A computational process modeling framework, informed by accurate material characterization, is presented for virtual manufacturing of wind energy thermoset composites. Process modeling simulations of composite microstructures are carried out to predict in-situ matrix property evolution and performance-altering residual stress generation. To achieve this, comprehensive material characterization effort is carried out. A novel material property dataset for a widely-used wind energy thermoset system is generated as a function of the temperature and curing. Informed by these material properties, the ability of the process model to reliably estimate manufacturing-induced residual stresses is highlighted. For a prescribed cure cycle, in-situ elastic modulus evolution, chemical and thermal strains, and random fiber distribution are shown to significantly influence residual stress generation. The results also show that a full process modeling analysis that includes the complete cure cycle (instead of the standard approach of just considering post-processing cool-down) is necessary to accurately predict manufacturing-induced residual stresses.