Risk Factors for Recovery of Imipenem- or Ceftazidime-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Among Patients Admitted to a Teaching Hospital in Brazil

Background.The prevalence of resistance to imipenem and ceftazidime among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates is increasing worldwide.Objective.Risk factors for nosocomial recovery (defined as the finding of culture-positive isolates after hospital admission) of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (IRPA) and ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) were determined.Design.Two separate case-control studies were conducted. Control subjects were matched to case patients (ratio, 2:1) on the basis of admission to the same ward at the same time as the case patient. Variables investigated included demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and the classes of antimicrobials used.Setting.The study was conducted in a 400-bed general teaching hospital in Campinas, Brazil that has 14,500 admissions per year. Case patients and control subjects were selected from persons who were admitted to the hospital during 1992–2002.Results.IRPA and CRPA isolates were obtained from 108 and 55 patients, respectively. Statistically significant risk factors for acquisition of IRPA were previous admission to another hospital (odds ratio [OR],4.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.40-12.66];P = .01), hemodialysis (OR, 7.79 [95% CI, 1.59-38.16]; P = .01), and therapy with imipenem (OR, 18.51 [95% CI, 6.30-54.43]; P<.001), amikacin (OR, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.40-7.41]; P = .005), and/or vancomycin (OR, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.08-5.64]; P = .03). Risk factors for recovery of CRPA were previous admission to another hospital (OR, 18.69 [95% CI, 2.00-174.28]; P = .01) and amikacin use (OR, 3.69 [95% CI, 1.32-10.35]; P = .01).Conclusion.Our study suggests a definite role for several classes of antimicrobials as risk factors for recovery of IRPA but not for recovery of CRPA. Limiting the use of only imipenem and ceftazidime may not be a wise strategy to contain the spread of resistant P. aeruginosa strains.

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Plasma, platelet and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidases as risk factors in ischaemic heart disease in man

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0830343 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 343-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. Porter ◽

D. J. Pearson ◽

V. J. Suarez-Mendez ◽

A. D. Blann

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Matched Control ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Glutathione Peroxidases ◽

And Control

1. Plasma, platelet and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities and serum lipid concentrations were measured in patients with ischaemic heart disease and matched control subjects. 2. Mean plasma and platelet glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower in the patients with ischaemic heart disease. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities and serum lipid concentrations were similar in patients with ischaemic heart disease and control subjects. 3. No correlations between plasma, platelet and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities were observed. 4. The combination of plasma and platelet glutathione peroxidase activities provided an 86% discrimination between patients with ischaemic heart disease and matched control subjects. 5. Our data suggest that plasma and platelet glutathione peroxidases may be significant risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. Plasma glutathione peroxidase is a previously unrecognized risk factor.

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in China: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Case-Control Studies

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/4723739 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yong-Xin Li ◽

Hai Xin ◽

Xiang-Yan Zhang ◽

Cui-Ying Wei ◽

Yu-He Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Case Control ◽

Future Research ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽

And Control

The association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and diabetes mellitus remains controversial. With the improvement of living standards, the prevalence rate of diabetes is steadily increasing in China. Thus, it is necessary to explore the possible association between toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus in China. Hence, case-control studies were conducted to explore the T. gondii seroprevalence and identify the risk factors and possible transmission routes of T. gondii infection in different types of diabetes, including type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and gestational diabetes (GDM) patients in China. Four hundred serum samples for each type of diabetes mellitus, matched with 400 control subjects for each group, were collected and examined for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. The total T. gondii seroprevalence in T1DM, T2DM, and GDM patients was 16.50%, 23.50%, and 21.25%, respectively. Each type of diabetes mellitus patients had a significantly higher T. gondii seroprevalence than the control subjects. Multivariate regression identified three variables as risk factors for T. gondii infection in diabetes patients, including keeping cats at home and consumption of raw oysters for T1DM patients and consumption of raw/undercooked meat and raw oysters for T2DM patients, which may help to guide future research and control policies in diabetes mellitus patients.

