scholarly journals Lipid vesicle-cell interactions. II. Induction of cell fusion.

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F J Martin ◽  
R C MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Lipid Vesicle ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Avian Erythrocytes

The ability of lipid vesicles of simple composition (lecithin, lysolecithin, and stearylamine) to induce cells of various types to fuse has been investigated. One in every three or four cells in monolayer cultures can be induced to fuse with a vesicle dose of about 100 per cell. At such dosages and for exposures of 15 min to 1 h, vesicles have essentially no effect on cell viability. Under anaerobic conditions, these cells lyse rather than fuse. Avian erythrocytes are readily fused with lipid vesicles in the presence of dextran. Fusion indices increase linearly with the zeta potential of the vesicles (increasing stearylamine content), indicating that contact between vesicle and cell membrane is required. Fusion indices increase sublinearly with increasing lysolecithin content. Divalent cations increase fusion indices at high vesicle doses. The data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that cell fusion occurs via simultaneous fusion of a vesicle with two adhering cell membranes.

scholarly journals Formation of Giant Lipid Vesicles in the Presence of Nonelectrolytes—Glucose, Sucrose, Sorbitol and Ethanol

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Jincan Lei ◽  
Qiurong Qing ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hydrodynamic Force ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Membrane Models

Lipid vesicles, especially giant lipid vesicles (GLVs), are usually adopted as cell membrane models and their preparation has been widely studied. However, the effects of some nonelectrolytes on GLV formation have not been specifically studied so far. In this paper, the effects of the nonelectrolytes, including sucrose, glucose, sorbitol and ethanol, and their coexistence with sodium chloride, on the lipid hydration and GLV formation were investigated. With the hydration method, it was found that the sucrose, glucose and sorbitol showed almost the same effect. Their presence in the medium enhanced the hydrodynamic force on the lipid membranes, promoting the GLV formation. GLV formation was also promoted by the presence of ethanol with ethanol volume fraction in the range of 0 to 20 percent, but higher ethanol content resulted in failure of GLV formation. However, the participation of sodium chloride in sugar solution and ethanol solution stabilized the lipid membranes, suppressing the GLV formation. In addition, the ethanol and the sodium chloride showed the completely opposite effects on lipid hydration. These results could provide some suggestions for the efficient preparation of GLVs.

Changes in the secondary structures and zeta potential of soybean peptide and its calcium complexes in cell membrane medium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Liu ◽  
Ying Lv ◽  
Jingting Xu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Shuntang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Secondary Structures ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Calcium Complexes

In this study, soybean peptides (10-30kDa) with high calcium binding capacity were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. The results of cell experiments showed that the peptide could transport calcium...

scholarly journals Weak Electromagnetic Fields Accelerate Fusion of Myoblasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4407
Author(s):  
Dana Adler ◽  
Zehavit Shapira ◽  
Shimon Weiss ◽  
Asher Shainberg ◽  
Abram Katz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Gambogic Acid ◽  
Cell Replication ◽  
Myotube Formation ◽  
Primary Myoblast

Weak electromagnetic fields (WEF) alter Ca2+ handling in skeletal muscle myotubes. Owing to the involvement of Ca2+ in muscle development, we investigated whether WEF affects fusion of myoblasts in culture. Rat primary myoblast cultures were exposed to WEF (1.75 µT, 16 Hz) for up to six days. Under control conditions, cell fusion and creatine kinase (CK) activity increased in parallel and peaked at 4–6 days. WEF enhanced the extent of fusion after one and two days (by ~40%) vs. control, but not thereafter. Exposure to WEF also enhanced CK activity after two days (almost four-fold), but not afterwards. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA was enhanced by one-day exposure to WEF (~40%), indicating increased cell replication. Using the potentiometric fluorescent dye di-8-ANEPPS, we found that exposure of cells to 150 mM KCl resulted in depolarization of the cell membrane. However, prior exposure of cells to WEF for one day followed by addition of KCl resulted in hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. Acute exposure of cells to WEF also resulted in hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. Twenty-four hour incubation of myoblasts with gambogic acid, an inhibitor of the inward rectifying K+ channel 2.1 (Kir2.1), did not affect cell fusion, WEF-mediated acceleration of fusion or hyperpolarization. These data demonstrate that WEF accelerates fusion of myoblasts, resulting in myotube formation. The WEF effect is associated with hyperpolarization but WEF does not appear to mediate its effects on fusion by activating Kir2.1 channels.

PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE LOADED MPEGPCL NANOSUSPENSION BY MODIFIED NANOPRECIPITATION: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Soma Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride

AbstractAim and Objectives The present study was carried out to show the potential neuroprotective effects in both invitro and invivo pramipexole dihydrochloride nanosuspension for the treatment in Parkinson’s disease.Materials and Methods: Nanosuspension of pramipexole dihydrochloride was prepared with MPEG-PCL and Pluronic F68 by the process of modified nanoprecipitation technique with different concentrations of MPEG-PCL. The particle size, zeta potential, SEM, TEM and invitro dug release where performed. The cell viability study was performed by using SH-SY5Y cells. Further the formulation is evaluated for its antioxidant potential against rotenone induced neuronal damage in Wister rats such as enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidants and histopathological evaluation.Result and Discussion: The nanoformulation shows least particle size of 143 nm and maximum zeta potential value 33.4 mv with 88.53% entrapment efficiency were observed with PMPNP 2 formulation. The SEM, TEM and invitro dug release of PMPNP 2 were shows spherical shape with controlled release when compared to other formulations. Further the MTT assay were performed by using SH-SY5Y cells which shows more than 50 % cell viability with 50 µl of PPMNP 2 nanoformulation. Further the antioxidant potential done in rotenone induced neuronal damage in Wister rats. The results showed elevation in the levels of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants compared with neuronal toxic group. Further nanoformulation group showed decrease in levels of LPO which correlates with histopathological architecture.Conclusion: Our study concluded that nanoformulation showed better protective potential in both invitro and invivo compare to free drug for the treatment in Parkinson’s disease.Keywords: Pramipexoledihydrochloride; MPEG-PCL; SH-SY5Y cells; Nanoprecipitation; Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAIN LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AGAINST HUMAN COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA CELL LINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Suriyakala Perumal Chandran ◽  
Kannikaparameswari Nachimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release

Objective: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also most common gastrointestinal malignancy with high prevalence rate in the younger population. Usually, cancer cells are surrounded by a fibrin coat which is resistant to fibrinolytic degradation. This fibrin coat is act as self-protective against natural killing mechanism. The main objective was to prepare papain-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (P-SLN) by melt dispersion-ultrasonication method and investigated the cytotoxic efficacy against colorectal adenocarcinoma (human colorectal adenocarcinoma [HCT 15]) cells.Methods: Optimized polymer ratio was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, entrapment efficiency, particle size and zeta potential analysis, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity studies on HCT-15 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.Results: The results showed that the particle size, morphological character and zeta potential value of optimized batch P-SLN were 265 nm, spherical and −26.5 Mv, respectively. The in vitro drug profile of P-SLN exhibited that it produced sustain drug release, and the cell viability of HCT-15 against P-SLN shown better efficacy than pure papain enzyme.Conclusion: P-SLNs were successfully prepared and investigated the in vitro drug release and in vitro cell viability against HCT-15 cell line.

scholarly journals Transferrin-Conjugated SNALPs Encapsulating 2′-O-Methylated miR-34a for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immacolata Scognamiglio ◽  
Maria Teresa Di Martino ◽  
Virginia Campani ◽  
Antonella Virgilio ◽  
Aldo Galeone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transferrin Receptors ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chemical Conjugation ◽  
Mean Size

