scholarly journals BACILLUS PYOCYANEUS AND ITS PIGMENTS

1899 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 627-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin O. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Black Pigment ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Fluorescent Pigment ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Physiological Variations ◽  
Artificial Cultivation

The principal conclusions that seem to me justified are as follows: 1. The fluorescent pigment formed by some varieties of B. pyocyaneus is produced under conditions identical with those governing the production of the pigment by other "fluorescent bacteria." 2. The production of pyocyanin is not dependent upon the presence of either phosphate or sulfate in the culture medium. It is formed in non-proteid as well as in proteid media, but is not a necessary accompaniment of the metabolic activities of the organism (e. g. tartrate solution). 3. The power of producing pyocyanin under conditions of artificial cultivation is lost sooner than the fluorescigenic power. 4. There are greater natural and acquired differences in pyocyanigenic power than in fluorescigenic. 5. The fluorescent pigment may be oxidized slowly by the action of light and air as well as by reagents into a yellow pigment, and pyocyanin may be similarly oxidized into a black pigment. 6. A convenient separation of B. pyocyaneus into four varieties would be the following: var. α, pyocyanigenic and fluorescigenic (most common); var. ß, pyocyanigenic only (rare); var. γ, fluorescigenic only (not uncommon, closely related to "B. fluorescens liquefaciens"); var. δ, non-chromogenic. 7. Except for the occasional loss of one or another function the different varieties are not so plastic as sometimes assumed, and cannot be readily converted into one another by subjection to varying conditions of life. 8. The signification and correlation of the almost countless physiological variations among the members of this group in respect to growth in gelatin, behavior to temperature, indol production, etc., remain to be determined. It is not yet clear that the variations in chromogenic power can be in any way correlated with the presence or absence of other physiological functions.

scholarly journals EXPRESSION IN ORGAN CULTURE OF AGOUTI LOCUS GENES OF THE MOUSE

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
A S Knisely ◽  
David L Gasser ◽  
Willys K Silvers
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Black Pigment ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Sulfhydryl Reagents ◽  
Agouti Locus ◽  
Lethal Yellow ◽  
Sulfhydryl Compounds ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT Cleffmann (1963) reported that pigment cells of the lethal yellow (Ay/a) genotype change to black immediately upon cultivation, and continue to produce black pigment unless sulfhydryl reagents are added to the culture medium. We have attempted to repeat this observation and have not been able to do so. We also have been unable to induce the synthesis of yellow pigment by adding glutathione to cultures of agouti (A/A) skin. We therefore suggest that hypotheses which attempt to explain the action of agouti locus genes on the basis of effects of sulfhydryl compounds be considered with caution.

Enhancement of pheomelanogenesis by L-dopa in the mouse melanocyte cell line, TM10, in vitro

1987 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
C. Sato ◽  
S. Ito ◽  
T. Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Black Pigment ◽  
Established Cell Line ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Established Cell ◽  
The Common

Cells of TM10, an established cell line, are melanocytes that contain equal amounts of eumelanin (black pigment) and pheomelanin (yellow pigment). The content of pheomelanin drastically increased when the cells were cultured in growth medium containing 0.2mM-L-dopa (L-dihydroxyphenylalanine), which is the common precursor for both eumelanogenesis and pheomelanogenesis. After this treatment, the amount of pheomelanin was 3.7-fold greater than that of control in TM10, whereas the amount of eumelanin changed very little. In contrast, 5-S-cysteinyl-dopa, which is the specific precursor for pheomelanogenesis downstream of L-dopa, did not cause preferential increase in pheomelanogenesis. Ultrastructural observations also confirmed these results; in 0.2mM-L-dopa, an increase in the number of pheomelanosomes was observed in the cytoplasm of TM10 cells. Our results also suggest that the L-dopa treatment results in a decrease in tyrosinase activity per melanosome.

scholarly journals ROLE OF DEEPANA PACHANA KARMA IN MANAGEMENT OF RASAPRADOSHAJA VIKARAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Ashrita S ◽  
Shivaprasad Hudeda
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Whole Tree

For a tree to stand erect with its branches, its roots must be strengthened by nourishing them timely such that the whole tree receives proper nourishment for its growth and development. Similarly, the Tridoshas, Saptha Dhatus and Tri-Malas are the roots strengthening this body when nourished timely. The Dosha-Dhatu-Mala in their state of normalcy enhances the strength of the body which is inferred through their respective physiological functions. This is achieved under the influence of two factors that is- Ahara and Agni. Ayurveda has endowed the function of thermogenesis and metabolism in the body to Agni. Proper functioning of Agni is responsible for all the metabolic activities in the body. Thereby, Agnimandya is said to be the root cause for all the diseases, as it results in the formation of Ama affecting the Rasavaha Srotas initially. The Ama Lakshanas resemble with the Rasapradoshaja Vikaras. Kapha Dosha is said to be the Asrayee in Rasa Dhatu and thereby the Rasa Vruddhi Lakshanas are similar to that of Kapha Vruddhi Lakshanas. So the Chikitsa as mentioned for Kapha Dosha can be implemented in Vruddhi/Kshaya of Rasa Dhatu. Shodhana without Ama-Pachana results in further complication. Therefore the line of treatment revolves around Srotoshodhana, Pachana, Agnideepana and Vatanulomana.

