Trafficking in Human Beings: Training and Services among US Law Enforcement Agencies

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah G. Wilson ◽  
William F. Walsh ◽  
Sherilyn Kleuber
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings

scholarly journals WAYS TO IMPROVE LEGAL STANDARDS TO COUNTER TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
І. І. Гальона
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
The Right

The relevance of the article is that the construction of a democratic legal system of Ukraine primarily involves reforming existing legislation, which would really guarantee the inviolability of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of society and citizens from unlawful encroachments. Implementation of these tasks by law enforcement agencies, which are obliged to use available forces, means and take effective measures to combat human trafficking. The effectiveness of such measures largely depends on the professional knowledge and skills of investigators and operatives who conduct operational and investigative activities and are involved in covert investigative (investigative) activities, especially those committed by members of organized groups and criminal organizations during the pre-trial investigation. misdemeanors and criminal offenses. At the same time, improving the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in combating trafficking in human beings requires, first of all, a significant improvement of legal norms, first of all, criminal and criminal procedure law, aimed at improving preventive measures of police and investigation and preventive responsibility for these crimes. The purpose of the study is the theoretical development and implementation of effective rules of criminal law in order to successfully prevent and investigate trafficking. It was found that a person who has been granted the status of a victim of trafficking in human beings has the right to personal security, respect, as well as free access to: information about their rights and opportunities, expressed in the language of such a person; medical, psychological, social, legal and other necessary assistance; temporary placement, at the request of the victim and in the absence of housing, in institutions for victims of trafficking, for up to three months, which if necessary may be extended by decision of the local state administration, in particular in connection with participation of a person as a victim or witness in criminal proceedings; compensation for moral and material damage at the expense of the persons who caused it, in the manner prescribed by the Civil Code of Ukraine; one-time financial assistance in the manner prescribed by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; assistance in employment, realization of the right to education and professional training.

Female Racial and Linguistic Exploitation Through Economics: A Marxist Feminist Analysis of Kamila Shamsie’s Selected Works

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-94
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Feminist Analysis ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
History Of

Regardless of quality education, alteration of conservative era into modernization and escalating the streamers of gender equality, women are still standing at the verge of being victim of cruelty, injustice, malice, forced marriages, sexual violence and hatred. The law enforcement agencies themselves become part of exploiting women’s rights, co-modifying them and reinforcing the stereotype in this patriarchal society. When discussing the fate of women it matters less whether they are the women of East or West. Culture change, place change, traditions and values change, but the thing that never change is the behavior of community towards women. However, women are going to become abandoned or protagonist, it depends upon the inner courage of women. For an instance, women become helpless and start feeling them as the caged birds that can never flew independently. On the other hand, some women refuse to become the part of darkness and decide to become spark in nightfall. Moreover, Pakistan is land of tremendous examples about such women. Since the dawn history of human beings, subjugation towards the identity of women’s status has been observed in different communities and cultures. Additionally, this subjugation is deeply rooted and exists on a large scale in Pakistani society. Therefore, this proposed study is the splendid reflection of this acrimonious datum by ascertaining our point of view with the bounteous examples from the stories of “Burnt Shadows”, “Broken Verses” and “Home Fire” by Kamila Shamsie. This study will be a milestone for presenting the women’s condition in Pakistan and clearing the depiction that in developing countries like Pakistan, women are only victims of cruelty. For this purpose, Marxist’s interpellation theory was used to enlighten the feminist, race and language analysis by using the primary and secondary sources for data collection. Results concluded on the basis detailed analysis of all the novels explain that the systematic flow in the lives of women that is hidden in the generosity of world that can rampant the prestige of humanity up to great extent.

Trafficking in Human Beings for Forced Labour. Contemporary Trends and Threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-279
Author(s):  
ANETA ŁYŻWA
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Employee Rights ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Penal Codes ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Drugs And Crime ◽  
Employment Rights

The article is devoted to the issue of human trafficking in legal and criminological terms, with particular emphasis on the exploitation of victims of the crime for work or forced services. The author introduces the essence of forced labour by reaching for many of its legal definitions contained in legal acts in the rank of conventions, as well as ordinary laws. At the same time, it highlights the factors that characterize the type of work indicated and allow to distinguish it from other types of violations, including violation of employee rights. The phenomenon of human trafficking is shown through the prism of its current evaluation tendencies, both globally and regionally (European, and especially EU). To this end, the author presents statistical data collected in recent years by, inter alia, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the International Labour Organization, the International Organization for Migration and the European Commission. She emphasizes, however, that the actual scale of the aforementioned crime remains unknown. A significant part of the discussion focuses on the issue of human trafficking in modern Poland, showing the scale of the dealings in question, diagnosed in recent years by law enforcement agencies. A lot of attention is also paid to the spectrum of crime threats on the Polish labour market from the perspective of foreigners. Thus, with particular care, she considers the problem of violating the employment rights of Ukrainian citizens as the largest group of foreigners illegally employed in Poland. She also shows the legal situation in this area of the citizens of Belarus, Moldova, India and Russia. She discusses this issue in the context of activities of the National Labour Inspectorate included in the audit report for 2017. The author further scientific interest includes the issue of criminalization of human trafficking in selected countries around the world. In this respect, it refers primarily to legal regulations contained in the Latvian, Hungarian, Swiss, Finnish, Ukrainian and Liechtenstein penal codes. The author’s ambition was to present the indicated issues in a concise manner, while also taking into account its most important aspects.