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Risk factors for imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a comparative analysis of two case–control studies in hospitalized patients

Journal of Hospital Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jhin.2004.09.007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 96-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

A.P. Zavascki ◽

R.P. Cruz ◽

L.Z. Goldani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Case Control Studies

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Predictive value of the risk factors for amputation of lower extremity in patients with diabetic foot in Al-Karama teaching hospital

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20191511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1549

Author(s):

Mohammed Hillu Surriah ◽

Amir Naif Kadum Al-Imari ◽

Amine Mohammed Bakkour ◽

Riad Rahman Jallod Al-Asadi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Long Duration ◽

Control Of Diabetes ◽

Foot Disease

Background: Diabetic foot disease is a foot that exhibits any pathology that results directly from diabetic mellitus or any long-term chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors and indications for amputations among diabetics.Methods: this clinical prospective study includes 120 diabetic foot patients admitted to AL- Karama teaching hospital from 1st January 2015 to 1st January 2019. All patients assessed for age, gender, duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia at admission and control of diabetes, history of smoking, hypertension, assess dominant foot and examination of diabetic foot lesion and classify it according to Meggit-Wagner grading status, indications for amputation and outcome.Results: The male to female ratio was 2:1. Most frequent age group of patients treated by amputation was between 50-80 years. Among patients treated with amputation (68.33%) of patients had diabetes mellitus for 11-20 years. From patients admitted with diabetic foot (53.33%) were smokers. Regarding hypertension (93.33%) of all patients were hypertensive. It was noted that (65%) of patients lesion occur in dominant foot Regarding Wagner's grading system (36.66%) of patients were grade 4 followed by grade 1 (21.66%). regarding mode of treatment (53.33%) of patients treated by amputation and other treated conservatively. Only 3 patients from 60 died while other discharged well after complete treatment.Conclusions: Increasing in age, long duration of diabetes mellitus, poor control of diabetes, smoking and occurrence of lesion in dominant foot all considered as a significant risk factors for increase liability amputation.

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Relation between diagnosis of atheromatous plaque from orthopantomographs and cardiovascular risk factors. A study of cases and control subjects

Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal ◽

10.4317/medoral.20183 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. e66-e71 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C Barona-Dorado ◽

C Gutierrez-Bonet ◽

I Leco-Berrocal ◽

F Fernandez-Caliz ◽

JM Martinez-Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Control Subjects ◽

And Control

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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS IN UKRAINE: RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY (2014-2015)

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201904101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 513-518

Author(s):

Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽

Anna V. Kolesnik ◽

Dmytro V. Andriuschenko

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Local Data ◽

Common Cause ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Causative Agents ◽

National Estimates ◽

Abdominal Infections

Introduction: Intra-abdominal infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early clinical diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are the cornerstones in the management of all infections. The aim: Aim of our work was to obtain the first national estimates of the current prevalence of intra-abdominal infections and resistance of their causative agents to antibiotics in Ukrainian hospitals. Materials and methods: In total of 1986 patients with microbiologically proven IAI were included in the study. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics of cultures were determined, using automated microbiology analyzer and Kirby - Bauer antibiotic testing. Results: Among 1986 patients, 1404 (70.7%) community-acquired and 582 (29.3%) nosocomial infections were observed. Death during hospitalization was reported in 4.1% community-acquired cases and 7.7% nosocomial cases. The distribution of the microorganisms differed according to the nosocomial or community origin of the infection but not according to their location. In nosocomial patients were observed with increased proportions of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The carbapenems and amikacin were the most consistently active against Enterobacteriaceae. Against P. aeruginosa, amikacin, imipenem, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin were the most active agents in community-acquired infections, while imipenem, cefepime and amikacin were the most active agents in nosocomial cases. Conclusions: The significant risk factors defined should be addressed preoperatively to decrease the risk for nosocomial infections. Antibiotics application tactics should be determined in accordance with the local data of resistance to them in each surgical hospital.