Differences between A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans Biofilms Formed on Concrete and Stoneware

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Weronika Dec ◽  
Beata Cwalina ◽  
Joanna Michalska ◽  
Anita Parzentna
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) of Acidithiobacillus genus, especially of A. thiooxidans and A.ferrooxidans species are considered as very aggressive biological factors that influences deterioration of many materials, including mineral building materials like concrete and stoneware. Biofilms formed by these bacteria play a significant role in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of various materials in conditions that ensure sufficient moisture. The aim of this work was to assess differences between A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans biofilms formed on concrete and stoneware. Both strains were prone to form biofilms on concrete and stoneware. However, the type of mineral materials strongly influenced metabolic activities of the tested strains, thus providing to formation of biofilms displaying different features. The higher activities of cells were observed in biofilms of A.ferrooxidans bacteria. The higher total biomass attached to the material surface as well as concentration of proteins in liquid culture medium were observed in biofilms grown on concrete samples. The optimal time of biofilm growth on tested materials was 48 hours on concrete, and 72 hours on stoneware. Amongst materials tested, concrete samples were more susceptible to corrosion in the presence of A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans bacteria.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas argentinensis sp. nov., a novel yellow pigment-producing bacterial species, isolated from rhizospheric soil in Córdoba, Argentina

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
Odile Berge ◽  
Raúl Rivas ◽  
Adriana Abril ◽  
Encarna Velázquez
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Fluorescent Pigment ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Tree Building

During a study in the Argentinian region of Chaco (Córdoba), some strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses growing in semi-desertic arid soils. Two of these strains, one isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Chloris ciliata (strain CH01T) and the other from Pappophorum caespitosum (strain PA01), were Gram-negative, strictly aerobic rods, which formed yellow round colonies on nutrient agar. They produced a water-insoluble yellow pigment, and a fluorescent pigment was also detected. A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize the strains. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed a similarity of 99·3 % between them, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains belong to the genus Pseudomonas, within the γ-subclass of the Proteobacteria. The closest related species is Pseudomonas straminea IAM 1598T (similarity of 99·0 % to strain CH01T and 98·8 % to strain PA01), clustering in a separate branch with the various methods of tree building used. Strains CH01T and PA01 both had a single polar flagellum, like other yellow pigment-producing pseudomonads related to them. Both strains produced catalase and oxidase. Similar to P. straminea, they did not hydrolyse gelatin or casein. The G+C DNA contents determined were 57·5 mol% for CH01T and 58·0 mol% for PA01. DNA–DNA hybridization results showed 81 % relatedness between them, and only 40–44 % relatedness with respect to the type strain of P. straminea. These results, together with other phenotypic characteristics, support the conclusion that both isolates belong to the same species, and should be described as representing a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas argentinensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CH01T (=LMG 22563T=CECT 7010T).

scholarly journals Statistical optimization of culture medium for yellow pigment production by Thermomyces sp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
R. Poorniammal ◽  
S. Gunasekaran ◽  
R. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Yellow Pigments

In present study, Thermomyces sp. were able to produce high yield of yellow pigments screened. Pigment production by Thermomyces sp was optimized by employing factorial design and response surface techniques in submerged fermentation. The variables evaluated were the concentrations of, sucrose, yeast extract, ammonium sulphate, magnesium sulphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate having as response pigment production. One factor at-a-time method was employed for the optimization of media components. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized these nutrient parameters for maximum yellow pigment production (1387 OD units), which resulted at 35.5 g/L sucrose 5.5 g/L yeast extract, 2.5 g/L NH4SO4, 0.3 g/L MgSO4 and 1.0 g/L K2HPO4 in the medium. Response surface methodology (RSM) was further used to determine the optimum values of process variables for maximum yellow pigment production. The fit of the quadratic model was found to be significant. A significant increase in yellow pigment production was achieved using RSM.

scholarly journals Red LED Photobiomodulates the Metabolic Activity of Odontoblast-Like Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida ◽  
Ana Paula Silveira Turrioni ◽  
Fernanda Gonçalves Basso ◽  
Liege Aldrovandi Montoro ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Souza-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Energy Dose

