Blessing or Burden? The Impact of Peace Services on Peace and Violence in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jeannine Suurmond ◽  
Alexandros Lordos ◽  
Prakash Mani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Party Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Recent literature highlights the potential of infrastructures for peace for peacebuilding and violence prevention. An increasing number of studies examine cases of infrastructures for peace, yet little is known about the services individuals actually use when facing conflict. This study investigates local agency in the context of infrastructures for peace in Nepal. Adopting a quantitative approach, we explore the relationship between use of third party support for dealing with conflict (‘peace services’) and individual experiences of peace and violence. Results show that the more respondents reported use of services that actively engage their recipients in dealing with their conflicts, such as mediation, the more peace they experienced in different dimensions of their lives and the lower their propensity for violence was. In contrast, the more respondents reported use of services that require only passive involvement and do not directly focus on the conflict at hand, such as sharing information, the less intrapersonal and intercommunity peace they experienced and the higher their propensity for violence was. Encouraging the use of active peace services could allow more people to enjoy their benefits and ultimately prevent violence and strengthen peace. Future research could further explore the linkages between everyday use of third party support and people's experience of peace and violent behaviour, including direction of effect.

scholarly journals The Sixth Species Extinction Event by Humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Victor John Nazarevich
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The number of species becoming extinct has drawn a significant deal of attention from scientists and non-scientists alike. This research reviews recent literature citing evidence for the impact humans have had on our planet and how our biological systems are affected in both known species of flora and fauna as well as unknown species of flora and fauna, the latter lacking documentation as well as sightings by humans. Theoretical research is derived from previous research investigating the impacts of humankind’s use of the land as well as population increases. Though there are many different definitions of what a mass extinction is and gradations of extinction intensity, a conservative approach is used to assess the seriousness of the current ongoing extinction crisis, setting the highest level of recognition for mass extinction, in extreme diversity loss associated with the Big Five extinction events (Barnosky, 2011). Understanding the relationship between extinction and functional diversity over time will be critical for making conservation work (Boyer & Jetz, 2014). If another mass extinction is allowed to progress, it would mean the end of biodiversity as we know it and would also mean that greater pressure would be placed on both humans and flora and fauna to survive in a world completely changed by the Anthropocene. Over the course of 8,000-10,000 years, humans grew in population and changed the landscape of the Earth (Foley, 2013). The research concludes that focus should be on preserving the environment and future research should be performed on the study of unknown species.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Relationship Between Initial Injury, Referral to A Pain Clinic, and Medical Retirement from the Army: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
Justin J Stewart ◽  
Diane Flynn ◽  
Alana D Steffen ◽  
Dale Langford ◽  
Honor McQuinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pain Care ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Introduction Soldiers are expected to deploy worldwide and must be medically ready in order to accomplish their mission. Soldiers unable to deploy for an extended period of time because of chronic pain or other conditions undergo an evaluation for medical retirement. A retrospective analysis of existing longitudinal data from an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Center (IPMC) was used to evaluate the temporal relationship between the time of initial duty restriction and referral for comprehensive pain care to being evaluated for medical retirement. Methods Patients were adults (>18 years old) and were cared for in an IPMC at least once between May 1, 2014 and February 28, 2018. A total of 1,764 patients were included in the final analysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of duration between date of first duty restriction documentation and IPMC referral to the outcome variable of establishment of a permanent 3 (P3) profile. Results The duration between date of first duty restriction and IPMC referral showed a curvilinear relationship to probability of a P3 profile. According to our model, a longer duration before referral is associated with an increased probability of a subsequent P3 profile with the highest probability peaking at 19 months. The probability of P3 declines gradually for those who were referred later. Discussion This is the first time the relationship between time of initial duty restriction, referral to an IPMC, and subsequent P3 or higher profile has been tested. Future research is needed to examine medical conditions listed on the profile to see how they might contribute to the cause of referral to the IPMC. Conclusion A longer duration between initial duty restriction and referral to IPMC was associated with higher odds of subsequent P3 status for up to 19 months. Referral to an IPMC for comprehensive pain care early in the course of chronic pain conditions may reduce the likelihood of P3 profile and eventual medical retirement of soldiers.