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A prospective pharmacovigilance study in the infectious diseases unit of a tertiary care hospital

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (07) ◽

pp. 649-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Berna Karaismailoglu ◽

Nese Saltoglu ◽

Ilker Inanc Balkan ◽

Bilgul Mete ◽

Fehmi Tabak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Infectious Disease Unit ◽

Tertiary Teaching ◽

Tertiary Teaching Hospital ◽

Tissue Reactions ◽

Disease Unit

Introduction: The frequency, causality, severity, preventability and risk factors of ADRs (adverse drug reactions) in infectious disease units are not well defined in the literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the ADRs encountered in an infectious disease unit of a tertiary teaching hospital. Methodology: The patients who were admitted to the infectious disease unit of a tertiary teaching hospital longer than 24 hours between January and December of 2016 were followed prospectively. Patients were observed and questioned for any sign of ADRs. The proportion of ADRs and patient characteristics were investigated. Causality was evaluated by the Naranjo algorithm, severity was determined using the Hartwig classification, and preventability was assessed using the Schumock and Thornton scale. Results: 210 patients were admitted to the unit during the study period, of whom 44 patients (20.9%) experienced 51 ADRs. 5.9% of ADRs were found to be serious according to the Hartwig severity classification. In addition, 88.1% of ADRs were not preventable. The most frequently detected ADR was skin and subcutaneous tissue reactions (33.3%), and systemic antimicrobials were the most common type of drugs that caused an ADR. Prolonged hospitalization (p < 0.001) and usage of an increased number of drugs (p < 0.001) were found to be significant risk factors for ADR development. Conclusions: Prolonged hospital stay and polypharmacy are significant risk factors that increase the incidence of ADRs in infectious disease units. The likelihood of unavoidable ADRs should arouse the attention of clinicians when prescribing antimicrobials.

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COVID-19 in Children with Down Syndrome: Data from the Trisomy 21 Research Society Survey

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5125

Author(s):

David Emes ◽

Anke Hüls ◽

Nicole Baumer ◽

Mara Dierssen ◽

Shiela Puri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Significant Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Research Society ◽

Medical Complications ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Using Data ◽

And Control

Adults with Down Syndrome (DS) are at higher risk for severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, but evidence is required to understand the risks for children with DS, which is necessary to inform COVID-19 shielding advice and vaccination priorities. We aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children with DS. Using data from an international survey obtained from a range of countries and control data from the United States, we compared the prevalence of symptoms and medical complications and risk factors for severe outcomes between DS and non-DS paediatric populations with COVID-19. Hospitalised COVID-19 patients <18 years with DS had a higher incidence of respiratory symptoms, fever, and several medical complications from COVID-19 than control patients without DS <18 years. Older age, obesity, and epilepsy were significant risk factors for hospitalisation among paediatric COVID-19 patients with DS, and age and thyroid disorder were significant risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mortality rates were low in all paediatric COVID-19 patients (with and without DS), contrasting with previous findings in adults with DS (who exhibit higher mortality than those without DS). Children with DS are at increased risk for more severe presentations of COVID-19. Efforts should be made to ensure the comprehensive and early detection of COVID-19 in this population and to identify children with DS who present comorbidities that pose a risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Our results emphasize the importance of vaccinating children with DS as soon as they become eligible.

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Pengaruh Kondisi Fisik Rumah dengan Kejadian Penderita Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru

UNM Environmental Journals ◽

10.26858/uej.v2i1.9157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Asrijun Asrijun

Keyword(s):

Significant Risk ◽

Control Design ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Control Groups ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Permanent Home ◽

Conducting Research ◽

And Control

Pulmonary TB patients in Indonesia are ranked fourth in the world after India, China, South Africa with a prevalence of 285 TB per 100,000 population or as many as 302,861 cases in 2010(Lienhardt dkk. 2012).This research is analytic observation, with case control design. Case control studies were conducted by identifying case groups and control groups. This study aims to determine the risk of physical condition of the house with the incidence of pulmonary TB in the working area of Pattingalloang Health Center, Makassar City. After conducting research, it can be concluded that; (1) There is the influence of the stage house fikik condition with the incidence of pulmonary TB with the risk of transmission 10 times from a healthy stage house. (2) There is an influence of fiksik conditions in semi-permanent homes with the incidence of pulmonary TB but not a significant risk factor. (3) There is an influence of the condition of permanent home fiksik conditions with the incidence of pulmonary TB with risk factors for transmission 6 times from a healthy permanent home..

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