Stable nucleic acid lipid vesicles (SNALPs) encapsulating miR-34a to treat multiple myeloma (MM) were developed. Wild type or completely 2′-O-methylated (OMet) MiR-34a was used in this study. Moreover, SNALPs were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) in order to target MM cells overexpressing transferrin receptors (TfRs). The type of miR-34a chemical backbone did not significantly affect the characteristics of SNALPs in terms of mean size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, while the encapsulation of an OMet miR-34a resulted in a significant increase of miRNA encapsulation into the SNALPs. On the other hand, the chemical conjugation of SNALPs with Tf resulted in a significant decrease of the zeta potential, while size characteristics and miR-34a encapsulation into SNALPs were not significantly affected. In an experimental model of MM, all the animals treated with SNALPs encapsulating miR-34a showed a significant inhibition of the tumor growth. However, the use of SNALPs conjugated with Tf and encapsulating OMet miR-34a resulted in the highest increase of mice survival. These results may represent the proof of concept for the use of SNALPs encapsulating miR-34a for the treatment of MM.

scholarly journals Study on the Function of the Inositol Polyphosphate Kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 of Candida albicans in Energy Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueling Peng ◽  
Qilin Yu ◽  
Yingzheng Liu ◽  
Tianyu Ma ◽  
Mingchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Growth Activity

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inositol polyphosphate kinase KCS1 but not VIP1 knockout is of great significance for maintaining cell viability, promoting glycolysis metabolism, and inducing mitochondrial damage. The functions of Candida albicans inositol polyphosphate kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 have not yet been studied. In this study, we found that the growth rate of C. albicans vip1Δ/Δ strain in glucose medium was reduced and the upregulation of glycolysis was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial activity, resulting in a large accumulation of lipid droplets, along with an increase in cell wall chitin and cell membrane permeability, eventually leading to cell death. Relieving intracellular glycolysis rate or increasing mitochondrial metabolism can reduce lipid droplet accumulation, causing a reduction in chitin content and cell membrane permeability. The growth activity and energy metabolism of the vip1Δ/Δ strains in a non-fermentable carbon source glycerol medium were not different from those of the wild-type strains, indicating that knocking out VIP1 did not cause mitochondria damage. Moreover, C. albicans KCS1 knockout did not affect cell activity and energy metabolism. Thus, in C. albicans, Vip1 is more important than Kcs1 in regulating cell viability and energy metabolism.

Influence of Divalent Cations on Deformation and Rupture of Adsorbed Lipid Vesicles

Langmuir ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (25) ◽  
pp. 6486-6495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Dacic ◽  
Joshua A. Jackman ◽  
Saziye Yorulmaz ◽  
Vladimir P. Zhdanov ◽  
Bengt Kasemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Lipid Vesicles

scholarly journals Fast Simulation of Lipid Vesicle Deformation Using Spherical Harmonic Approximation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-64
Author(s):  
Michael Mikucki ◽  
Yongcheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Functions ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Finite Difference Methods ◽  
Harmonic Approximation ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Lipid Vesicle ◽  
Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Method ◽  
Surface Harmonic ◽  
Curvature Energy

AbstractLipid vesicles appear ubiquitously in biological systems. Understanding how the mechanical and intermolecular interactions deform vesicle membranes is a fundamental question in biophysics. In this article we develop a fast algorithm to compute the surface configurations of lipid vesicles by introducing surface harmonic functions to approximate themembrane surface. This parameterization allows an analytical computation of the membrane curvature energy and its gradient for the efficient minimization of the curvature energy using a nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Our approach drastically reduces the degrees of freedom for approximating the membrane surfaces compared to the previously developed finite element and finite difference methods. Vesicle deformations with a reduced volume larger than 0.65 can be well approximated by using as small as 49 surface harmonic functions. The method thus has a great potential to reduce the computational expense of tracking multiple vesicles which deform for their interaction with external fields.

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