The controversial role of as-needed short-acting β2-agonist monotherapy in mild asthma: Short review of current guidelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Simon Couillard ◽  
Louis-Philippe Boulet ◽  
Philippe Lachapelle
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Mild Asthma ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Β2 Agonist

scholarly journals Do we really ponder about necessity of intravenous hydration in acute bronchiolitis?

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Şule Yıldırım ◽  
Nazan Kaymaz ◽  
Naci Topaloğlu ◽  
Fatih Köksal Binnetoğlu ◽  
Mustafa Tekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intravenous Hydration ◽  
Β2 Agonist ◽  
Control Study

Objective: The goal was to establish the role of intravenous hydration therapy on mild bronchiolitis. Methods: This was a retrospective case control study. Infants between 1 month and 2 years of age admitted to our general pediatrics ward between June 2012 and June 2013 with a diagnosis of uncomplicated acute bronchiolitis were enrolled to the study. Hospital medical files were reviewed to get information about children personal history, symptoms of the disease, disease severity scores and their management. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to the management; nebulized short-acting β2-agonist (salbutamol) +hydration; nebulized short-acting β2-agonist (salbutamol); hydration and neither bronchodilator nor hydration. We examined length of stay in the hospital as an outcome measure. Results: A total of 94 infants were studied. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of length of stay in hospital. Conclusions: IV hydration is not effective on length of stay in hospital in mild acute bronchiolitis patients.

scholarly journals Cost-utility of as-needed ICS-formoterol versus to maintenance ICS in mild to moderate persistent asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Antonio Buendía ◽  
Diana Guerrero Patiño
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mild Asthma ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Moderate Persistent Asthma ◽  
Β2 Agonist

Abstract Background Recent asthma guidelines, such as the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), recommend in adult patients as-needed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)-formoterol as an alternative to maintenance ICS in mild to moderate persistent asthma. The introduction of these recommendations concerns whether using as-needed budesonide-formoterol would be more cost-effective than to maintenance ICS. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of as-needed combination low-dose budesonide-formoterol compared to short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) reliever therapy in patients with mild asthma. Methods A probabilistic Markov model was created to estimate the cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of patients with mild asthma in Colombia. Total costs and QALYs of low-dose budesonide-formoterol compared to short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) were calculated over a lifetime horizon. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated at a willingness-to-pay value of $19,000. Results The model suggests a potential gain of 0.37 QALYs and per patient per year on as-needed ICS-formoterol and a reduction in the discounted cost per person-year, of as-needed ICS-formoterol to maintenance ICS, of US$40. This position of dominance of as-needed ICS-formoterol negates the need to calculate an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. In the deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, our base‐case results were robust to variations in all assumptions and parameters. Conclusion Low-dose budesonide-formoterol as a reliever was cost-effective when added to usual care in patients with mild asthma. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other middle-income countries.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

Role of the Structural Characteristics of Dendrimers in the Manifestation of the Antiamyloid Properties

INEOS OPEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
Yu. Yu. Stroilova ◽  
V. I. Muronets ◽  
Z. B. Shifrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Short Review ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Amyloid Aggregation ◽  
Amyloid Proteins ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Aggregation Processes

Among the compounds able to efficiently inhibit the amyloid aggregation of proteins and decompose the amyloid aggregates that cause neurodegenerative diseases, of particular interest are dendrimers, which represent individual macromolecules with the hypercrosslinked architectures and given molecular parameters. This short review outlines the peculiarities of the antiamyloid activity of dendrimers and discusses the effect of dendrimer structures and external factors on their antiamyloid properties. The potential of application of dendrimers in further investigations on the aggregation processes of amyloid proteins as the compounds that exhibit the remarkable antiamyloid activity is evaluated.

