Impact of Finger Rings on Transmission of Bacteria During Hand Contact

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Fagernes ◽  
Egil Lingaas
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hand Contact

Objective.To investigate the impact of finger rings on the transmission of bacteria from the hands of healthcare workers and the impact on the microflora on the hands of healthcare workers in clinical practice.Design.Our study had a nonequivalent control group posttest-only design (pre-experimental). Healthcare workers who wore finger ring(s) on 1 hand and no ring on the other hand (n = 100) and a control group of healthcare workers who did not wear any rings (n = 100) exchanged standardized hand shakes with an investigator wearing sterile gloves. Samples from the gloved hands of the investigators and the bare hands of the healthcare workers were thereafter obtained by the glove juice technique.Setting.Two Norwegian acute care hospitals.Participants.Healthcare workers (n = 200) during ordinary clinical work.Results.A significantly higher bacterial load (odds ratio, 2.63 [95% confidence interval, 1.28-5.43]; P = .009) and a significantly higher number of bacteria transmitted (odds ratio, 2.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.44-4.13]; P = .001) were associated with ringed hands, compared with control hands. However, a multiple analysis of covariance revealed no statistically significant effect of rings alone. The prevalence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria (42% vs 26%) and Enterobacteriaceae (26% vs 13%) was also significantly higher among persons who wore rings than among persons who did not wear rings. However, no statistically significant differences in the incidence of transmission of these pathogens were detected after hand contact. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and incidence of transmission of S. aureus were the same in both groups.Conclusions.Wearing finger rings increases the carriage rate of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae on the hands of healthcare workers. However, no statistically significant differences in the incidence of transmission of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria or Enterobacteriaceae were detected between the healthcare workers who wore rings and those who did not.

Impact of a Single Plain Finger Ring on the Bacterial Load on the Hands of Healthcare Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Fagernes ◽  
Egil Lingaas ◽  
Per Bjark
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Quantitative Culture ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired Analysis

Objective.To investigate the impact of a single plain finger ring on the number and types of bacteria on the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs).Design.Nonequivalent control groups, posttest only (preexperimental).Methods.A total of 121 HCWs wearing 1 plain ring and 113 HCWs wearing no rings had both hands sampled by the “glove juice” technique. Quantitative culture of the samples was performed and microorganisms were identified.Setting.Two Norwegian acute care hospitals.Participants.A total of 234 HCWs who had physical contact with patients.Results.Total bacterial counts did not differ when hands with rings and hands without rings were compared, both according to nonpaired analysis (which compared the ring-bearing hands of ring-wearing HCWs to the hands of HCWs who did not wear rings [P= .661]) and according to paired analysis (which compared the ring-bearing and ring-free hands of ring-wearing HCWs [P= .071]).Staphylococcus aureuswas recovered from 18.6% of the hands sampled, belonging to 26.9% of the HCWs, but neither paired nor nonpaired analysis showed any association with ring wearing. Gram-negative bacteria were recovered from 20.3% of the hands sampled, belonging to 28.6% of the HCWs. Ring-wearing HCWs were significantly more likely to be carriers of Enterobacteriaceae (P= .006), but paired comparison of the ring-bearing and ring-free hands of these HCWs did not show significant differences (P= .180). Carriage of nonfermentative gram-negative rods did not differ between the 2 groups, by either paired or nonpaired analysis.Conclusions.Wearing a single plain finger ring did not increase the total bacterial load on the hands, nor was it associated with an increased rate of carriage ofS. aureusor nonfermentative gram-negative rods. However, plain rings were associated with an increased rate of Enterobacteriaceae carriage.

