scholarly journals Does Flavonoid Consumption Improve Exercise Performance? Is It Related to Changes in the Immune System and Inflammatory Biomarkers? A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies since 2005

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias ◽  
Abril Gorgori-González ◽  
Malén Massot-Cladera ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Improve Exercise Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Shed Light

Flavonoids are attracting increasing attention due to their antioxidant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their role in exercise performance in association with immune function. This systematic review firstly aimed to shed light on the ergogenic potential of flavonoids. A search strategy was run using SCOPUS database. The returned studies were screened by prespecified eligibility criteria, including intervention lasting at least one week and performance objectively quantified, among others. Fifty-one studies (54 articles) met the inclusion criteria, involving 1288 human subjects, either physically untrained or trained. Secondly, we aimed to associate these studies with the immune system status. Seventeen of the selected studies (18 articles) assessed changes in the immune system. The overall percentage of studies reporting an improved exercise performance following flavonoid supplementation was 37%, the proportion being 25% when considering quercetin, 28% for flavanol-enriched extracts, and 54% for anthocyanins-enriched extracts. From the studies reporting an enhanced performance, only two, using anthocyanin supplements, focused on the immune system and found certain anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids. These results suggest that flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, may exert beneficial effects for athletes’ performances, although further studies are encouraged to establish the optimal dosage and to clarify their impact on immune status.

scholarly journals Exercise time cues (zeitgebers) for human circadian systems can foster health and improve performance: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Lewis ◽  
Horst W Korf ◽  
Liz Kuffer ◽  
J Valérie Groß ◽  
Thomas C Erren
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

BackgroundCircadian system time cues (zeitgebers) acting synergistically at the right times can foster chronobiological homeostasis and ultimately health. Modern 24/7 societies are challenging chronobiological homeostasis and public health. Exercise has been discussed as a potential zeitgeber for the human circadian system. Thus, if timed correctly, exercise may help in maintenance of chronobiological homeostasis and foster public health amidst increasingly challenging 24/7 lifestyles.ObjectiveTo test, using a systematic review of the literature, the following hypothesis: exercise is a zeitgeber for the human circadian system.Data sourcesThe PubMed database was systematically searched on 19 October 2017 for relevant scientific studies and reports concerning chronobiology and exercise. Eligibility criteria were defined to include articles considering exercise as a potential zeitgeber for human circadian rhythmicity or chronobiological effects of exercise on health and/or physical performance. Cognitive effects and effects on children were excluded from the synthesis.ResultsOur systematic literature search and synthesis is compatible with the validity of the hypothesis. We report that potential exercise-zeitgeber properties may be used to improve health and performance.ConclusionsInformed timing of exercise, specific to the circadian rhythm phase and zeitgeber exposure of the individual, must be advocated in performance and disease contexts as an adjunct therapeutic or preventative strategy and physical enhancer.

scholarly journals Body-Cooling Paradigm in Sport: Maximizing Safety and Performance During Competition

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Adams ◽  
Yuri Hosokawa ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
Improve Exercise Performance ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
And Performance

