Neonatal Bacteremia: Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Bromiker ◽  
Ilan Arad ◽  
Ofra Peleg ◽  
Aviya Preminger ◽  
Dan Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

AbstractObjective:To determine the incidence and evaluate the antimicrobial-susceptibility patterns of bacterial infections in our neonatal units.Design:Retrospective surveillance study.Setting:The neonatal units of the Hadassah University Hospitals, Jerusalem, Israel.Patients:All newborns admitted from January 1994 through February 1999.Methods:The records of all patients with positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were reviewed. Bacteremia was considered early-onset (vertical) when occurring within the first 72 hours of life and late-onset (nosocomial) when occurring later. The prevalence and antibiotic-resistance patterns of vertically transmitted and nosocomially acquired strains were compared and studied over time.Results:219 of 35,691 newborn infants had at least one episode of bacteremia (6.13/1,000 live births). There were 305 identified organisms, of which 21% (1.29/1,000 live births) were considered vertically transmitted and 79% nosocomially acquired. The most common organism causing early-onset disease (29.2%) was group B streptococcus (0.38/1,000 live births), whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci (51%) were the most prevalent in late-onset disease. All gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin. Most gram-positive organisms other than staphylococci were susceptible to ampicillin. Gram-negative organisms represented 31% of all isolates. Generally, there was a trend of increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics among nosocomially acquired gram-negative organisms, compared to those vertically transmitted, with statistically significant differences for ampicillin and mezlocillin (P<.05 andP<.01, respectively). Over the years, a trend toward an increasing resistance to antibiotics was observed among gram-negative organisms.Conclusions:The trend of increasing bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics necessitates the implementation of a rational empirical treatment strategy, based on local susceptibility data, reserving certain agents for emerging resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Time to positivity of neonatal blood cultures: fast and furious?

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija Guerti ◽  
Helena Devos ◽  
Margareta M. Ieven ◽  
Ludo M. Mahieu
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Blood ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

The aim of this study was to determine the time to positivity (TTP) of neonatal blood cultures, to investigate differences between early onset versus late-onset sepsis, and non-proven versus proven sepsis, and to examine differences in TTP by organism type using a retrospective observational study at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium. The subjects were 1828 neonates with suspected sepsis who were treated with antimicrobials for at least 3 days. The TTP was recorded for all episodes of suspected sepsis in an approximately 6.5 year period. A total of 2916 blood cultures were collected, of which 437 (15 %) became positive. The overall TTP was 21.33 h (Q1–Q3 13.17–32.46). The difference between the median TTP in early onset versus late-onset sepsis was 0.83 h (22.00 versus 21.17 h, P=0.75). The median TTP for Gram-negative organisms was 11.17 h (Q1–Q3 8.84–15.67), whereas the median TTP for Gram-positive organisms was 23.59 h (Q1–Q3 15.29–34.58, P<0.001). In Gram-positive isolates, the median TTP for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was 26.67 h (Q1–Q3 19.00–38.17), whereas the median TTP for non-CNS was 12.83 h (Q1–Q3 10.50–18.17, P<0.001). The median TTP in proven sepsis was 20.17 h (Q1–Q3 13.00–30.37), whereas it was 29.67 h (Q1–Q3 21.17–50.63, P<0.001) in non-proven sepsis. TTP of neonatal blood cultures was significantly shorter for Gram-negative organisms. We suggest shortening the total incubation time of neonatal blood cultures to a maximum of 3 days. However, blood cultures collected in infants <72 h of age might require a longer incubation time. According to our results, it may be safe to narrow the antimicrobial spectrum to solely target Gram-positive bacteria when the culture is still negative after 48 h, and to cease antimicrobial therapy when the culture is still negative after 72 h in clinically well infants.