Telmisartan in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Asmar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Raas Blockade ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Current Guidelines

The worldwide morbidity and mortality burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is overwhelming and caused by increasing life expectancy and an epidemic of risk factors, including hypertension. Therapeutic options targeting different areas of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) to disrupt pathophysiological processes along the cardiovascular continuum are available. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are first-line treatments for CVD and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are suitable alternatives. Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs prevent CVD by lowering blood pressure (BP). Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that RAAS blockade can reduce cardiovascular risk beyond what might be expected from BP lowering alone. However, the ARBs are not all equally effective. Telmisartan is a long-lasting ARB that effectively controls BP over the full 24-hour period. Recently, the Ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global endpoint trial (ONTARGET) study showed that telmisartan reduces cardiovascular events in high cardiovascular risk patients similarly to the gold standard ACE inhibitor ramipril beyond BP lowering alone, but with a better tolerability. Based on the results of the ONTARGET and Telmisartan randomized assessment study in ACE intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND) studies, telmisartan is indicated for the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity. This article aims to review current guidelines for the management of CVD and consider key data from clinical trials and clinical practice evaluating the role of telmisartan in CVD.

Patent Foramen Ovale, the Role of Antiplatelet Therapy Alone or Anticoagulant Therapy Alone Versus Device Closure for Cryptogenic Stroke: A Review of the Literature and Current Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Harsha S. Nagarajarao ◽  
Chandra P. Ojha ◽  
Archana Kedar ◽  
Debabrata Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Narrow Channel ◽  
Paradoxical Embolism ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Guidelines

: Cryptogenic stroke and its relation to the Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a long-debated topic. Recent clinical trials have unequivocally established the relationship between cryptogenic strokes and paradoxical embolism across the PFO. This slit-like communication exists in everyone before birth, but most often closes shortly after birth. PFO may persist as a narrow channel of communication between the right and left atria in approximately 25-27% of adults. : In this review, we examine the clinical relevance of the PFO with analysis of the latest trials evaluating catheter-based closure of PFO’s for cryptogenic stroke. We also review the current evidence examining the use of antiplatelet medications versus anticoagulants for stroke prevention in those patients with PFO who do not qualify for closure per current guidelines.

scholarly journals Platelet Shape Changes during Thrombus Formation: Role of Actin-Based Protrusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 014-021
Author(s):  
Markus Bender ◽  
Raghavendra Palankar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Platelet Shape

AbstractPlatelet activation and aggregation are essential to limit blood loss at sites of vascular injury but may also lead to occlusion of diseased vessels. The platelet cytoskeleton is a critical component for proper hemostatic function. Platelets change their shape after activation and their contractile machinery mediates thrombus stabilization and clot retraction. In vitro studies have shown that platelets, which come into contact with proteins such as fibrinogen, spread and first form filopodia and then lamellipodia, the latter being plate-like protrusions with branched actin filaments. However, the role of platelet lamellipodia in hemostasis and thrombus formation has been unclear until recently. This short review will briefly summarize the recent findings on the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton and lamellipodial structures to platelet function.

scholarly journals Creatine Supplementation and Brain Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Bruno Gualano ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic ◽  
Eric S. Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Health

There is a robust and compelling body of evidence supporting the ergogenic and therapeutic role of creatine supplementation in muscle. Beyond these well-described effects and mechanisms, there is literature to suggest that creatine may also be beneficial to brain health (e.g., cognitive processing, brain function, and recovery from trauma). This is a growing field of research, and the purpose of this short review is to provide an update on the effects of creatine supplementation on brain health in humans. There is a potential for creatine supplementation to improve cognitive processing, especially in conditions characterized by brain creatine deficits, which could be induced by acute stressors (e.g., exercise, sleep deprivation) or chronic, pathologic conditions (e.g., creatine synthesis enzyme deficiencies, mild traumatic brain injury, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, depression). Despite this, the optimal creatine protocol able to increase brain creatine levels is still to be determined. Similarly, supplementation studies concomitantly assessing brain creatine and cognitive function are needed. Collectively, data available are promising and future research in the area is warranted.

scholarly journals DNA methylation as predictive marker of response to immunotherapy?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerwin Heller
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Predictive Markers ◽  
Epigenetic Factors

SummaryImmunotherapy is one of the major breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, many patients do not benefit from this type of therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for a strategy to predict treatment efficacy before start of therapy. The role of certain genetic and epigenetic factors as potential predictive markers for response to immunotherapy is discussed in this short review.

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