Failure of Bland Soap Handwash to Prevent Hand Transfer of Patient Bacteria to Urethral Catheters

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Joel Ehrenkranz ◽  
Blanca C. Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Direct Patient Contact

AbstractObjective:The study was designed to compare the efficacies of bland soap handwash and isopropyl alcohol hand rinse in preventing transfer of aerobic gram-negative bacilli to urinary catheters via transient hand colonization acquired from direct patient contact. Glove juice recovery of gram-negative bacteria was considered transient colonization; catheter recovery was considered transfer colonization.Design:The contact source for gram-negative bacteria was a single “high burden” groin skin carrier ( ≥ 104/ml cup scrub fluid). Using a two-period cross-over design, 6 healthcare workers had 2 15-second contacts for each hand followed by either soap handwash or alcohol hand rinse (12 experiments with each treatment). Between 4 to 5 minutes after contact, each hand manipulated a catheter; the catheter was then cultured and the hand was glove juice tested.Results:Soap handwash failed to prevent gram-negative bacteria transfer to the catheter in 11 of 12 (92%) experiments; alcohol hand rinse in 2 of 12 (17%) (p< .001). Soap handwash failed to prevent transient colonization in 12 of 12 (100%) experiments; alcohol in 5 of 12 (42%) (risk ratio 2.4,95% confidence interval 1.2-4.7). Single gram-negative bacteria species carried at source levels ≥ 5.5 × 103/ml (heavy contamination) established transient colonization in 23 of 30 (77%) exposures following soap handwash; single gram-negative bacteria species carried at levels ≤ 3.5 × 103/ml established colonization in 1 of 22 (5%) similar exposures (p<.001).Conclusions:Bland soap handwash was generally ineffective in preventing hand transfer of gram-negative bacteria to catheters following brief contact with a heavy-contamination patient source; alcohol hand rinse was generally effective.

Effectiveness of Low-Temperature Domestic Laundry on the Decontamination of Healthcare Workers' Uniforms

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lakdawala ◽  
J. Pham ◽  
M. Shah ◽  
J. Holton
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Before And After

Objective.Most professionals in the healthcare environment wear uniforms. For the purpose of this study, we concentrated on nurses' uniforms. In the United Kingdom, many nurses are expected to launder their uniforms at home by using a domestic washing machine that frequently has low-temperature wash cycles. We have investigated whether the use of low-temperature wash cycles results in a microbiologically acceptable product to wear on the wards.Methods.We have assessed the bioburden on uniforms before and after laundry and the effectiveness of low-temperature wash cycles and ironing on removal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii. We did not assess the role of tumble drying.Results.We demonstrate contamination of uniforms by gram-negative bacteria after wash, the removal of MRSA at low-temperature wash cycles in the presence of detergent, and the eradication of gram-negative bacteria after ironing.Conclusions.Our conclusions are that laundry in a domestic situation at 60°C (140°F) for 10 minutes is sufficient to decontaminate hospital uniforms and reduces the bacterial load by more than 7-log reduction, that items left in the pockets are decontaminated to the same extent, that the addition of either a biological detergent or a nonbiological detergent is beneficial in removing MRSA from experimentally contaminated swatches, and that uniforms become recontaminated with low numbers of principally gram-negative bacteria after laundry but that these are effectively removed by ironing.

scholarly journals Προδιαθεσικοί παράγοντες για αποικισμό και λοίμωξη από πολυανθεκτικά παθογόνα μικρόβια στη μονάδα εντατικής θεραπείας