scholarly journals Etiology and resistance patterns of bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in a respiratory intensive care unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 954-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlada Injac ◽  
Uros Batranovic ◽  
Jovan Matijasevic ◽  
Marija Vukoja ◽  
Mirjana Hadnadjev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Background/Aim. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, causative pathogens, and resistance patterns are different among countries and intensive care units (ICUs). In Europe, resistant organisms have progressively increased in the last decade. However, there is a lack of data from Serbian ICUs. The aims of this study were to evaluate etiology and antimicrobial resistance for pathogens causing VAP in ICU patients, to examine whether there were differences among pathogens in early-onset and late-onset VAP and to identify mortality in patients with VAP after 30 and 60 days of hospitalization. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the respiratory ICU and all adult patients diagnosed with VAP from 2009 to 2014 were included. Results. Gram negative organisms were the major pathogens (80.3%). The most commonly isolated was Acinetobacter spp (59.8%). There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.9% vs 25.6%; p = 0.019). Extensively drugresistant strains (XDR) were the most common (78.7%). Lateonset VAP was developed in 81.1% of patients without differences among pathogens in comparison with early-onset VAP. Acinetobacter spp was susceptible to tigecycline and colistin with a significant increase in resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (30.2% vs 58.6%; p = 0.01). Resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 38% and 11%, respectively. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus no resistance was observed against vancomycin and linezolid. There was no difference in mortality rate between patients with earlyonset and late-onset VAP after 30 and 60 days of hospitalization. Conclusion. Gram negative organisms were the primary cause of bacterial VAP of which the most common was the XDR strain of Acinetobacter spp. Patients with early- and late-onset VAP had the same pathogens. There was no difference in mortality between this two group of patients during 60 days of hospitalization.

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolates of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Mannan ◽  
Shahed Iqbal ◽  
SM Rezaul Karim ◽  
Talim Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Hakimul Haque Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Rule Out

Background: Neonatal infections are the commonest cause of neonatal mortality along with perinatal asphyxia and consequence of Prematurity and Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Bangladesh. Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EONS) is neonatal sepsis occurring within the first 72 hours of birth and it is much more fulminant and has a higher mortality than Late Onset Sepsis (LOS). Sepsis in neonate remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Changing bacterial flora and emergence of resistant strains adds to the problem. Thus, neonatal sepsis requires accurate and timely clinical and laboratory diagnosis and proper management for better outcome. The organisms responsible for Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) are different than Late Onset Sepsis (LOS). In this study an attempt has been made to know the positivity rate of EOS and profile of bacteria responsible for EOS and determine the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern that were investigated for rule out sepsis. Methods: This was a prospective observation single centre study over a period of nine months (January to September, 2017) conducted on neonates born at Ad-din Medical College Hospital (AMCH), Dhaka and subsequently admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) within 72 hours of birth that were investigated for rule out sepsis. Dual blood sample for cultures from separate area along with essential investigations were sent by collecting samples under aseptic precautions. Empirical antimicrobial therapy was started according to antimicrobial guidelines in the NICU. The blood cultures test were carried out by BD BACTEC automated blood culture system and susceptibility testing was done for all blood culture isolates according to the criteria of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards by disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 700 neonates were investigated to rule out sepsis and 5.43% neonates were found with culture proven sepsis in the study. The gram positive bacteria accounted for 71% and gram negative 29% of the total isolates. Out of total 38 isolates, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CONS) (68.4%) was the commonest followed by Acinetobacter (18.4%) and E. coli (7.9%) was common culture isolates. Among the gram positive, CONS (96.3%) was commonest isolate and in gram negative Acinetobacter (63.6%) was the most prevalent bacteria followed by E.coli (27.3%). Gram positive isolate, especially CONS (68.4%) was the major culprit for the early onset sepsis. Among the commonly used antibiotics, the susceptibilities were remarkably low to Amikacin (16%) in comparison to Ampicillin (42%) Cefotaxime (45%) and moderately high to Gentamicin (58%) for both gram positive & gram negative isolates. All (100%) gram positive isolates were resistant to Amikacin. Majority of the gram positive showed low susceptibilities to Meropenem (22%) Ciprofloxacin (41%) Ampicillin (48%) & Oxacillin (48%) in comparison to Cefotaxime (52%) Levofloxacin (55%) Gentamicin (70%), Linezolid (70%) and Vancomycin (74%). 50% of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CONS) were resistant to Methicillin/Oxacillin. The sensitivity pattern of majority of gram negative isolates showed high level of resistance to Piperacillin+Tazobacterm (9%) and Ampicillin (27%) Gentamicin (27%) Cefotaxime (27%) less sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (45%); moderately high to Levofloxacin (54%) & Amikacin (54%) and highly sensitive to Imipenem/Meropenem (73%) & Colistin (91%). Gentamicin (58%) and Levofloxacin (55%) were showed marginal superiority compared to Ampicillin (42%) and Cefotaxime (45%) for effective coverage of both. Conclusion: Present study indicated that gram positive species especially CONS continue to be the predominant causative organism followed by Acinetobacter and E. coli in gram negative species. The antibiotic susceptibility profile suggested that for a given cohort empiric (initial) choice of Ampicillin and Gentamicin in EOS. Routine bacterial surveillance and their sensitivity patterns must be an essential component of neonatal care Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.17 (1); Jan 2018; Page 3-8

