scholarly journals Lower impact forces but greater burden for the musculoskeletal system in running shoes with greater cushioning stiffness

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Laurent Malisoux ◽  
Paul Gette ◽  
Anne Backes ◽  
Nicolas Delattre ◽  
Daniel Theisen
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Running Shoes

Influence of Attached Masses on Impact Forces and Running Style in Heel-Toe Running

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bahlsen ◽  
Benno M. Nigg
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
High Speed Film ◽  
Vertical Impact

Impact forces analysis in heel-toe running is often used to examine the reduction of impact forces for different running shoes and/or running techniques. Body mass is reported to be a dominant predictor of vertical impact force peaks. However, it is not evident whether this finding is only true for the real body mass or whether it is also true for additional masses attached to the body (e.g., running with additional weight or heavy shoes). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of additional mass on vertical impact force peaks and running style. Nineteen subjects (9 males, 10 females) with a mean mass of 74.2 kg/56.2 kg (SD = 10.0 kg and 6.0 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Additional masses were attached to the shoe (.05 and .1 kg), the tibia (.2, .4, .6 kg), and the hip (5.9 and 10.7 kg). Force plate measurements and high-speed film data were analyzed. In this study the vertical impact force peaks, Fzi, were not affected by additional masses, the vertical active force peaks, Fza, were only affected by additional masses greater than 6 kg, and the movement was only different in the knee angle at touchdown, ϵ0, for additional masses greater than .6 kg. The results of this study did not support findings reported earlier in the literature that body mass is a dominant predictor of external vertical impact force peaks.

A Theoretical Perspective on Running-Related Injuries

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Lynn Gallant ◽  
Michael Raymond Pierrynowski
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Theory ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Clinical Prevention

The etiology of running-related injuries remains unknown; however, an implicit theory underlies much of the conventional research and practice in the prevention of these injuries. This theory posits that the cause of running-related injuries lies in the high-impact forces experienced when the foot contacts the ground and the subsequent abnormal movement of the subtalar joint. The application of this theory is seen in the design of the modern running shoe, with cushioning, support, and motion control. However, a new theory is emerging that suggests that it is the use of these modern running shoes that has caused a maladaptive running style, which contributes to a high incidence of injury among runners. The suggested application of this theory is to cease use of the modern running shoe and transition to barefoot or minimalist running. This new running paradigm, which is at present inadequately defined, is proposed to avoid the adverse biomechanical effects of the modern running shoe. Future research should rigorously define and then test both theories regarding their ability to discover the etiology of running-related injury. Once discovered, the putative cause of running-related injury will then provide an evidence-based rationale for clinical prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Rest Periods on Mechanical Ageing of Running Shoes

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Tom Allen ◽  
Matthew Pagan ◽  
Ryan Martin ◽  
Olly Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ageing ◽  
Repeated Impact ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Mechanical Aging

Running is a popular form of exercise, although runners are prone to injury from repeated impact. Running shoes can limit impact forces, but they deteriorate with use. Mechanical ageing typically involves repeatedly compressing the midsole while measuring the energy absorbed within compression cycles to assess degradation. Literature suggests mechanical aging often causes a higher rate of degradation than natural ageing. This work investigated the effect of introducing rest periods into mechanical ageing. Five shoes were mechanically aged using a sine plus dwell waveform (1.25 Hz, max. load 1.5 kN) for seven hours, equating to a simulated distance of 60 km. Three of the shoes were rested for 22 hours every 20 km. The shoes aged with rest periods absorbed more energy than their unrested counterparts for the first 10 km when testing recommenced. This finding has implications for the mechanical ageing, design and recommended lifespan of running shoes.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

Quick Reference: Chapter 3: The Musculoskeletal System and Chapter 4: The Nervous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Multistep Method ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain in the former. This article, which regards rating sensory and motor deficits of the lower extremities, is continued from the March/April 2000 issue of The Guides Newsletter. Procedures for rating extremity neural deficits are described in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k for the upper extremity and sections 3.2k and 3.2l for the lower limb. Sensory deficits and dysesthesia are both disorders of sensation, but the former can be interpreted to mean diminished or absent sensation (hypesthesia or anesthesia) Dysesthesia implies abnormal sensation in the absence of a stimulus or unpleasant sensation elicited by normal touch. Sections 3.2k and 3.2d indicate that almost all partial motor loss in the lower extremity can be rated using Table 39. In addition, Section 4.4b and Table 21 indicate the multistep method used for spinal and some additional nerves and be used alternatively to rate lower extremity weakness in general. Partial motor loss in the lower extremity is rated by manual muscle testing, which is described in the AMA Guides in Section 3.2d.

Specialized Food Product with Directed Systemic Action: Innovative Technological Solutions, Performance Evaluation

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Andrey Vekovtsev ◽  
Tokhiriyon Boisjoni ◽  
Badarch Bayambaa ◽  
Victor Shelepov
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Active Additive ◽  
Macro Nutrients

The authors developed composition and innovative technology of a new specialized product in the form of a biologically active additive to normalize metabolic processes in the case of the musculoskeletal system damage. They obtained specialized product through innovative tableting technology providing high consumer properties, components preservation and its active principles. The technological solutions innovativeness enables to separate composition ingredients considering its chemical and pharmacological incompatibility, and to deliver it sequentially to various sections of the gastrointestinal tract at a given speed. Glucosamine sulfate as a part of the vitamin and mineral complex combining with minerals (micro- and macro-nutrients) – manganese sulfate, calcium hydroxyapatate, cholecoleceferol, zinc and magnesium oxides – have unidirectional functional properties related to the metabolism correction in case of the musculoskeletal system damage. Clinical investigations confirmed the vitamin and mineral complex effectiveness. The diet for children 8- 14 years old has included one capsule of the specialized product additionally three times a day. Children (3-7 years old) with the long tubular bones fracture have received one capsule twice a day. Authors tested the recipe and technological production parameters at the enterprises of the company “Artlife” under the conditions of international and domestic standards including GMP and guaranteeing the quality indicators and competitiveness stability.

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