Urban mobilizations and municipal policies to un-make housing precarity

City ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Gabriele D’Adda
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Policies

Constructed Attitudes toward the Roma: A French Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
French Case ◽  
The Impact

AbstractForty per cent of Europeans refuse to have Roma as their neighbours, while 80 per cent of these do not even have direct contact with them. Using these statistics as a point of departure, this study analyzes how attitudes toward Roma are constructed. It proposes to investigate this process in two similar environments but where local integration policies directed toward Roma differ, resulting in disparate forms of intergroup contact. The analysis is premised on two theoretical assumptions: that the integration of migrants is a local public policy issue and that intergroup contact frames attitudes between majority and minority groups. From semi-structured interviews in the French municipalities of La Courneuve and Ivry-sur-Seine, four theories are empirically tested: the contact theory, the halo effect, the impact of local immigrant integration policies and media influence. This study demonstrates that the implementation of municipal policies in favour of Roma integration can improve their living conditions and thus deconstruct prejudices attributable to their precarious situation. In addition, it illustrates how the media activate, maintain or solidify the way Roma are perceived.

scholarly journals Public health policies as guides for local public policies: the experience of Sobral-Ceará, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Odorico Monteiro Andrade ◽  
Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha Bareta ◽  
Cid Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Ondina Maria Chagas Canuto
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
The North ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
Family Health Strategy

The accelerated urbanisation process that Brazil has gone through in the last 50 years has given rise to daunting challenges for public managers, especially in terms of local public policy management for the building of “healthy cities”. In Sobral, a municipality of 173,000 inhabitants in Ceará in the North-eastern region of Brazil, a number of municipal policies were initiated beginning in 1997, many in partnership with the federal and state governments. They were inspired by the vision of a healthy and equitable city and were marked by strategic planning and the implementation of intersectoral projects. This article lays out some of the actions and their results, including an increase in the public supply of drinking water from 65% to 97% of households; an increase in sewage networks from 7% to 65%; an increase in public refuse collection from 42% to 90%; the expansion of green areas; the construction of nine kilometres of bicycle paths; the universalisation of integral health care through the Family Health Strategy through a network with specialised out-patient and hospital services; and a 148% increase in the number of children enrolled in primary school. These initiatives also resulted in the improvement of quality of life indicators, including a reduction in infant mortality from 61.4 to 19.0 per thousand live births, a drop in the mortality rate from traffic accidents from 33.40 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2001 to 15.25 in 2003; and a jump in literacy rates among children in the first cycle of primary school from 40 to 90.7%. In the present article, the authors describe some of the successful strategies and projects initiated between 1997 and 2003, and discuss how this experience could be reproduced in other communities across Brazil and around the world.

scholarly journals City Best Practices to Improve Transit Operations and Safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle DeRobertis ◽  
Christopher E. Ferrell ◽  
Richard W. Lee ◽  
David Moore
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Metropolitan Planning ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
The City ◽  
Policies And Practices

Public, fixed-route transit services most commonly operate on public streets. In addition, transit passengers must use sidewalks to access transit stops and stations. However, streets and sidewalks are under the jurisdiction of municipalities, not transit agencies. Various municipal policies, practices, and decisions affect transit operations, rider convenience, and passenger safety. Thus, these government entities have an important influence over the quality, safety, and convenience of transit services in their jurisdictions. This research identified municipal policies and practices that affect public transport providers’ ability to deliver transit services. They were found from a comprehensive literature review, interviews and discussions with five local transit agencies in the U.S., five public transportation experts and staff from five California cities. The city policies and practices identified fall into the following five categories: Infrastructure for buses, including bus lanes, signal treatments, curbside access; Infrastructure for pedestrians walking and bicycling to, and waiting at, transit stops and stations; Internal transportation planning policies and practices; Land development review policies; Regional and metropolitan planning organization (MPO) issues. The understanding, acknowledgment, and implementation of policies and practices identified in this report can help municipalities proactively work with local transit providers to more efficiently and effectively operate transit service and improve passenger comfort and safety on city streets.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Relationship between Mangrove and Aquaculture in Maowei Sea Based on Object-oriented Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 03022
Author(s):  
Zixin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Method ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Texture Characteristics ◽  
Ground Target ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
Aquaculture Area ◽  
Object Oriented Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Before 2000, a large number of mangrove forests in Guangxi were cut down for aqua-cultural purposes. After 2000, with the introduction of national, provincial and municipal policies on mangrove protection, this phenomenon was less frequently seen. By using the object-oriented method, referring to the spectral and texture characteristics of the ground target, and using the Landsat remote sensing images of 2000-2019, this paper extracts and analyzes the area and change of mangrove and aquaculture area in Maowei sea, Guangxi. The results show that the use of object-oriented methods can extract mangroves and aquaculture areas with higher accuracy. The area of mangroves generally shows an upward trend, with the area of aquaculture increasing first and then decreasing.

