Updating futsal physiology, immune system, and performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Leandro Borges ◽  
Alexandre Dermargos ◽  
Renata Gorjão ◽  
Maria F. Cury-Boaventura ◽  
Sandro M. Hirabara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
And Performance

The digestive/reproductive tract microbiota dominates over host genetics in regulating chicken egg production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyan Li ◽  
Shilin Tian ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Yuan Su ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background: The microbiota of the digestive and reproductive systems has a prominent role in animal health and performance, but the extent of its contribution is difficult to determine. In chickens, the effect of host genetics on the reproductive and digestive tract microbiota is unclear, and the means by which digestive/reproductive microbiomes help improve egg production in chicken are unknown. Results: To gain insight into this, we examined genomes from 128 chickens reared under identical conditions and described their digestive (crop, gizzard and small intestine) and reproductive tract (vagina, uterus and isthmus) microbiota. Although the diversity, composition and predicted function of the digestive and reproductive tract microbiota exhibited notable microbiota variation substantially between different parts, host genetics had limited effects on the reproductive and digestive tract microbial community. The digestive and reproductive tract microbiota had a significant effect on egg production (accounting for 52.31% - 98.86% of the variance), after correcting for host genetic effects; in particular, the uterus and isthmus microbiota accounted for an average of 93.59% and 98.86%, respectively, of variance in egg production. We further identified four reproductive tract microbial species which were related to immune system, Bacteroides fragilis , Bacteroides salanitronis , Bacteroides barnesiae and Clostridium leptum , that were significantly positively correlated with egg production. Chickens with a lower abundance of these species had produced significantly fewer eggs at 300 days of age (37.13 vs. 113.75) than those with a higher abundance of these microorganisms. We speculated that these microorganisms regulate chicken reproductive activity by mediating its immune system. Conclusions: Host genetics has limited effect on digestive/reproductive microbiome composition. The distinct site-associated chicken microbiome may be determined by the differences of their physical function. These findings may help design strategies for controlling and altering the digestive/reproductive tract microbiota in chickens to improve egg production.

scholarly journals Does Flavonoid Consumption Improve Exercise Performance? Is It Related to Changes in the Immune System and Inflammatory Biomarkers? A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies since 2005

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias ◽  
Abril Gorgori-González ◽  
Malén Massot-Cladera ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Improve Exercise Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Shed Light

Flavonoids are attracting increasing attention due to their antioxidant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their role in exercise performance in association with immune function. This systematic review firstly aimed to shed light on the ergogenic potential of flavonoids. A search strategy was run using SCOPUS database. The returned studies were screened by prespecified eligibility criteria, including intervention lasting at least one week and performance objectively quantified, among others. Fifty-one studies (54 articles) met the inclusion criteria, involving 1288 human subjects, either physically untrained or trained. Secondly, we aimed to associate these studies with the immune system status. Seventeen of the selected studies (18 articles) assessed changes in the immune system. The overall percentage of studies reporting an improved exercise performance following flavonoid supplementation was 37%, the proportion being 25% when considering quercetin, 28% for flavanol-enriched extracts, and 54% for anthocyanins-enriched extracts. From the studies reporting an enhanced performance, only two, using anthocyanin supplements, focused on the immune system and found certain anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids. These results suggest that flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, may exert beneficial effects for athletes’ performances, although further studies are encouraged to establish the optimal dosage and to clarify their impact on immune status.

Development of Immunity Based Adaptive Control Laws for Aircraft Fault Tolerance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres E. Perez ◽  
Hever Moncayo ◽  
Israel Moguel ◽  
Mario G. Perhinschi ◽  
Dia Al Azzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
System Response ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Control Surfaces

This paper presents the development and testing of a novel fault tolerant adaptive control system based on a bio-inspired immunity-based mechanism applied to an aircraft fighter model. The proposed baseline control laws use a non-linear dynamic inversion and model reference adaptive control on the inner loops of the aircraft dynamics. In this new approach, the baseline controllers are augmented with an artificial immune system mechanism that relies on a direct compensation inspired primarily by the biological immune system response. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through a full 6 degrees-of-freedom aircraft model interfaced with a Flight gear environment. The performance of the proposed control laws are investigated under a novel set of performance metrics, which quantify the level of input activity from the pilot and from the control surfaces in order to ensure the stability and performance of the aircraft under different actuator and structural failures. Optimization of the parameters of the artificial immunity system is performed using a genetic algorithm. The results show that the optimized fault tolerant adaptive control laws improve significantly the failure rejection using minimum pilot input and control surfaces activity under upset flight conditions.

scholarly journals n-3 Fatty acids and mood: the devil is in the detail

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Long Chain

Increasing evidence suggests that a low dietary intake of the n-3 long-chain PUFA EPA and DHA may contribute not only to the risks for various physical illnesses (particularly cardiovascular and immune system disorders), but also to many disorders of mental health and performance1,2. From their recent comprehensive review of the evidence for these n-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders3, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) made the following recommendations:

scholarly journals Appeasing Pheromones against Bovine Respiratory Complex and Modulation of Immune Transcript Expressions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
Caroline Hervet ◽  
Justine Boullier ◽  
Marlène Guiadeur ◽  
Léa Michel ◽  
Laure Brun-Lafleur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
And Performance

Bovine respiratory disease is still a major concern and has major economic impact. Another consequence of respiratory infections is the use of antimicrobial molecules to control bacterial pathogens. This can participate in the emergence and shedding of antimicrobial resistance that can threaten animal as well as human health. Appeasing pheromones with their capacity to reduce stress and thus their ability to preserve the functions of the immune system have been proposed to reduce the use of antimicrobial substances. In this study, we assessed the effect of appeasing pheromone administration on bovine health and performance during the fattening period. Zootechnical and health parameters and whole blood immune transcript expressions were measured over four weeks in bulls to determine the effect of the pheromone. We observed increased clinical signs on Day 8 (D8) and decreased clinical signs on D30 in bulls who received the pheromone and a higher expression of interleukin 8 transcripts in this group than in the control group on D8. Our results are overall in line with previous reports in livestock species. Further studies are needed to shed more light on the effect of appeasing pheromones and decipher their exact mechanisms of action.

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