The Impact of Small-Scale Development Projects on Archaeological Heritage in Africa: The Tanzanian Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elgidius B. Ichumbaki ◽  
Elinaza Mjema
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Threats to the archaeological heritage in the Sultanate of Oman

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Nasser Said Al-Jahwari
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the threats to the archaeological heritage in the Sultanate of Oman which play a major role in the destruction of this heritage and its different values. It aims at drawing the attention of both the public and governmental bodies to these threats in order to reduce or minimize their impacts. To achieve this goal, the paper presents the most important of these threats and provides examples of cases that have been directly or indirectly subject to the impact of such factors in different regions of Oman. This was based on the data available from some archaeological sites that have been damaged or have been subject to surveys or rescue excavations. The paper shows that there are many human and natural factors that have impact on this heritage. Human factors are the largest and most serious of these threats in which urbanization and human development projects are in the forefront. This may lead to the loss of many values of the archaeological heritage, particularly the identity. Ultimately, the paper provides some recommendations that could contribute to enhancing the awareness of the importance of preserving the Sultanate›s archaeological heritage. 

scholarly journals The Value of Large Scale Tourism in Samoa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Donald Dongsik Park
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Alternative Development ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

<p>During the mid to late seventies serious questions were raised regarding the value of mass tourism. This lead to the creation of the alternative development paradigm with its preference towards small scale, local and community based and controlled projects which have gained wide acceptance within the field of development studies. This research looks to reopen and examine the case against mass tourism as a development tool under the following arguments: · The initial assessment was done in the late seventies and a combination of changes in business practices and consumer demands for ethical behaviour has potentially changed the development outcomes for host nations · Governments have a greater and more balanced awareness of the range of development issues and enterprises need to respond to this · Alternative development suffers from similar criticisms to those that have been directed at mass tourism as well as some unique issues · Labour force training has been largely overlooked as critical step in maximising potential development outcomes for host nations · Two major critiques around power inequality (Britton 1983) and empowerment (Sofield 2003) are external subjective judgements about development outcomes where feedback and conclusions from within host populations might add additional insight. A survey questioning the impact a large scale development had on people’s lives was central to the research. However, due to difficulties getting survey data from a large scale development in Samoa the research has focused on providing the arguments above from literature and on secondary research aims of seeking the governments views and strategies to deal with tourism and linking these strategies back to literature.</p>

scholarly journals The Value of Large Scale Tourism in Samoa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Donald Dongsik Park
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Alternative Development ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

<p>During the mid to late seventies serious questions were raised regarding the value of mass tourism. This lead to the creation of the alternative development paradigm with its preference towards small scale, local and community based and controlled projects which have gained wide acceptance within the field of development studies. This research looks to reopen and examine the case against mass tourism as a development tool under the following arguments: · The initial assessment was done in the late seventies and a combination of changes in business practices and consumer demands for ethical behaviour has potentially changed the development outcomes for host nations · Governments have a greater and more balanced awareness of the range of development issues and enterprises need to respond to this · Alternative development suffers from similar criticisms to those that have been directed at mass tourism as well as some unique issues · Labour force training has been largely overlooked as critical step in maximising potential development outcomes for host nations · Two major critiques around power inequality (Britton 1983) and empowerment (Sofield 2003) are external subjective judgements about development outcomes where feedback and conclusions from within host populations might add additional insight. A survey questioning the impact a large scale development had on people’s lives was central to the research. However, due to difficulties getting survey data from a large scale development in Samoa the research has focused on providing the arguments above from literature and on secondary research aims of seeking the governments views and strategies to deal with tourism and linking these strategies back to literature.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of battery utilization and energy consumption in the large-scale development of urban electric vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (17) ◽  
pp. e2017318118
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Zhenpo Wang ◽  
Zuo-Jun Max Shen ◽  
Fengchun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
The Impact

Electrifying transportation in the form of the large-scale development of electric vehicles (EVs) plays a pivotal role in reducing urban atmospheric pollution and alleviating fossil fuel dependence. However, the rising scale of EV deployment is exposing problems that were previously hidden in small-scale EV applications, and the lack of large-scale EV operating data deters relevant explorations. Here, we report several issues related to the battery utilization and energy consumption of urban-scale EVs by connecting three unique datasets of real-world operating states of over 3 million Chinese EVs, operational data, and vehicle feature data. Meanwhile, by incorporating climatic data and EV data outside China, we extend our models to several metropolitan areas worldwide. We find that blindly increasing the battery energy of urban EVs could be detrimental to sustainable development. The impact of changes in the energy consumption of EVs would be exacerbated in large-scale EV utilization, especially during seasonal shifts. For instance, even with a constant monthly driving demand, the average energy consumption of Beijing light-duty EVs would change by up to 21% during winter–spring shifts. Our results may also prove useful for research on battery resources, urban power supply, environmental impacts, and policymaking.