The Relationship between Mentoring Functions and Employee Performance: Mediating Effects of Protégé Relational Self-Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoukat Malik ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relational Self ◽  
Mentoring Functions ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Organizational scholars concurred that positive workplace relationships with others can helps employee to gain from these relationships but, they lack insights into how or why this occurs. Moreover, the relationship dynamics focus on what the relationships provide without considering the how these relationships initiated, builds and maintains. To line of this, the current study aims to find the impact of mentoring functions (career, psychosocial, role modeling) and employee performance (career success, organization citizenship behavior, and job performance) via mediating effect of relational self-efficacy. For this purpose, the data were gathered from 310 branch banking employees of Pakistani conventional banks. PLS-SEM was used for data analysis. The results indicate that there is direct relationship between mentoring functions and employee’s performance. Moreover, the finding also shows that employee relational self-efficacy mediates the relationship between mentoring functions and employee performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed along with suggestions for future research.

Fire, people and ecosystem change in Pleistocene Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1960s, Australian scientists have speculated on the impact of human arrival on fire regimes in Australia, and on the relationship of landscape fire to extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Australia. These speculations have produced a series of contrasting hypotheses that can now be tested using evidence collected over the past two decades. In the present paper, I summarise those hypotheses and review that evidence. The main conclusions of this are that (1) the effects of people on fire regimes in the Pleistocene were modest at the continental scale, and difficult to distinguish from climatic controls on fire, (2) the arrival of people triggered extinction of Australia’s megafauna, but fire had little or no role in the extinction of those animals, which was probably due primarily to hunting and (3) megafaunal extinction is likely to have caused a cascade of changes that included increased fire, but only in some environments. We do not yet understand what environmental factors controlled the strength and nature of cascading effects of megafaunal extinction. This is an important topic for future research.

scholarly journals An Examination of Individualism within Employee Help-Seeking Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Randall P. Settoon ◽  
Sang H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dense Networks ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
Regional Medical Center ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Prior research focusing on the impact of individualistic orientations on the performance of cooperative behaviors has produced mixed results. Researchers have concluded that the self-focused orientation of individualists will lead them to be less cooperative than others. On the other hand, some scholars have argued that helping others is core to individualists’ self-concept and that competently assuming the role of help-giver is a source of intrinsic satisfaction. In this study, we test this proposition by examining individualistic orientations within employee help-seeking networks. Results from a sample of 107 employees within a regional medical center indicate that the level of individualism in helping-seeking networks is positively associated with help-seekers’ perceptions of support. Further, the results suggest that the relationship is stronger in dense networks. Implications of this work and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Shame Mediates the Relationship Between Pain Invalidation and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Boring ◽  
Kaitlyn T. Walsh ◽  
Namrata Nanavaty ◽  
Vani A. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internalized Shame ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The experience of pain is subjective, yet many people have their pain invalidated or not believed. Pain invalidation is associated with poor mental health, including depression and lower well-being. Qualitative investigations of invalidating experiences identify themes of depression, but also social withdrawal, self-criticism, and lower self-worth, all of which are core components of shame. Despite this, no studies have quantitatively assessed the interrelationship between pain invalidation, shame, and depression. To explore this relationship, participants recounted the frequency of experienced pain invalidation from family, friends, and medical professionals, as well as their feelings of internalized shame and depressive symptoms. As shame has been shown to be a precursor for depression, we further explored the role of shame as a mediator between pain invalidation and depressive symptoms. All sources of pain invalidation were positively associated with shame and depressive symptoms, and shame fully mediated the relationship between each source of pain invalidation and depression. Relative to other sources, pain invalidation from family was most closely tied to shame and depression. Overall, findings indicate that one mechanism by which pain invalidation may facilitate depression is via the experience of shame. Future research may explore shame as a potential upstream precursor to depression in the context of pain. Findings provide more insight into the harmful influence of pain invalidation on mental health and highlight the impact of interpersonal treatment on the experiences of people in pain.

scholarly journals The Impact of Board Capital on Internationalization of SMEs: Initial Theoretical Considerations

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Monika Bužavaitė ◽  
Renata Korsakiene
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Board Capital ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Agency Resource