Context:Although body cooling has both performance and safety benefits, knowledge on optimizing cooling during specific sport competition is limited.Objectives:To identify when, during sport competition, it is optimal for body cooling and to identify optimal body-cooling modalities to enhance safety and maximize sport performance.Evidence Acquisition:A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify articles with specific context regarding body cooling, sport performance, and cooling modalities used during sport competition. A search of scientific peer-reviewed literature examining the effects of body cooling on exercise performance was done to examine the influence of body cooling on exercise performance. Subsequently, a literature search was done to identify effective cooling modalities that have been shown to improve exercise performance.Evidence Synthesis:The cooling modalities that are most effective in cooling the body during sport competition depend on the sport, timing of cooling, and feasibility based on the constraints of the sports rules and regulations. Factoring in the length of breaks (halftime substitutions, etc), the equipment worn during competition, and the cooling modalities that offer the greatest potential to cool must be considered in each individual sport.Conclusions:Scientific evidence supports using body cooling as a method of improving performance during sport competition. Developing a strategy to use cooling modalities that are scientifically evidence-based to improve performance while maximizing athlete’s safety warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Bottom-Up Interventions Effective in Promoting Work Engagement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina M. Björk ◽  
Pernilla Bolander ◽  
Anna K. Forsman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Engagement Interventions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Promoting work engagement is of interest to organizations across sectors due to the associated positive outcomes. This interest warrants research on the evidence of work engagement interventions. Intervention research increasingly advocates a bottom-up approach, highlighting the role of employees themselves. These workplace interventions often encourage employees to identify, develop, and make use of workplace resources. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the effectiveness and potential underlying mechanisms of these bottom-up, resource-developing interventions.Method: Systematic searches were conducted in the online databases Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Ultimate, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Publication year range was 2000–2020. Eligibility criteria were defined using PICOS. To be eligible for the systematic review, the intervention study identified had to aim at promoting working individuals’ work engagement by developing workplace resources from bottom-up. Work engagement had to be measured using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The systematic review included one-, two-, or multiple-armed – randomized or non-randomized – intervention studies with various study designs. Further, a meta-analysis was conducted on a sub-set of the studies included in the systematic review. To be eligible for the meta-analysis, the studies had to be two- or multiple-armed and provide the information necessary to compute effect sizes.Results: Thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review. The majority reported that overall work engagement increased as an effect of the intervention. The evidence regarding the sub-components of work engagement was scattered. Potential underlying mechanisms explored were intervention foci, approach, and format. Dimensions of satisfaction and performance were identified as secondary outcomes. Participant experiences were generally described as positive in most of the studies applying mixed methods. The meta-analysis showed a small but promising intervention effect on work engagement (24 studies, SMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.34 to −0.11, with I2=53%, indicating moderate inconsistency in the evidence).Conclusion: The synthesized evidence suggests that bottom-up, resource-developing interventions are effective in the promotion of work engagement. The meta-analysis suggests that focusing on strengths use or mobilizing ego resources and adopting a universal approach increase intervention effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Impact of Face Masks on Performance and Physiological Outcomes during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keely A. Shaw ◽  
Gordon A. Zello ◽  
Scotty J. Butcher ◽  
Jong Bum Ko ◽  
Leandy Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mask Condition ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFace masks are promoted for preventing spread of viruses; however, wearing a mask during exercise might increase CO2 rebreathing, decrease arterial oxygenation, and decrease exercise performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on the impact of wearing a mask during exercise. Data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. Eligibility criteria included all study designs comparing surgical, N95, or cloth masks to a no mask condition during any type of exercise where exercise performance and/or physiological parameters were evaluated. Healthy and clinical participants were included. Mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Twenty-two studies involving 1,573 participants (620 females, 953 males) were included. Surgical, or N95 masks did not impact exercise performance (SMD −0.05 [-0.16,0.07] and −0.16 [-0.54,0.22], respectively) but increased ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (SMD 0.33 [0.09,0.58] and 0.61 [0.23,0.99]) and dyspnea (SMD 0.6 [0.3,0.9] for all masks). End-tidal CO2 (MD 3.3 [1.0, 5.6] and 3.7 [3.0,4.4] mmHg), and heart rate (MD 2 [0,4] beats/min with N95 masks) slightly increased. Face masks can be worn during exercise with no influences on performance and minimal impacts on physiological variables.PROSPERO RegistrationCRD42020224988Novelty PointsFace masks can be worn during exercise with no impacts on performance and minimal impacts on physiological variables.