scholarly journals On Gram-Positive- and Gram-Negative-Bacteria-Associated Canine and Feline Skin Infections: A 4-Year Retrospective Study of the University Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory of Naples, Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Francesca Paola Nocera ◽  
Monica Ambrosio ◽  
Filomena Fiorito ◽  
Laura Cortese ◽  
Luisa De Martino
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The University

A 4-year retrospective study (2016–2019) of selected routine bacteriological examinations of the veterinary microbiology laboratory of the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples (Italy) was carried out. A total of 189 bacteriological samples were collected from 171 dogs and 18 cats suffering from skin infections. In dogs, the most common cutaneous infection was otitis externa, while pyoderma was found to be prevalent in cats. The number of recorded Gram-positive strains over the study period did not vary considerably from year to year and was always significantly higher (p-value = 0.0007) in comparison with Gram-negative bacterial isolations. In dogs, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most common identified Gram-positive bacterium (65%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36%) was the one among the isolated Gram-negative bacteria. In cats, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most predominant isolated bacteria (47%). The phenotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance showed that most of the strains were resistant to amoxicillin–clavulanate, penicillin, clindamycin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Several multi-drug-resistant strains (35%) were detected in canine isolates. An updating of antibiotic resistance profiles of the main Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria principally associated with skin infections of pet animals is necessary to improve stewardship programs of veterinary hospitals and clinics.

Bacterial Communications in Implant Infections: A Target for an Intelligence War

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Costerton ◽  
L. Montanaro ◽  
C.r. Arciola
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sensing Systems

