

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Bond
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Market Behaviour

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate residents’ perceptions of risk towards owning and living in residential property in Christchurch subsequent to the 2010 and 2011 Canterbury earthquakes to identify how these perceptions impact on the price residents are willing to pay for affected property. Such market behaviour can motivate homeowners to adopt risk mitigation measures. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was developed and the Web link distributed to Canterbury residents via the media. This method of distribution was adopted, as a postal survey was not possible due to the number of homes that had been destroyed by the earthquakes and the highly transient nature of the community as a result. Findings – The results indicate that with the recent earthquake experience, residents are demonstrating risk mitigation behaviours through an aversion to investing in properties affected by, or with a risk of, liquefaction. Specifically, the majority of respondents had strong reservations about buying Technical Category 3 property, and would be prepared to pay 20 per cent (or > 20 per cent) less for it, indicating some stigma towards affected property. Further, most respondents would now prefer the construction of their home to be of a type that fared better in the earthquakes: lightweight, single-storey, with a concrete slab foundation. These housing preferences will likely drive the market towards the adoption of risk mitigation measures in the retrofit of existing homes as well as in the design and construction of new homes. Research limitations/implications – Due to the number of homes that had been destroyed by the earthquakes and the highly transient nature of the community as a result, probability sampling was not possible. This, together with the low response rate, means that the respondents surveyed may not be representative of the Christchurch population. Practical implications – The outcomes of this research will be of interest not only to homeowners wanting to know how their home’s value has been impacted by market perceptions towards earthquake and liquefaction damage, particularly in the worst-affected areas, but also the rating valuers tasked with assessing property values for rating purposes. Property developers and builders involved in the repair of existing homes and construction of new homes will also want to know current market preferences. Government bodies will find the results informative of how the media has, and can be used, to motivate market behaviour towards risk mitigation, particularly in regard to “material risk” (as described in Solberg et al., 2010), that is risk from a scientific and technical viewpoint of probability of future risk, and as related to what has become known about these risks in terms of building structure, height, age, soil type/land categories and flood zones. Further, the results provide a gauge of how the community perceived the handling of the recovery process, so that the weaknesses highlighted can be addressed, which will help restore community trust. Originality/value – This study fills a research void on the impact of residents’ perceptions of risk towards home ownership in a city impacted by significant earthquakes and resulting liquefaction.

Lesbians, Bisexual Women, and Perceptions of Risk in the Bluegrass

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Angela Martin ◽  
Dorothee Seifen ◽  
Mary Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Community Based ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Aids Risk ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

In September 1992, we embarked upon a research project designed to investigate lesbian attitudes towards HIV/AIDS risk and the impact on these attitudes of a safer sex workshop for lesbians and bisexual women. This project was part of a graduate seminar aimed at familiarizing students in the Anthropology Department at the University of Kentucky with techniques involved in community-based ethnographic research. As anthropologists, we were interested in collecting data on individual behaviors and perceptions of risk. We then wanted to contrast our findings with institutionally recognized risk categories and behaviors, such as those of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Over the course of three months, teenagers, minorities, and so on. A pamphlet aimed at teens will often employ the language teens use. Similarly, materials geared toward gay men will not present information on vaginal intercourse. If one examines a range of such materials, one finds that lesbians are nowhere represented or targeted. (See Rebecca Cole and Sally Cooper, "Lesbian Exclusion from HIV/AIDS Education," SEICUS Report, December 1990/January 1991.)

Assessment of the Effects of Teaching Germ Theory on Changes in Hygiene Behaviors, Cleanliness, and Diarrheal Incidence in Rural Bangladesh

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasar U. Ahmed ◽  
Marian F. Zeitlin
Keyword(s):  
Community Health Education ◽  
Germ Theory ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Hygiene Intervention ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Spontaneous Improvement ◽  
Diarrheal Incidence ◽  
The Impact

Germ theory was taught as part of a hygiene intervention in five villages in Bangladesh in which 87 percent of mothers were illiterate. Volunteer mothers taught other community mothers interactively in small groups using demonstration and teaching aids developed by a community working group. At final measurement 91 percent of mothers could explain five simple messages defining germ theory. Using germ theory in groups they identified forty high risk day-to-day practices and modified them to reduce diarrheal transmission. They adopted these new hygiene practices at rates ranging from 65 percent to 100 percent. Regression analysis suggests that understanding of germ theory was an important determinant of hygiene practices, cleanliness, and reduction in diarrheal incidence. Understanding of germ theory appeared to reduce diarrheal incidence not only through the interventions designed by the project but also changing perceptions of risk in the environment which led to spontaneous improvement in hygiene behaviors. We believe that accurate understanding of causes, transmission, and prevention of disease can 1) empower community and individual actions; and 2) contribute significantly to the impact of hygiene interventions. Therefore, it may be imperative to integrate teaching germ theory into community health education.

scholarly journals Attitudes, Perceptions of Risk, and Behavior Change of Students During Pandemics: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Bakshi ◽  
Aghna Wasim ◽  
Judy Truong ◽  
Umair Majid
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Students in higher education institutions such as universities are at a unique risk for COVID-19 because learning takes place in a manner that warrants frequent social interaction. This systematic review of 18 studies examined the awareness, risk perception, and health behaviors among students in higher education institutions across 15 high- and low-resource countries. We found that accurate knowledge of the disease varied across different countries. We also found that students were more likely to use informal networks and social media to obtain quick and easy-to-understand information about the infection. However, a “casual” or low risk attitude was prevalent from the start of each pandemic of outbreak. This casual attitude circumscribed the adoption of prevention behaviors. We conclude our paper by using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model to recommend how to maximize the impact of the design and delivery of public health interventions in the student population.

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