scholarly journals Deconstructing AMO framework: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Marin-Garcia ◽  
Juan Martinez Tomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measures Of Performance ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose: The AMO framework has been widely accepted in HRM literature for explaining the linkage between human resources practices and performance. However, it remains unclear whether this model has been fully demonstrated or not. Hence, we propose a systematic review that aims at identifying those investigations that have thoroughly tested the model, as well as the approaches used by them.Design/methodology/approach: Systematic literature review, filtering scientific papers published in journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science or Google Scholar, from the year 1993 to 2016, in the field of Social Sciences and Humanities with research that indirectly apply the AMO model in their analysis.Findings: AMO model is an excellent and structured framework that provides a better understanding of the relationship between HRM and performance. Moreover, the effectiveness of the model's proposal appears to be beyond doubt. In fact, a well trained and skilled employee will perform better, and a motivated worker will be ready to "go the extra mile". Likewise, if the work environment does not provide adequate opportunities, both abilities and motivation might become meaningless. However, we consider that many other factors could influence the positive effects of HPWS. As a matter of fact, not only contextual factors, but also individual beliefs, personal affinities, or personal circumstances (among others) might affect the implementation of these practices and the subsequent outcomes. For this reason, we consider that developing an HRM model that perfectly fit any situation is a very complicated, if not impossible, task.Research limitations/implications: The results show a significant variability in both research approaches and variables taken into consideration. In addition, it seems that little research has been conducted to verify the AMO model directly. Therefore, we consider that there is a great need to study the model from a more systematic perspective. A thorough understanding of the model could lead to a better understanding of the problems that organizations face when implementing human resource practices.Originality/value: Our study shed light on some aspects of the AMO framework within the HRM context. Specifically, we aimed to identify whether or not it is possible to confirm the model as it was originally proposed. We also find out which HR practices and measures of performance were considered across investigations, to define a standard approach.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus salivarius Subspecies salicinius SA-03 is a New Probiotic Capable of Enhancing Exercise Performance and Decreasing Fatigue

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mon-Chien Lee ◽  
Yi-Ju Hsu ◽  
Hsieh-Hsun Ho ◽  
Shih-Hung Hsieh ◽  
Yi-Wei Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Lactobacillus Salivarius ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Improve Exercise Performance ◽  
Exercise Fatigue

Probiotics are increasingly being used as a nutritional supplement by athletes to improve exercise performance and reduce post-exercise fatigue. Lactobacillus salivarius is a natural flora in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salicinius (SA-03) is an isolate from the 2008 Olympic women’s 48 kg weightlifting gold medalist’s gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated its beneficial effects on physical fitness. Male ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and orally administered with SA-03 for 4 weeks at 0, 2.05 × 109, 4.10 × 109, or 1.03 × 1010 CFU/kg/day. Results showed that 4 weeks of SA-03 supplementation significantly improved muscle strength and endurance performance, increased hepatic and muscular glycogen storage, and decreased lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels after exercise. These observations suggest that SA-03 could be used as a nutritional supplement to enhance exercise performance and reduce.

scholarly journals Effects of cryotherapy methods on circulatory, metabolic, inflammatory and neural properties: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Freire ◽  
Jeam Geremia ◽  
Bruno Manfredini Baroni ◽  
Marco Aurélio Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Neuromuscular System ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pressure Oxygen ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Abstract Introduction: The cooling therapy (cryotherapy) is commonly used in clinical environmental for the injuries treatment according to its beneficial effects on pain, local inflammation and the recovery time of patients. However, there is no consensus in the literature about the effects of cryotherapy in the physiological reactions of affected tissues after an injury. Objective: To realize a systematic review to analyze the cryotherapy effects on circulatory, metabolic, inflammatory and neural parameters. Materials and methods: A search was performed in PubMed, SciELO, PEDro and Scopus databases following the eligibility criteria. Included studies were methodologically assessed by PEDro scale. Results: 13 original studies were selected and presented high methodological quality. Discussion: The cryotherapy promotes a significant decrease in blood flow, in venous capillary pressure, oxygen saturation and hemoglobin (only for superficial tissues) and nerve conduction velocity. However, the effect of cryotherapy on the concentration of inflammatory substances induced by exercise, as the creatine kinase enzyme and myoglobin, remains unclear. Conclusion: The physiological reactions to the cryotherapy application are favorable to the use of this therapeutic tool in inflammatory treatment and pain decrease, and demonstrate its importance in the neuromuscular system injuries rehabilitation.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Opioid Use Disorder and Related Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca M. Bryant ◽  
Ellen Eaton ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