The status of population density is communicated among bacteria by specific secreted molecules, called pheromones or autoinducers, and the control mechanism is called “quorum-sensing”. Quorum-sensing systems regulate the expression of a panel of genes, allowing bacteria to adapt to modified environmental conditions at a high density of population. The two known different quorum systems are described as the LuxR-LuxI system in gram-negative bacteria, which uses an N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) as signal, and the agr system in gram-positive bacteria, which uses a peptide-tiolactone as signal and the RNAIII as effector molecules. Both in gram-negative and in gram-positive bacteria, quorum-sensing systems regulate the expression of adhesion mechanisms (biofilm and adhesins) and virulence factors (toxins and exoenzymes) depending on population cell density. In gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, analogs of signaling molecules such as furanone analogs, are effective in attenuating bacterial virulence and controlling bacterial infections. In gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, the quorum-sensing RNAIII-inhibiting peptide (RIP), tested in vitro and in animal infection models, has been proved to inhibit virulence and prevent infections. Attenuation of bacterial virulence by quorum-sensing inhibitors, rather than by bactericidal or bacteriostatic drugs, is a highly attractive concept because these antibacterial agents are less likely to induce the development of bacterial resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Uropathogens Isolated from Female Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Duhok Province, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Naqid ◽  
Nawfal R Hussein ◽  
Amer Balatay ◽  
Kurdistan A Saeed ◽  
Hiba A Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. The study of bacterial uropathogens in a local area and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is required to determine empirical therapy. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria, causing urinary infections isolated from female patients in Duhok province, Iraq. Methods: A total of 530 urine samples were collected from females clinically suspected of UTIs over three years between January 2017 and February 2020. The samples were inoculated directly on MacConkey and Blood agar media and then incubated aerobically for 24 h at 37°C. Samples that gave up colony counts of ≥ 105 CFU/mL were considered as positive growth. Purified colonies were identified through standard bacteriological tests, and their susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 system. Results: Out of 530 urine samples, 450 (84.9%) contained Gram-negative bacteria, while the other 80 (15.1%) harbored Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogenic isolate (58.5%), followed by K. pneumoniae (14.3%), Staphylococcus spp. (8.9%), P. mirabilis (6.6%), E. faecalis (3.2%), and S. agalactiae (3.02%). The majority of Gram-negative uropathogens were resistant to ampicillin, aztreonam, ceftriaxone, and cefepime and around 95% were sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem. Most Gram-positive isolates showed high resistance to benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and erythromycin, and high susceptibility to linezolid, tigecycline, and nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: It was concluded from this study that E. coli is the predominant pathogen causing UTIs in female patients in Duhok province, Iraq. There were increasing antibiotic resistance rates, particularly to ampicillin, aztreonam, ceftriaxone, benzylpenicillin, and erythromycin. Therefore, empirical antibiotic therapy should be based on local sensitivity patterns rather than international guidelines.

scholarly journals Incidence of Tetracycline and Erythromycin Resistance in Meat-Associated Bacteria: Impact of Different Livestock Management Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2111
Author(s):  
Cecilia Fontana ◽  
Vania Patrone ◽  
Constanza Maria Lopez ◽  
Lorenzo Morelli ◽  
Annalisa Rebecchi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Associated Bacteria

The extensive use of antibiotics as growth promoters, or their continued abusive misuse to cure or prevent the onset of bacterial infections as occurs in the intensive farming, may have played a pivotal role in the spread of reservoirs of antibiotic resistance (AR) among food-associated bacteria including pathogens representing risks to human health. The present study compares the incidence of tetracycline and erythromycin resistances in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from fermented products manufacturing using meat from intensive animal husbandry (industrialized manufacturing Italian salami) and from extensive farms (artisanal sausages facilities pork and llama Argentinean sausages). A higher incidence of tetracycline resistance (TET-R) compared to erythromycin resistance (ERY-R) was observed among the 205 isolates. Unlike CNS strains, the LAB showed a significant correlation between the TET-R and the ERY-R phenotypes. Genotypic assessment shows a high correlation with tetK and tetM for the TET-R strains and with ermB and ermC for the ERY-R strains. Multiple correspondence analyses have highlighted the association between AR phenotypes and CNS species isolated from Italian salami, while the susceptible phenotypes were associated with the LAB species from Argentinean sausages. Since antibiotic resistance in meat-associated bacteria is a very complex phenomenon, the assessment of bacterial resistance in different environmental contexts with diverse farming practices and food production technologies will help in monitoring the factors influencing AR emergence and spread in animal production.

Fusogenic porous silicon nanoparticles as a broad-spectrum immunotherapy against bacterial infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungji Kim ◽  
Qinglin Yang ◽  
Leslie W. Chan ◽  
Sangeeta N. Bhatia ◽  
Erkki Ruoslahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
First Line ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Porous Silicon Nanoparticles

RNAi-mediated immunotherapy provided by fusogenic porous silicon nanoparticles demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections compared with first-line antibiotics.

scholarly journals Linearized esculentin-2EM shows pH dependent antibacterial activity with an alkaline optimum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erum Malik ◽  
David A. Phoenix ◽  
Timothy J. Snape ◽  
Frederick Harris ◽  
Jaipaul Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helical Structure ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

