The theory and practice of indigenous dispossession in the late nineteenth century: the Saami in the far north of Europe and the legal history of colonialism

Abstract Located at the intersection of four regions, the Middle East, East Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia, Afghanistan is a country whose legal history is sure to be diverse and exciting at the confluence of multiple legal currents. In the book Afghanistan Rising: Islamic Law and Statecraft between the Ottoman and British Empires, Faiz Ahmed shows how Afghanistan could be regarded as a pivot for Islamic intellectual currents from the late nineteenth century onward, especially between the Ottoman Empire and South Asia. Afghanistan Rising makes us aware of our own assumptions of the study of Islamic law that has been artificially carved out during the rise of area studies, including Islamic studies. Ahmed provides a good paradigm for a legal history of a country that was attentive to foreign influences without being overwhelmed by them. While pan-Islamism is often portrayed as a defensive ideology that developed in the closing decades of the nineteenth century in reaction to high colonialism, the plotting of Afghanistan's juridical Pan-Islam in Ahmed's book is a robust and powerful maneuver out of this well-trodden path, as the country escaped being “landlocked” mainly by cultivating regional connections in law.

Download Full-text

The Modernities of H. Lawrence Freeman

Journal of the American Musicological Society ◽

10.1525/jams.2019.72.3.719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 719-779

Author(s):

David Gutkin

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

New York ◽

Reception History ◽

Black Press ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Starting Point ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

White Press ◽

Grand Opera

H. Lawrence Freeman's “Negro Jazz Grand Opera,” Voodoo, was premiered in 1928 in Manhattan's Broadway district. Its reception bespoke competing, racially charged values that underpinned the idea of the “modern” in the 1920s. The white press critiqued the opera for its allegedly anxiety-ridden indebtedness to nineteenth-century European conventions, while the black press hailed it as the pathbreaking work of a “pioneer composer.” Taking the reception history of Voodoo as a starting point, this article shows how Freeman's lifelong project, the creation of what he would call “Negro Grand Opera,” mediated between disparate and sometimes apparently irreconcilable figurations of the modern that spanned the late nineteenth century through the interwar years: Wagnerism, uplift ideology, primitivism, and popular music (including, but not limited to, jazz). I focus on Freeman's inheritance of a worldview that could be called progressivist, evolutionist, or, to borrow a term from Wilson Moses, civilizationist. I then trace the complex relationship between this mode of imagining modernity and subsequent versions of modernism that Freeman engaged with during the first decades of the twentieth century. Through readings of Freeman's aesthetic manifestos and his stylistically syncretic musical corpus I show how ideas about race inflected the process by which the qualitatively modern slips out of joint with temporal modernity. The most substantial musical analysis examines leitmotivic transformations that play out across Freeman's jazz opera American Romance (1924–29): lions become subways; Mississippi becomes New York; and jazz, like modernity itself, keeps metamorphosing. A concluding section considers a broader set of questions concerning the historiography of modernism and modernity.

Download Full-text

Theodore H. Friedgut, Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America: Identity Transitions in the New Odessa Jewish Commune, Odessa, Oregon, New York, 1881–1891, together with Israel Mandelkern, Recollections of a Communist (ed. and annotated Theodore H. Friedgut). Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2014. 199 pp.

10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0044 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

New York ◽

Life Experience ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Foster Mother ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Identity Transitions ◽

Israeli Kibbutz

This chapter reviews the book Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America: Identity Transitions in the New Odessa Jewish Commune, Odessa, Oregon, New York, 1881–1891 (2014), by Theodore H. Friedgut, together with Israel Mandelkern, Recollections of a Communist (edited and annotated by Theodore H. Friedgut). Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America is a two-in-one volume that explores an obscure episode in the history of the Jews in the late nineteenth century while at the same time connecting much of its content to the author’s own life experience as a son of western Canada’s Jewish farming colonies and, later, as an ideologically driven halutz on an Israeli kibbutz. Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America retells one branch of the mostly forgotten history of the Am Olam agricultural movement and brings a new layer into the discussion of global Jewish agrarianism, while Recollections of a Communist offers an edited and annotated version of a memoir written by Mandelkern.