Can Values of Honesty, Hard Work, Loyalty and Discipline Predict Entrepreneurial Orientation of Muslim Owner Managers?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohani Mohd ◽  
Badrul Hisham Kamaruddin ◽  
Khulida Kirana Yahya ◽  
Elias Sanidas
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
Innovative Orientation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
True Values

The purpose of the present study is twofold: first, to investigate the true values of Muslim owner managers; second, to examine the impact of these values on entrepreneurial orientations of Muslim small-scale entrepreneurs. 850 Muslim owner managers were selected randomly using the sampling frame provided by MajlisAmanah Rakyat Malaysia (MARA). 162 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. For this paper only two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientations were analyzed: proactive orientation and innovative orientation. Interestingly, the findings revealed that Muslim businessmen/women are honest, loyal, disciplined and hard working. Loyalty and honesty are positively related to proactive orientation, while discipline and hard-work are positively related to innovative orientation. The findings provide implications for existing relevant theories, policy makers, practitioners and learning institutions. 

Overseas Development Administration. A Guide to Social Analysis for Projects in Developing Countries. London: HMSO. 1995. viii+248 pages. Hardbound. £18.95.

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overseas Development

This book, hereinafter referred to as the Guide, has been developed for those social analysts (e.g., anthropologists, sociologists, and human geographers) who have had little or no practical experience in applying their knowledge as development practitioners. In the past, development projects would be analysed from a narrow financial and economic perspective. But with the evolution of thinking on development, this narrow financial and economic aspect has now been broadened to include the impact on society as the very meaning of development has now come to symbolise social change. Thus, development is not restricted only to plans and figures; the human environment in its entirety is now considered for analysis while designing and implementing development projects.

Scale Development: Measuring Job-Family Incivility

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
W G S Mahalekamge ◽  
Nilakshi W K Galahitiyawe
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compound Effect

The main contribution of this paper is the development of the job-family incivility scale. This paper seeks to explore the complex inter-relationships between workplace incivility and family incivility dimensions of job-family incivility by examining the dynamic processes by which job-family incivility is initiated and sustained using a scale development approach. In doing so, the paper highlights the absence of valid and reliable measures that estimate the compound effect of workplace incivility and family incivility – referred to as job-family incivility. A scale development process introduced by Quazi et al. (2016) is presented and stages in the construction of the scale are discussed including measures of validity and reliability. The findings of the study demonstrate the validity and reliability of the job-family incivility scale developed by the current researchers. The main aims of this research are to emphasize the impact of workplace incivility and family incivility on the employees in the work environment, and to discuss the techniques that can be used to mitigate such detrimental activities.

scholarly journals Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4658
Author(s):  
Artur Guzy ◽  
Wojciech T. Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Model ◽  
Impact Of Mining

Land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal induced by mining is a relatively unknown phenomenon. This is primarily due to the small scale of such movements compared to the land subsidence caused by deposit extraction. Nonetheless, the environmental impact of drainage-related land subsidence remains underestimated. The research was carried out in the “Bogdanka” coal mine in Poland. First, the historical impact of mining on land subsidence and groundwater head changes was investigated. The outcomes of these studies were used to construct the influence method model. With field data, our model was successfully calibrated and validated. Finally, it was used for land subsidence estimation for 2030. As per the findings, the field of mining exploitation has the greatest land subsidence. In 2014, the maximum value of the phenomenon was 0.313 cm. However, this value will reach 0.364 m by 2030. The spatial extent of land subsidence caused by mining-induced drainage extends up to 20 km beyond the mining area’s boundaries. The presented model provided land subsidence patterns without the need for a complex numerical subsidence model. As a result, the method presented can be effectively used for land subsidence regulation plans considering the impact of mining on the aquifer system.

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