AbstractHere the hypothesis that linearized esculentin 2EM (E2EM-lin) from Glandirana emeljanovi possesses pH dependent activity is investigated. The peptide showed weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MLCs ≥ 75.0 μM) but potent efficacy towards Gram-positive bacteria (MLCs ≤ 6.25 μM). E2EM-lin adopted an α-helical structure in the presence of bacterial membranes that increased as pH was increased from 6 to 8 (↑ 15.5–26.9%), whilst similar increases in pH enhanced the ability of the peptide to penetrate (↑ 2.3–5.1 mN m−1) and lyse (↑ 15.1–32.5%) these membranes. Theoretical analysis predicted that this membranolytic mechanism involved a tilted segment, that increased along the α-helical long axis of E2EM-lin (1–23) in the N → C direction, with −  < µH > increasing overall from circa − 0.8 to − 0.3. In combination, these data showed that E2EM-lin killed bacteria via novel mechanisms that were enhanced by alkaline conditions and involved the formation of tilted and membranolytic, α-helical structure. The preference of E2EM-lin for Gram-positive bacteria over Gram-negative organisms was primarily driven by the superior ability of phosphatidylglycerol to induce α-helical structure in the peptide as compared to phosphatidylethanolamine. These data were used to generate a novel pore-forming model for the membranolytic activity of E2EM-lin, which would appear to be the first, major reported instance of pH dependent AMPs with alkaline optima using tilted structure to drive a pore-forming process. It is proposed that E2EM-lin has the potential for development to serve purposes ranging from therapeutic usage, such as chronic wound disinfection, to food preservation by killing food spoilage organisms.

scholarly journals 1554. Epidemiology of Adult Bacterial Hand Infections at Two Urban Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S777-S778
Author(s):  
Arsheena Yassin ◽  
Christine Stavropoulos ◽  
Krystina L Woods ◽  
Jiashan Xu ◽  
Justin Carale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Regimen ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Streptococcus Species ◽  
Urban Hospitals ◽  
Haemophilus Parainfluenzae ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Abstract Background Hand infections represent a major source of morbidity, which can result in hand stiffness and amputation. Early appropriate empiric antibiotic regimen may reduce the associated morbidity, hence the importance to examine local epidemiology. The aim of this study was to define the current epidemiology of adult hand infections at two urban hospitals in New York City. Methods We performed a double center, retrospective study of adult patients hospitalized from March 2018 to May 2020. Patients with positive cultures associated with the hand infections were included. Retrospectively, 100 patients were reviewed. Data on baseline demographic, clinical, surgical, microbiology, and treatment parameters were collected. Results Of the 100 patients, 76% were male, with median age of 47.5 years (35, 58.25) and average C-reactive protein (CRP) of 50.66 mg/L (± 64.64) on admission (see Table 1). Previous hospitalization within 1 year (38%), previous surgical procedures (39%) and recent IV medication use (26%) were common. 130 bacterial isolates were identified (see Table 2). The most frequent organisms were Gram-positive, with Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, 25.38%), Streptococcus species (20.08%), and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 15.38%) being the most common. Gram-negative organisms were infrequent, with Haemophilus parainfluenzae (3.85%), Enterobacter cloacae (3.85) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.08%) being the most prevalent. Of the 100 patients, 27% had polymicrobial infections, associated with trauma (6%), illicit IV use (6%) and unknown (7%) etiologies. Table 1: Baseline demographics and co-morbid conditions Table 2: Types and numbers of organisms in relation to etiologies Conclusion Within our population, the most common organisms associated with hand infections were Gram-positive, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species being the most prevalent. Gram-negative pathogens were infrequently isolated. The results within this study can provide guidance to clinicians on assessing the appropriate empiric antibiotic regimen in patients with hand infections, and can serve as a basis for further studies identifying risk factors associated with isolation of organisms associated with hand infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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