Download Full-text

Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198746676.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nurit Yaari

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

The Political ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Jewish Culture ◽

The Past ◽

Future State ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

State Of Israel

This chapter examines the lack of continuous tradition of the art of the theatre in the history of Jewish culture. Theatre as art and institution was forbidden for Jews during most of their history, and although there were plays written in different times and places during the past centuries, no tradition of theatre evolved in Jewish culture until the middle of the nineteenth century. In view of this absence, the author discusses the genesis of Jewish theatre in Eastern Europe and in Eretz-Yisrael (The Land of Israel) since the late nineteenth century, encouraged by the Jewish Enlightenment movement, the emergence of Jewish nationalism, and the rebirth of Hebrew as a language of everyday life. Finally, the chapter traces the development of parallel strands of theatre that preceded the Israeli theatre and shadowed the emergence of the political infrastructure of the future State of Israel.

Download Full-text

Schopenhauer’s Pessimism in Context

The Oxford Handbook of Schopenhauer ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190660055.013.20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 283-298

Author(s):

Mark Migotti

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Human Life ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Human Flourishing ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Early Eighteenth Century

In this chapter, the author attempts to establish what is philosophically living and what is philosophically dead in Schopenhauer’s pessimism. Against the background of the intriguing the history of the terms “optimism” and “pessimism”—in debates about Leibniz’s theodicy in the early eighteenth century and the popularity of Schopenhauer in the late nineteenth century, respectively—the author points up the distinction between affirming life, which all living beings do naturally, and subscribing to philosophical optimism (or pessimism), which is possible only for reflective beings like us. Next, the author notes the significance of Schopenhauer’s claim that optimism is a necessary condition of theism and explains its bearing on his pessimistic argument for the moral unacceptability of suicide. The chapter concludes that Schopenhauer’s case for pessimism is not conclusive, but instructive; his dim view of the prospects for leading a truly rewarding, worthwhile human life draws vivid attention to important questions about how and to what degree an atheistic world can nevertheless be conducive to human flourishing.

Download Full-text

Police Records

The Oxford Handbook of Law and Humanities ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695620.013.34 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 797-819

Author(s):

Cristina Vatulescu

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Detective Fiction ◽

Media History ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

The Novel ◽

Police Records ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This chapter approaches police records as a genre that gains from being considered in its relationships with other genres of writing. In particular, we will follow its long-standing relationship to detective fiction, the novel, and biography. Going further, the chapter emphasizes the intermedia character of police records not just in our time but also throughout their existence, indeed from their very origins. This approach opens to a more inclusive media history of police files. We will start with an analysis of the seminal late nineteenth-century French manuals prescribing the writing of a police file, the famous Bertillon-method manuals. We will then track their influence following their adoption nationally and internationally, with particular attention to the politics of their adoption in the colonies. We will also touch briefly on the relationship of early policing to other disciplines, such as anthropology and statistics, before moving to a closer look at its intersections with photography and literature.

Download Full-text

Sufis and the Sufi Lodges in Istanbul in the Late Nineteenth Century: A Socio-Spatial Analysis

Journal of Urban History ◽

10.1177/00961442211025253 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009614422110252

Author(s):

Ahmet Yusuf Yüksek

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Spatial Analysis ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Religion And Spirituality ◽

Spatial History ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Social Profiles

This study investigates the socio-spatial history of Sufism in Istanbul during 1880s. Drawing on a unique population registry, it reconstructs the locations of Sufi lodges and the social profiles of Sufis to question how visible Sufism was in the Ottoman capital, and what this visibility demonstrates the historical realities of Sufism. It claims that Sufism was an integral part of the Ottoman life since Sufi lodges were space of religion and spirituality, art, housing, and health. Despite their large presence in Istanbul, Sufi lodges were extensively missing in two main areas: the districts of Unkapanı-Bayezid and Galata-Pera. While the lack of lodgess in the latter area can be explained by the Western encroachment in the Ottoman capital, the explanation for the absence of Sufis in Unkapanı-Bayezid is more complex: natural disasters, two opposing views about Sufi sociability, and the locations of the central lodges.