Abstract Phototherapy has been indicated as an adjunctive treatment for tissue repair, including the pulp tissue. However, there are no defined irradiation parameters, which is a great challenge to the clinical use of phototherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phototherapy with red LED on odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells, using different parameter settings. Cells were seeded (104 cells/cm²), incubated for 12 h in complete DMEM and then the culture medium was replaced by DMEM supplemented with 0.5% FBS. After 12 h incubation, irradiations were performed (630±10 nm) using a LEDTable device with a 20 or 40 mW/cm² power density and 2 J/cm² energy dose. The cells were irradiated 1 or 3 times, at 1 min intervals. Non-irradiated cells served as control. The cells were evaluated for viability (MTT assay), total protein dosage (Lowry method) and number of viable cells (Trypan blue). The data (n=12 per group) were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p=0.05). A single irradiation with 20 or 40 mW/cm² enhanced cell viability, which was negatively affected after 3 consecutive irradiations. Cells irradiated only once with 20 mW/cm² produced more proteins compared with those irradiated with 40 mW/cm². Reduction in the number of viable cells occurred only after 3 consecutive irradiations with 40 mW/cm². In conclusion, red LED was capable of biomodulating the metabolic activities of cultured MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells. The best cell biostimulation was obtained when a single irradiation with 2 J/cm2 energy dose and 20 mW/cm2 power density was delivered to the pulp cells.

scholarly journals Light-Mediated Toxicity of Porphyrin-Like Pigments from a Marine Polychaeta

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Mariaelena D’Ambrosio ◽  
Ana Catarina Santos ◽  
Alfonso Alejo-Armijo ◽  
A. Jorge Parola ◽  
Pedro M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Light Toxicity

Porphyrins and derivatives form one of the most abundant classes of biochromes. They result from the breakdown of heme and have crucial physiological functions. Bilins are well-known representatives of this group that, besides significant antioxidant and anti-mutagenic properties, are also photosensitizers for photodynamic therapies. Recently, we demonstrated that the Polychaeta Eulalia viridis, common in the Portuguese rocky intertidal, holds a high variety of novel greenish and yellowish porphyrinoid pigments, stored as granules in the chromocytes of several organs. On the follow-up of this study, we chemically characterized pigment extracts from the worm’s skin and proboscis using HPLC and evaluated their light and dark toxicity in vivo and ex vivo using Daphnia and mussel gill tissue as models, respectively. The findings showed that the skin and proboscis have distinct patterns of hydrophilic or even amphiphilic porphyrinoids, with some substances in common. The combination of the two bioassays demonstrated that the extracts from the skin exert higher dark toxicity, whereas those from the proboscis rapidly exert light toxicity, then becoming exhausted. One particular yellow pigment that is highly abundant in the proboscis shows highly promising properties as a natural photosensitizer, revealing that porphyrinoids from marine invertebrates are important sources of these high-prized bioproducts.

Effect of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on Vinblastine-Induced Ribosomal-Granular Material Complexes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan ◽  
Dora Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Protein And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Plant Alkaloids ◽  
In Cells

Cells exposed to antitumor plant alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine sulfate have large proteinacious crystals and complexes of ribosomes, helical polyribosomes and electron-dense granular material (ribosomal complexes) in their cytoplasm, Binding of H3-colchicine by the in vivo crystals shows that they contain microtubular proteins. Association of ribosomal complexes with the crystals suggests that these structures may be interrelated.In the present study cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), were incubated with protein and RNA-synthesis inhibitors, p. fluorophenylalanine, puromycin, cycloheximide or actinomycin-D before the addition of crystal-inducing doses of vinblastine to the culture medium. None of these compounds could completely prevent the formation of the ribosomal complexes or the crystals. However, in cells pre-incubated with puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin-D, a reduction in the number and size of the ribosomal complexes was seen. Large helical polyribosomes were absent in the ribosomal complexes of cells treated with puromycin, while in cells exposed to cycloheximide, there was an apparent reduction in the number of ribosomes associated with the ribosomal complexes (Fig. 2).

Structural aspects of osmoregulation in porphyra

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
C. Wiencke ◽  
A. Lauchli
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Osmotic Agents ◽  
Vacuolar System ◽  
Structural Aspects

Osmoregulatory mechanisms in algae were investigated mainly from a physiological point of view (KAUSS 1977, HELLEBUST 1976). In Porphyra two osmotic agents, i. e. floridoside/isofloridoside (KAUSS 1968) and certain ions, such as K+ and Na+(EPPLEY et al. 1960) are considered for osmotic balance. Accumulations of ions (particularly Na+) in the cytoplasm during osmotic adaptation is improbable, because the activity of enzymes is generally inhibited by high ionic concentrations (FLOWERS et al. 1977).The cellular organization of Porphyra was studied with special emphasis on the development of the vacuolar system under different hyperosmotic conditions. Porphyra was cultivated at various strengths of the culture medium ASP 12 (PROVASOLI 1961) ranging from normal to 6 times concentrated (6x) culture medium. Por electron microscopy freeze fracturing was used (specimens fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and incubated in 30% glycerol, preparation in a BALZERS BA 360 M apparatus), because chemical fixation gave poor results.

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