The study aims to investigate the relationship between Board capital and internationalization of SMEs. The study implements a systematic review and synthesis of scientific literature. The article presents useful insights into the concept of Board capital, Agency, Resource dependency, Institutional theories, and Resource-Based view. These theories give us a better understanding of Board capital, the firm’s management and behavior. The analysis of recent studies suggests that external members of the Board might positively affect internationalization outcomes and be useful in overcoming obstacles during the initiation of international activities. Nevertheless, international entrepreneurship literature is still lacking studies considering Board capital. A deeper investigation of Board capital factors impacting the internationalization of SMEs can be stated as a future research direction. 

scholarly journals The impact of Perception Of Organizational Politics on Organizational Citizenship Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-420
Author(s):  
HyunSung Kim ◽  
SeaYoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perception Of Organizational Politics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between POPs, OJ, OCB, BJW and LPS. Also, this study examined the mediating effect of OJ on the relationship between POPs and OCB. And this study examined the moderating effect of BJW on the relationship between POPs and OJ and the moderating effect of LPS on the relationship between OJ and OCB. Data were collected from 283 employees from a number of companies. The result of this study showed that the relationship between POPs and OJ is significantly negative and the relationship between OJ and OCB is significantly positive. Also, OJ fully mediated the relationship between POP and OCB. And BJW didn't moderated the relationship between POPs and OJ. And LPS moderated the relationship between OJ and OCB. Finally, based on the results, the implication of this study and the direction for future research were discussed.

Contextual Factors Influencing Recommendations for Service Provision by Guardian ad litem and Court-Appointed Special Advocates

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
Jeremiah W. Jaggers ◽  
Emily Beerbower ◽  
David Kondrat ◽  
Matthew C. Aalsma ◽  
James A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
County Level ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Guardian Ad Litem ◽  
Special Advocates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Email Survey

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of county-level variables on services offered to children who have guardian ad litem/court-appointed special advocate (GAL/CASA) representation. An email survey was sent to GALs and CASAs inviting them to participate in the study. A total of 473 GALs/CASAs completed the survey, with 437 meeting criteria for the study. Our sample represents 33 of 92 Indiana counties. We found the number and types of services ordered were strongly influenced by county contextual characteristics. Families served by a GAL/CASA in urban counties with more poverty received more services. In contrast, families with a GAL/CASA residing in counties with a greater percentage of minorities generated fewer services. Future research should focus on why environmental conditions influence GAL/CASA recommendations for services. Lastly, the relationship between the GAL/CASA race and the race of the families they serve should be explored.

The Impact of Parental Depression on Children’s Smartphone Addiction: A Serial Mediation Model With Parental Neglect and Children’s Self-Esteem

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110375
Author(s):  
Il Bong Mun ◽  
Seyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Parental Depression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Parental Neglect ◽  
Serial Mediation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigates the mechanisms underlying the relationship between parental depression and children’s smartphone addiction. It explores the effects of parental depression on children’s smartphone addiction, as well as the mediating roles of parental neglect and children’s self-esteem in this relationship, which multiplies sequentially. We utilize data—comprising 2,396 children and their parents—from the National General Survey on Korean Children, using parent–child dyads. First, a hierarchical regression analysis shows that parental depression significantly and positively predicts children’s smartphone addiction ( B = .29, SE = .03, p < .001). Second, Hayes’s PROCESS macro (Model 6), executed to test the mediation effects, reveals that the effect of parental depression on children’s smartphone addiction is significantly mediated by parental neglect ( B = .07, Boot SE = .01, 95% Boot CI [.05, .10]) and children’s self-esteem ( B = .12, Boot SE = .01, 95% Boot CI [.10, .14]). Moreover, the serial mediation model’s results support that parental neglect and children’s self-esteem serially mediate the relationship between parental depression and children’s smartphone addiction ( B = .02, Boot SE = .004, 95% Boot CI [.01, .03]), implying that a higher level of parental depression is sequentially associated with increased parental neglect that reduces children’s self-esteem and consequently accelerates their smartphone dependence. The theoretical and practical implications of the results as well as the directions for future research are discussed.

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