Uranium in Drinking Water: Renal Effects of Long-Term Ingestion by an Aboriginal Community

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Limson Zamora ◽  
Jan M. Zielinski ◽  
Gerry B. Moodie ◽  
Renato A. F. Falcomer ◽  
Wendy C. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Renal Effects

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

In pursuit of sustainable water solutions in emerging regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Brunson ◽  
Lowell W. Busenitz ◽  
David A. Sabatini ◽  
Paul Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Cultural Assessment

While lack of access to consistent safe drinking water is estimated to affect nearly 2 billion people worldwide, many of the efforts to solve this crisis have proven to be unsustainable. This paper discusses some of the reasons for these challenges and suggests interdisciplinary practices that could be integrated from the very beginning of a water intervention to achieve long-term success. Of key importance for sustainable water implementation is an enabling environment that incorporates aspects such as funding, potential for market development, and supportive governance. While this enabling environment is acknowledged, the focus of this work is on the integration of three key areas: (i) social and cultural assessment of behavior and preferences; (ii) market-based implementation approaches that draw on this knowledge; and (iii) technology development for these markets.

scholarly journals Persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances pose an equivalent level of concern to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substances under REACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hale ◽  
Hans Peter H. Arp ◽  
Ivo Schliebner ◽  
Michael Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Chemicals Regulation ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
High Concern ◽  
Level Of Concern

Abstract Background Under the EU chemicals regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals EC 1907/2006), registrants are not obliged to provide information related to intrinsic substance properties for substances that pose a threat to the drinking water resources. In 2019, perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoic acid (HFPO-DA trade name GenX) were demonstrated to have an equivalent level of concern (ELoC) to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (PBT/vPvB) substances owing to their persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) substance properties and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substance properties, respectively. They were both subsequently identified as substances of very high concern (SVHC) applying Article 57(f) in REACH. This work follows up on this regulatory decision by presenting a science based, conceptual level comparison that all PMT/vPvM substances pose an ELoC to PBT/vPvB substances. Using the two cases named above, as well as 1,4-dioxane, 16 categories were developed to evaluate a) serious effects on human health, b) serious effects on the environment and c) additional effects. 1,4-dioxane has recently been proposed to be classified as Carcinogenic 1B by the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC). The aim was to enable an objective and scientifically justified conclusion that these classes of substances have an equivalent level of concern for the environment and human health. Results In all of the categories related to human health, the environment and other effects, the PMT/vPvM case study substances exhibited comparable effects to PBT/vPvB substances. A difference in the human and environmental exposure pathways of PMT/vPvM and PBT/vPvB substances exists as they vary temporally and spatially. However, effects and impacts are similar, with PMT/vPvM substances potentially accumulating in (semi-)closed drinking water cycles and pristine aquatic environments, and PBT/vPvB substances accumulating in humans and the food chain. Both PMT/vPvM and PBT/vPvB substances share the common difficulty that long term and long-range transport and risk of exposure is very difficult to determine in advance and with sufficient accuracy. Conclusion The registration process of substances under REACH should reflect that PMT/vPvM substances pose an equivalent level of concern to PBT/vPvB substances.

scholarly journals Technical Infrastructure Increasing Resistance in the Natural Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka KROČOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
The World

The natural environment has its specific patterns that a human must take into account during realisation of any technical infrastructure of the world countries. Underestimating the dangers that can arise from natural phenomena has often serious consequences. Forsome constructions of technical infrastructure, especially their line constructions, there will be a high number of operational accidentswith extremely negative impact on the supplied regions with energy or drinking water. Other types of technical infrastructure forexample in nuclear power have a potential to create a natural emergency threaten the environment not only in the country of theirdislocation but also in the long term to change living conditions in entire regions.The following article deals with this issue in a suffcient basic range suggests chat ways and means to recognize the threat of danger andthen based on risk analysis to eliminate the consequences to an acceptable level.

scholarly journals SUN-207 Modelling Long Term Glucocorticoid-Induced HPA Axis Suppression in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Romano ◽  
Peter James Duncan ◽  
Oscar Nolan ◽  
Paul Roussel Le Tissier ◽  
Mike Shipston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Glucocorticoids are prescribed for >3 months to 1% of the UK population. 10-50% of these long-term glucocorticoid treated patients develop persistent HPA axis suppression associated with mortality and morbidity. We have developed a mouse model of glucocorticoid-induced HPA axis dysfunction to determine the mechanisms resulting in persistent HPA axis suppression. Experiment 1: 36 C57BL/6 adult male mice received Dexamethasone (DEX,~10µg/day) or vehicle (CTL) via drinking water for 28 days, following which treatment was stopped and tissues were harvested at 0, 7 and 28 days. DEX suppressed waking serum corticosterone at days 0 and 7, recovering by day 28. Adrenal size remained lower 28 days following DEX withdrawal. DEX had no effect on whole pituitary pomc, nr3c1 or crhr1 expression, although avpr1b was increased at day 0. In the adrenal, hsd3b2 and cyp11a1 expression were reduced at time 0; normalising by 28 days. Experiment 2: 24 POMC-GFP male mice were treated as above. Tissues were collected at day 0 (n=6), 7 (n=3) and 10 (n=3) following withdrawal. Pooled corticotrophs (groups of 3) were isolated by FACS and RNA extracted for qPCR. DEX reduced corticotroph pomc expression at time 0 (x20 fold reduction), with x5 fold suppression at day 7, which recovered with evidence of compensation by day 10. DEX increased expression of avpr1b but not crhr1. CONCLUSION: 28 days dexamethasone treatment in mice suppresses the HPA axis. HPA suppression is evident 7 days following withdrawal of dexamethasone in the adrenal, corticotroph population and corticosterone production. Further analysis will determine mechanisms for delays in HPA axis recovery.

scholarly journals Long-Term Provision of Acidified Drinking Water Fails to Influence Autoimmune Diabetes and Encephalomyelitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundararajan Jayaraman ◽  
Arathi Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
Partial Blocking

Induction of autoimmune diseases is predisposed by background genetics and influenced by environmental factors including diet and infections. Since consumption of acidified drinking water leads to eradication of gastrointestinal pathogens in animals, we tested whether it may also influence the development of autoimmune diseases. The frequency of spontaneously occurring type 1 diabetes in female NOD mice that were maintained on acidified drinking water by the vendor did not alter after switching to neutral water in our facility. In addition, experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis was also unaffected by the pH of the drinking water. Interestingly, administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant alone or emulsified with a neuronal peptide to induce neurodegenerative disease during the prediabetic stage completely prevented the onset of diabetes regardless of the pH of the drinking water. However, exposure to microbial products later in life had only a partial blocking effect on diabetes induction, which was also not influenced by the ionic content of the drinking water. Taken together, these data indicate that the onset of autoimmune diseases is not influenced by the gastrointestinal pathogen-depleting treatment, acidified drinking water. Thus, administration of acidic drinking water does not appear to be an option for treating autoimmune diseases.

Renal effects of long‐term lithium therapy, revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kâzım Yazıcı ◽  
Elçin Özçelik Eroğlu ◽  
Aygün Ertuğrul ◽  
A. Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu ◽  
Esen Ağaoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
Renal Effects
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