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ηλίας Παπακωνσταντίνου
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Ο σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν να αναγνωρίσει παράγοντες κινδύνου για επίκτητο τραχειοβρογχικό αποικισμό με τα πιο συχνά ανθεκτικά Gram-αρνητικά βακτηρίδια (Resistant Gram-negative bacteria / R-GNB) στη Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας (ΜΕΘ) κατά τη διάρκεια της πρώτης εβδομάδας μηχανικού αερισμού. Tραχειοβρογχικές, γαστρικές και στοματοφαρυγγικές καλλιέργειες ελήφθησαν σε διασωληνωμένους ασθενείς της ΜΕΘ στην εισαγωγή, μετά από 48 ώρες και μετά από 7 ημέρες από την εισαγωγή στη ΜΕΘ. Kαταγράφηκαν τα δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά των ασθενών, οι παρεμβάσεις από τους θεράποντες ιατρούς και η χρήση αντιμικροβιακών παραγόντων. Από 71 ασθενείς που επιλέχθησαν με βάση τα κριτήρια εισαγωγής και αποκλεισμού και είχαν δυο αρχικές βρογχικές καλλιέργειες αρνητικές για R-GNB (στην εισαγωγή και 48 ώρες μετά την εισαγωγή), οι 41 (58%) ανέπτυξαν επίκτητο τραχειοβρογχικό αποικισμό με R-GNB μέχρι την ημέρα 7. Ο αποικισμός ισχυρά συσχετίστηκε με την παρουσία των ίδιων παθογόνων στο στοματοφάρυγγα: Acinetobacterbaumannii [odds ratio (OR)=20.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5–73.6], Klebsiella pneumoniae (OR=8.0, 95% CI: 1.9–33.6) και Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR=27, 95%: CI 2.7–273). Ο βρογχικός αποικισμός με ανθεκτική K. pneumoniae επίσης σχετίστηκε με το ιστορικό χρόνιας ηπατικής νόσου (OR=3.9,95% CI: 1.0–15.3), θεραπεία με αμινογλυκοσίδες (OR=4.9, 95% CI: 1.4–18.2), τιγεκυκλίνη (OR=4.9, 95% CI: 1.4–18.2) και λινεζολίδη (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.1–15.0). Στην πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση η θεραπεία με τιγεκυκλίνη και η χρόνια ηπατική νόσος σχετίστηκαν ανεξάρτητα με τον επίκτητο βρογχικό αποικισμό με ανθεκτική K. pneumoniae. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης καταδεικνύουν ένα υψηλό ποσοστό επίκτητου τραχειοβρογχικού αποικισμού με ανθεκτικούς Gram-αρνητικούς μικροοργανισμούς στο βρογχικό δέντρο πρώιμα μετά την εισαγωγή στη ΜΕΘ, με κύριο προδιαθεσικό παράγοντα τον στοματοφαρυγγικό αποικισμό με τα ίδια παθογόνα και τη χρήση συγκεκριμένων αντιβιοτικών.

Clinical effectiveness of the composition of muramylpeptides from gram-negative bacteria in the treatment of severe chronic generalized periodontitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A.I. Grudyanov ◽  
E.V. Fomenko ◽  
O.V. Kalyuzhin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Indices ◽  
Periodontal Indices

The effectiveness of the immunomodulator Polymuramil (PM) was determined in the treatment of 40 patients with severe chronic generalized periodontitis based on the dynamics of the values of periodontal indices and the content of periodontal pathogens in the periodontal pockets. Patients of the main group (20 people) were treated with professional hygiene (PGO) in combination with daily intramuscular PM for 5 days at a dose of 200 mcg. Patients of the control group (20 people) were performed only PGO. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated based on the dynamics of the clinical indices of Muehlemann and PMA and the presence or absence of major periodontal pathogens in the periodontal pockets. Results: in patients of the main group, the phenomena of periodontal inflammation and the main periodontal pathogens were eliminated in a shorter time and to a greater extent in comparison with patients of the control group

Do Children Who Experience Laryngospasm Have an Increased Risk of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection?

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480. ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Schreiner ◽  
Irene O'Hara ◽  
Dorothea A. Markakis ◽  
George D. Politis
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Airway Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background Laryngospasm is the most frequently reported respiratory complication associated with upper respiratory infection and general anesthesia in retrospective studies, but prospective studies have failed to demonstrate any increase in risk. Methods A case-control study was performed to examine whether children with laryngospasm were more likely to have an upper respiratory infection on the day of surgery. The parents of all patients (N = 15,183) who were admitted through the day surgery unit were asked if their child had an active or recent (within 2 weeks of surgery) upper respiratory infection and were questioned about specific signs and symptoms to determine if the child met Tait and Knight's definition of an upper respiratory infection. Control subjects were randomly selected from patients whose surgery had occurred within 1 day of the laryngospasm event. Results Patients who developed laryngospasm (N = 123) were 2.05 times (95% confidence interval 1.21-3.45) more likely to have an active upper respiratory infection as defined by their parents than the 492 patients in the control group (P &lt; or = 0.01). The development of laryngospasm was not related to Tait and Knight's definition for an upper respiratory infection or to recent upper respiratory infection. Children with laryngospasm were more likely to be younger (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.99), to be scheduled for airway surgery (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.59), and to have their anesthesia supervised by a less experienced anesthesiologist (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.7) than children in the control group. Conclusion Laryngospasm was more likely to occur in children with an active upper respiratory infection, children who were younger, children who were undergoing airway surgery, and children whose anesthesia were supervised by less experienced anesthesiologists. Understanding the risk factors and the magnitude of the likely risk should help clinicians make the decision as to whether to anesthetize children with upper respiratory infection.