The objective of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD) and its related biomarkers, as well as the effects of pharmacotherapy for OUD on biomarkers. The eligibility criteria are the inclusion of human population studies focusing on biomarkers, including the immune system, related to OUD or opioid-related disorders. English, peer reviewed, original research, case studies or case series, and clinical trials were included in this review. Papers were excluded if they met one or more of the following criteria: animal studies, review articles, studies focusing only on OUD or opioid-related disorders without mention of potential biomarkers, studies focusing only on biomarkers and/or the immune system without relating to OUD or opioid-related disorders, and studies that focused on other substance use disorders other than OUD specifically. A PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases search on August 25, 2020, yielded 101 results; only 14 articles met inclusion criteria that were included in this review. However, heterogeneity of study definitions and measurements should be noted. Various potential biomarkers indicated systemic, peripheral, and chronic inflammation in patients with OUD or opioid-related disorders. Medications, including buprenorphine and methadone, significantly decreased chronic inflammation in this population. Our results suggest that patients with OUD or opioid-related disorders have potential biomarkers that can be targeted to provide optimal treatment options for this population. A better understanding of potential biomarkers may assist to identify at-risk populations, monitor disease progression and treatment response, and develop therapeutic strategies for OUD.Systematic Review Registration: This review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020202014).

scholarly journals The Effects of Multi-Component Interventions on Cognition: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 650-650
Author(s):  
Sangwoo Ahn ◽  
Joel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Given the lack of a cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the number of people with AD is expected to surge unless the onset is delayed. Although there have been efforts to examine the effects of single-domain neuroprotective interventions on cognition, no conclusive results have been found so far. Due to the multifactorial causes of AD, interventions combining multiple neuroprotective components may induce more beneficial effects. However, there are few comprehensive reviews evaluating the effects of multi-domain programs on cognition. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of currently available multi-component interventions on cognition such as global cognition, episodic memory, and/or executive function affected early in AD. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO up to September 2020. Of the 1,445 articles located, 17 met eligibility criteria (n = 10,056, mean age = 72.8 years). According to the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, 8 and 9 studies had strong and moderate overall quality, respectively. The effect sizes of each included study were calculated using Cohen’s d. Multi-component interventions comprising physical activity, cognitive exercise, cardioprotective nutrition, and/or cardiovascular health consultation/education exerted beneficial effects on cognition (very small to moderate effect sizes; Cohen’s d = 0.16 to 0.77). Clinically, health care providers are recommended to consider those elements to potentially stave off AD. There is a pressing need for researchers to identify optimally effective doses of neuroprotective multi-component interventions.

Determining Psychoneuroimmunologic Markers of Yoga as an Intervention for Persons Diagnosed With PTSD: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Ann Kelly ◽  
Dian Dowling Evans ◽  
Helen Baker ◽  
Jessica Noggle Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Objective Outcomes

There is a growing body of research on yoga as a therapeutic intervention for psychological symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) accompanied by speculations on underlying physiologic mechanisms. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify, qualitatively evaluate, and synthesize studies of yoga as an intervention for PTSD that measured physiologic outcomes in order to gain insights into potential mechanisms. The focus is on studies evaluating yoga as a therapeutic intervention for PTSD rather than for trauma exposure, PTSD prevention, or subclinical PTSD. Multiple databases were searched for publications from the past two decades using terms derived from the question, “In people with PTSD, what is the effect of yoga on objective outcomes?” Eligibility criteria included yoga-only modalities tested as an intervention for formally diagnosed PTSD with at least one physiologic outcome. Results of this review confirmed that, though much of the published literature proposes physiological mechanisms underlying yoga’s effects on PTSD, very few studies ( n = 3) have actually evaluated physiological evidence. Additionally, several studies had methodological limitations. In light of the limited data supporting yoga’s beneficial effects on autonomic nervous system dysregulation, we present a theoretical model of the psychoneuroimmunologic processes associated with PTSD and the effects yoga may have on these processes to guide future research. Gaps in the literature remain for mechanisms related to activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and inflammation. Additional rigorous mechanistic studies are needed to guide development of effective yoga interventions for PTSD to augment existing evidence-based PTSD treatments.

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