Tolerance of Variation in Eggshell Conductance, Water Loss, and Water Content by Red-Winged Blackbird Embryos

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Carey
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Eggshell Conductance

Abstract 23: Body Fluid And Sodium Loss Leads To Aldosterone Hypersecretion And Muscle Catabolism In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rats.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kidoguchi ◽  
Kento Kitada ◽  
Daisuke Nakano ◽  
Takashi Yokoo ◽  
Akira Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Muscle Catabolism

Background: The number of cancer survivors coincides with cardiovascular diseases is increasing, therefore, we are promoting the concept of “Onco-Hypertension” to clarify the mechanism linking cancer and blood pressure. In this study, we evaluated body osmolyte and water imbalance in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) model rats. Methods: Wistar rats were administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (1.5 μg/day, p.o.), a carcinogenic drug, for 8 weeks to establish liver cancer. Three weeks after the completion of DEN administration, we investigated blood pressure, tissue osmolyte and water content, and its association with aldosterone secretion. Results: HCC rats significantly reduced blood pressure, skin sodium, potassium, and water content. In the carcass (muscle + bone), dry weight, sodium, potassium, and water content were dramatically reduced without changing bone mass in HCC rats, suggesting that HCC causes muscle wasting to supply osmolyte and water for the dehydrated organs. These osmolytes and water loss were significantly associated with increased urinary aldosterone excretion. Supplementation of 0.25% salt water to drink improved body sodium and water loss and muscle wasting in HCC rats, which were completely suppressed by treatment with spironolactone (75 mg/kg/day, p.o.), a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HCC causes body osmolyte and water loss, which leads to aldosterone hypersecretion and muscle catabolism to compensate for dehydration. A relatively small amount of salt supplement ameliorates the HCC-induced dehydration and muscle wasting via aldosterone/MR-mediated sodium and water restoration.

Changes in specific airway resistance during prolonged breathing of moist air

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Norris Melville ◽  
W. T. Josenhans ◽  
W. T. Ulmer
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Specific Airway Resistance ◽  
Water Elimination

Effects of increased water content of inspired air at 21–38 °C on specific airway resistance (sRaw) in 107 healthy subjects were measured with a body plethysmograph. Mean sRaw increased insignificantly at 23 °C with 92% relative humidity (water content, 20.7 g∙m−3) for up to 71 h but became significant at 6 h with water content 25 g∙m−3. Increases were greater when evaporated tap water was inhaled than when distilled water was used. It is postulated that the increase in sRaw is due to mucosal swelling and to contaminants in tap water. A theory of respiratory "water elimination" is proposed to replace the concept of respiratory water loss.

Water loss dynamics in maize hybrids with different genotypes

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Dobos ◽  
G. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Maximum Water Content

Tests were made on the water dynamics of water loss in maize at two locations at major maize production areas, Debrecen and Szeged, as a function of the heat sum required up to physiological ripening. The maximum water content was found to vary according to the hybrid and the year. No significant differences were found between the effective heat sums associated with maximum values within a year, the difference being 2-4 calendar days. There was a close correlation between the maximum grain water content and the length of the generative phase for a given hybrid in a given year. Better water supplies (1998) resulted in higher maximum water content values, which indirectly promoted longer and more intensive dry matter incorporation. Of all the environmental parameters, the drying down rate is primarily determined by the temperature. The changes in grain moisture content in a specific hybrid can be characterised by a joint linear graph. The drying down rate of the individual hybrids was determined by examining the b term of the linear equation.

Relationship of excised-leaf water loss and stomatal frequency in wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Leaf Water Loss

Rate of water loss from excised leaves of wheat (Triticum spp.) is associated with adaptation to dry growing conditions, but the causes of observed genotypic differences are not well understood. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between stomatal characteristics and excised-leaf water status in tetraploid (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat genotypes. Samples were taken from field and growth-room experiments to measure stomatal frequency (SF) and size, leaf water content at excision (WC0) and 30 min after excision (WC30), rate of water loss (RWL) 30-120 min after excision, epidermal conductance (ge), and relative water content (RWC). SF was not correlated with RWL in the field experiments and was negatively correlated with WC0 and WC30 in tetraploids but not in hexaploids. In the growth-room experiment, SF was positively correlated with ge 50 and 30 min after excision for tetraploid and hexaploid genotypes, respectively. SF was correlated with RWL in tetraploids (r = 0.64*, n = 12) and hexaploids (r = 0.81**, n = 12). However, there were no significant correlations between stomatal characteristics and WC0, WC30 or RWC. These results indicate that SF is perhaps one of several factors influencing genotypic differences in excised-leaf water loss. The inconsistency of this relationship may be due to the influence of other traits affecting RWL. Key words: Leaf water loss, stomata, drought, Triticum aestivum L., T. turgidum L. var. durum

Water content, weight change, and activity of apterous and alate virginoparous Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. MacKay ◽  
R. G. H. Downer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Final Moult ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Changes in weight, water content, and activity of alate and apterous virginoparous Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) were observed during development from third instar larvae to mature adults. Apterous aphids gained weight steadily until the 4th day of adulthood, and showed no dramatic changes in activity during this period. The live weights of alate aphids decreased during the 24 h immediately following the final moult, but increased gradually after this lime. The onset of weight loss occurred before the active nonfeeding period during which dispersal would normally lake place. Recommencement of weight gain followed the resumption of feeding. After the adult moult, the water content of alatae expressed as a percentage of live weight decreased for 24 h. whereas that of apterae remained constant. During the next 24 h, the water content of alatae increased to a level slightly below that of apterae. Thereafter, both morphs maintained a constant water content until about the 5th day, when a slight increase was evident. Eighty-five percent of the weight loss of adult alatae is attributable to water loss. It is suggested that dehydration of newly moulted adult alatae is an adaptation to facilitate dispersive flight.

scholarly journals Relationships between Postharvest Water Loss and Physical Properties of Pepper Fruit (Capsicum annuum L.)

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1182-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Lownds ◽  
M. Banaras ◽  
P.W. Bosland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Water Loss Rate ◽  
Wax Content

Physical characteristics [initial water content, surface area, surface area: volume (SA: V) ratio, cuticle weight, epicuticular wax content, and surface morphology] were examined to determine relationships between physical properties and water-loss `rate in pepper fruits. `Keystone', `NuMex R Naky', and `Santa Fe Grande' peppers, differing in physical characteristics, were stored at 8, 14, or 20C. Water-loss rate increased linearly with storage time at each temperature and was different for each cultivar. Water-loss rate was positively correlated with initial water content at 14 and 20C, SA: V ratio at all temperatures, and cuticle thickness at 14 and 20C. Water-loss rate was negatively correlated with surface area and epicuticular wax content at all temperatures. Stomata were absent on the fruit surface, and epicuticular wax was amorphous for each cultivar.

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