scholarly journals The Effect of Intraoperative Magnesium Sulphate Infusion on Emergence Agitation after Ambulatory Ophthalmic Surgery in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4126
Author(s):  
Yea-Ji Lee ◽  
Bo-Young Kim ◽  
Jae-Hee Park ◽  
Sae-Yeon Kim ◽  
Hee-Yeon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Emergence Agitation ◽  
Ophthalmic Surgery ◽  
Paediatric Patients

This study investigated whether intraoperative infusion of magnesium sulphate reduces the incidence of emergence agitation (EA) in paediatric patients who undergo ambulatory ophthalmic surgery using the Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. Ninety-two paediatric patients who were scheduled for elective ophthalmic surgery were randomly allocated to two groups: control or magnesium. In the magnesium group, patients received an initial intravenous loading dose of 30 mg/kg of 10% solution of magnesium sulphate over 10 min and then a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg×h during the surgery. In the control group, an equal volume of 0.9% isotonic saline was administered in the same way as in the magnesium group. The PAED scale was assessed at 15-min intervals until the PAED score reached below 10 at the postanaesthetic care unit. EA was defined as a PAED score of 10 or higher. Of the 86 patients recruited, 44 and 42 were allocated to the control and magnesium groups, respectively. The incidence of EA was 77.3% in the control group and 57.1% in the magnesium group (odds ratio, 0.392; 95% confidence interval, 0.154 to 0.997; p = 0.046). The intraoperative infusion of magnesium sulphate significantly reduced the incidence of EA.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 and its prevention in Ethiopia: A multicenter study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110343
Author(s):  
Bedru Jemal ◽  
Zemedu Aweke ◽  
Simeneh Mola ◽  
Sileshi Hailu ◽  
Sileshi Abiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Chronic Medical Illness ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: An emerging respiratory disease abbreviated as coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. The virus is zoonotic and tends to be transmitted between animals to humans and humans to humans. The major route of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 is droplet and close contact. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health has initiated training for health care workers at a different level. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health workers in Ethiopia toward coronavirus disease 2019 and its prevention techniques. Method: An institution-based multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in each of eight teaching and referral hospitals. A total of 422 Ethiopian healthcare workers were selected for the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward coronavirus disease 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the attitude and knowledge of healthcare workers toward coronavirus disease 2019 at a significance level of p < 0.05. Result: Three hundred ninety-seven healthcare workers participated in the study, with a response rate of 94%. Among these, 88.2% and 94.7% of respondents had good knowledge and positive attitudes, respectively. A respondent with a history of chronic medical illness (odds ratio: 0.193, 95% confidence interval: 0.063–0.593), social media, telecommunication, and television/radio as a source of information were significantly associated with knowledge (odds ratio: 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–7.4, OR: 4.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–14.3 and odds ratio: 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–7.2). In addition, respondents with a history of chronic medical illness were significantly associated with a negative attitude toward coronavirus disease 2019. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude were good while; the practice was relatively low. Sources of information such as social media, telecommunication, and television/radio were positively associated with healthcare workers' knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019.

scholarly journals Glucose levels during gestational diabetes pregnancy and the risk of developing postpartum diabetes or prediabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadakarn Phaloprakarn ◽  
Siriwan Tangjitgamol
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. Methods The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results The rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for T2DM and 45.3% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 8.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–20.3) for T2DM and 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–6.1) for prediabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes.

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