“Bringing Cities Back In” To Canadian Political Science: Municipal Public Policy and Immigration

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude-Claire Fourot
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Canadian Federalism ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
National Models

AbstractUsually, the state of urban research in Canadian political science leads to pessimistic evaluations. This pessimism is belied by one emerging area of study: research on Canadian municipal public policies and immigration, which has flourished over the last 20 years. This article tracks the evolution of this research. First, I retrace how municipal policies for immigrants have been studied, and show how comparison is a central component of this literature. Second, I analyze the dynamics of agenda setting, as well as variables for decision making and implementation. Third, I make three propositions for future research, which are i) to examine the reciprocal relationship between attitudes towards immigration and local public policies and politics; ii) to study local public policy as constructions rather than responses and iii) to revisit the use of national models of integration for cities. In conclusion, I underline the positive outcomes of “bringing cities back in” to Canadian political science, not only to better understand political regulation and Canadian federalism, but also to have a more complete view of the immigrant integration policies.

Tentative friendships among low-income migrants in São Paulo’s commercial districts

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Amrith
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
The City ◽  
Networks Of Support

The city of São Paulo, historically important as a destination for migrants from across the world, has experienced newer waves of immigration in the past few decades. As Brazilian national legislation and municipal policies have been ill prepared to handle these recent flows, migrants find themselves without much institutional support and rely instead on other networks to find their way in the city. This article is based on ethnographic research among low-income migrants in São Paulo, many of whom are employed as tailors and garment vendors in the city’s thriving central commercial neighbourhoods. Migrants from Bolivia, Peru, China, Pakistan and Nepal co-exist alongside working-class Brazilians. This article traces the everyday forms of conviviality among these migrants who find themselves in precarious conditions in São Paulo. It will consider the lines along which friendships and networks of support and sociability are built and the depth of such relationships. It also considers the points of tension which divide people and strain potential friendships, for instance, when migrants compete to sell their goods and are exploited by ‘fellow migrants’ to survive in the city. What we see is an ambivalent field of interaction that is convivial yet competitive and distrustful.

scholarly journals The Effects of Municipal Policy on Green Building Designations in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-63
Author(s):  
Choi Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Green Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Municipal Policy ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Supply Side Factors

This article describes the results of a quantitative examination of the effect of municipal policies on the number of commercial office buildings with a green building designation. Many states and cities have adopted green building requirements and incentives as policy instruments. During this study, an ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis was conducted using American inner cities as a unit of analysis and coding municipal green building regulations and incentives as four separate dummy variables. The study also included four factors grouped by a factor analysis-supply-side factors, demand-side factors, air quality, and temperature-to control for external effects that can affect the decision to implement green building construction. The results indicate that, at the municipal level, regulatory policy has been a strong tool to promote green office building developments, as expected, but incentive-based policies have not been as effective, with the exception of administrative incentives.

scholarly journals Post-City (III): Co-spatiality Politics and New Mediality

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-266
Author(s):  
Dmitri Zamiatin
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Political Ontology ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
The One ◽  
Urban Media

One of the most significant factors influencing the co-spatialities regimes of post-urban communities is the development of new urban media. On the one hand, new urban media symbolizes the complex transition to new post-urban communities and new spatial regimes of their existence; on the other hand, they are the basic element of the newly emerging policies of co-spatialities. From the phenomenological point of view, post-politics is treated as the growing dominance of flat communicative ontologies in post-urban spaces, characterized by the disintegration of the traditional modern methods of communication. A post-urban locality is defined as a medial co-being, centering the next here-and-now cartography of imagination, which can be considered as a post-political action. The de-territorialization of post-urban communities takes place through the “smoothing” of urban spaces, turning them into mostly “smooth spaces” with the help of the new media. Specific local geo-cultures, a new, “rhizomatic” type whose development is based on the post-political transcription of socialization and medialization of urban spaces, are formed. The affectivity of post-urban co-spatialities is manifested in the gradual increase in the number of new specific urban actors that herald the slipping away of traditional state and municipal policies. The post-political can be considered as a sphere of geo-semiotic violence aimed at the over-coding of co-spatial situations. The mapping of co-spatialities reproduces the Earth as a total chora of post-political ontology. The post-city nomos constantly forms a communicative periphery with the missing center, where any message can signal the transactions of imagination aimed at the devaluation of “center–periphery” systems.

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