Download Full-text

‘He came to her bed pretending courtship’: sex, courtship and the making of marriage in Ulster, 1750–1844

Irish Historical Studies ◽

10.1017/ihs.2018.32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (162) ◽

pp. 244-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leanne Calvert

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Sexual Activity ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Presbyterian Church ◽

Sex And Sexuality ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Formed Part

AbstractThe history of sex and sexuality is underdeveloped in Irish historical studies, particularly for the period before the late-nineteenth century. While much has been written on rates of illegitimacy in Ireland, and its regional diversity, little research has been conducted on how ordinary women and men viewed sex and sexuality. Moreover, we still know little about the roles that sex played in the rituals of courtship and marriage. Drawing on a sample of Presbyterian church records, this article offers some new insights into these areas. It argues that sexual intercourse and other forms of sexual activity formed part of the normal courtship rituals for many young Presbyterian couples in Ulster. Courting couples participated in non-penetrative sexual practices, such as petting, groping and bundling. Furthermore, while sexual intercourse did not have a place in the formal route to marriage, many couples engaged in it regardless.

Download Full-text

Insomnia and the late nineteenth-century insomniac: the case of Albert Kimball

Interface Focus ◽

10.1098/rsfs.2019.0074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 20190074 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew Beaumont

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Urban Society ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

Victorian Period ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

The Individual

This article explores the emergence, in late nineteenth-century Britain and the USA, of the ‘insomniac’ as a distinct pathological and social archetype. Sleeplessness has of course been a human problem for millennia, but only since the late-Victorian period has there been a specific diagnostic name for the individual who suffers chronically from insufficient sleep. The introductory section of the article, which notes the current panic about sleep problems, offers a brief sketch of the history of sleeplessness, acknowledging the transhistorical nature of this condition but also pointing to the appearance, during the period of the Enlightenment, of the term ‘insomnia’ itself. The second section makes more specific historical claims about the rise of insomnia in the accelerating conditions of everyday life in urban society at the end of the nineteenth century. It traces the rise of the insomniac as such, especially in the context of medical debates about ‘neurasthenia’, as someone whose identity is constitutively defined by their inability to sleep. The third section, tightening the focus of the article, goes on to reconstruct the biography of one exemplary late nineteenth-century insomniac, the American dentist Albert Kimball, in order to illustrate the claim that insomnia was one of the pre-eminent symptoms of a certain crisis in industrial and metropolitan modernity as this social condition was lived by individuals at the fin de siècle .

Download Full-text

Affect and the history of masculinities

Qualitative Research Journal ◽

10.1108/qrj-03-2014-0005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 28-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chris Brickell

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

New Zealand ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Close Attention ◽

Content Type ◽

Relational Quality ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth

Purpose – Many scholarly disciplines are currently engaged in a turn to affect, paying close attention to emotion, feeling and sensation. The purpose of this paper is to locate affect in relation to masculinity, time and space. Design/methodology/approach – It suggests that historically, in a range of settings, men have been connected to one another and to women, and these affective linkages tells much about the relational quality and texture of historically experienced masculinities. Findings – Spatial settings, in turn, facilitate, hinder and modify expressions and experiences of affect and social connectedness. This paper will bring space and time into conversation with affect, using two examples from late nineteenth-century New Zealand. Originality/value – If masculinities scholars often focus on what divides men from women and men from each other, the paper might think about how affect connects people.

Download Full-text