Transgender-Specific Politics and Policy in Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Israt Kabir ◽  
Khadiza Tul Qubra Binte Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Minority People

Acute discrimination has been witnessed across Asia regardless of individual countries’ specific policies towards transgender people. As individuals, it would be reassuring to believe that Article 1 of the UN Charter, which states that “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights,” would encourage people to ignore gender differences. In different parts of Asia, even where transgender people have been officially recognized, their rights are fragile. Indeed, today activists focus more on women’s rights than on the rights of all sexual minorities, who as a consequence often live in extreme poverty and ill-health. The exclusion of the transgender community in governmental policymaking is another salient reason for their current living conditions. Even though transgender candidates participate in elections in most countries, their representation in parliaments is rare. Furthermore, violence toward the transgender community is such a common scenario that it has become normalized. Victims rarely get support because of legal loopholes and the unwillingness of the law enforcement agencies to help. Transgender and gender diverse people are not only targeted but also discriminated by law through a denial of gender marker change on official documents; the criminalization of the gender and sexual preferences of transgender and gender diverse people; the exploitation of public order, homelessness, and minor offenses; the criminalization of consensual homosexuality and intimacy; and police abuses even in the absence of a specific offense. Regardless of parliamentary legislation and other legal frameworks, policymakers and law enforcement agencies routinely operate outside the law to violate the rights of transgender and sexual minority people. Among the abuses reported by transgender persons are blackmail, extortion, public humiliation, and physical and sexual violence. If policies to socially integrate transgender and gender diverse peoples are not implemented, the state of the transgender community in Asia will not improve.

scholarly journals Role and place of international legal acts in the formation of legal enforcement against trafficking in human beings

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Oleh Yemets ◽  
Mykhaylo Hribov ◽  
Dmytro Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to determine the role and place of UN international legal acts in the formation and development of legal support for combating trafficking in human beings, followed by the publication of the results obtained. This will facilitate the process of adapting the national legal system to the requirements of international treaties to which Ukraine is a party. It has been found that international legal acts in this area can cover almost all countries of the world, as well as only a number of states in a certain part of it. The first acts are adopted mainly by the UN General Assembly, or, for example, the International Labor Or-ganization, which, although it was formed before the UN was founded, but is now its specialized Agency. The analysis of the content provisions these documents allowed us to determine the impact of each of them on the formation of the legal framework for combating trafficking in human beings. Special mention should be made of the Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others of 1949 and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children of 2000. The 1949 Convention has been found more to address sexual issues rather than trafficking in human beings. The Protocol today plays a key role in the development of legal support for combating trafficking in human beings, as it provides a definition for this phenomenon that is now reflected in other later international treaties, as well as national legislation of various countries, although with some comments. This Protocol provides for a systematic approach to many issues arising in the work of of law enforcement and other authorities, as well as during cooperation in countering this transnational crime. The obtained and published results can be used by scientists in further research in this area, as well as law enforcement officers in the combating human trafficking.

Penerapan Hukum Wakaf Uang di Indonesia Perspektif Legal System Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masdar Masdar
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

Cash waqf in Indonesia has been long enough implemented based on some rules enacted by government and other rules defined by The Waqf Board of Indonesia (BWI). However, the implementation of cash waqf has not reached the level of success. Therefore, this article studies the application of cash waqf law in Indonesia according to Friedman’s legal system theory. The legal system theory of Friedman firstly looks at the substance of the law, which is the rules or regulations; and secondly it examines the structure of the law, encompassing the law enforcement agencies, such as judge, prosecutor, police and legal counselors. And lastly the theory examines the element of legal culture, which is a response from Muslim society. The first two examinations indicate that there is nothing to be a problem. But from the last examination there is a problem regarding the trust from Muslim society. From the legal culture point of view, the implementation of cash waqf by the government, which is performed by BWI, needs attracting society’s credentials in order to improve and maximize the performance of cash waqf in Indonesia.

ANALISIS ABORSI DALAM PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO. 61 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ferry Fadzlul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Government

Abortion is a social phenomenon that is increasingly alarming. The concern is not without reason, because so far the behavior of abortion many negative effects both for themselves the perpetrators and the wider community. With the passing of the Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health still raises the pros and cons in the middle of the community. The approach used to address the problem that the above problems are normative juridical approach. Based on the results of the study need to decriminalize abortion in Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health which has the goal of creating the legal basis for abortion and the experts who helped him as an indication of a medical emergency or pregnancy due to rape, and factors inhibiting the decriminalization of abortion is legal factors themselves, law enforcement officials factors, factors facilities or infrastructure, community factors, and cultural factors. Suggestion that the author should the government needs to review the Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health in particular Article 31 and Article 34 within the limited evidence of rape victims in just 40 days because of the time limit is not relative to the law enforcement agencies to prove it, as well as regarding the evidentiary aspects of pregnancy due to rape victims in order to avoid an impression of legitimizing the act of abortion in any form. Keywords: Abortion, , Reproductive Health

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