scholarly journals The effect of electrical conductivity on nanosecond discharges in distilled water and in methanol with argon bubbles

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (18) ◽  
pp. 185207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hamdan ◽  
Kristiāns Čerņevičs ◽  
Min Suk Cha
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Distilled Water

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Selected Physicochemical Properties of Pozzolan Portland and MTA-Based Cements

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maura Cristiane Gonçales Orçati Dorileo ◽  
Ricardo Dalla Villa ◽  
Orlando Aguirre Guedes ◽  
Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha ◽  
Alex Semenoff-Segundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
American National Standard Institute ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Level Of Significance

Physicochemical properties of pozzolan Portland cement were compared to ProRoot MTA and MTA BIO. To test the pH, the samples were immersed in distilled water for different periods of time. After the pH analysis, the sample was retained in the plastic recipient, and the electrical conductivity of the solution was measured. The solubility and radiopacity properties were evaluated according to specification 57 of the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA). The statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test at a 5% level of significance. Pozzolan Portland cement exhibited pH and electrical conductivity mean values similar to those of the MTA-based cements. The solubilities of all tested materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA standards. Only the MTA-based cements met the ANSI/ADA recommendations for radiopacity. It might be concluded that the pH and electrical conductivity of pozzolan Portland cement are similar to and comparable to those of MTA-based cements.

scholarly journals Influence of electrical conductivity on water uptake and vase life of cut gladiolus stems

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Lucas Cavalcante Da Costa ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira De Araújo ◽  
Teresa Drummond Correia Mendes ◽  
Fernando Luiz Finger
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Standard Composition

<p>Several experiments reveal that distilled water varies among different laboratories and also does not have a standard composition. Water electrical conductivity (EC) of vase solution is one of the parameters that influence the water uptake by cut flowers. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of electrical conductivity on water uptake and vase life in cut stems of gladiolus. The stems harvested and kept in distilled water (pH 6.6, EC &lt;0.01dS m-1) and tap water (pH 7.0, EC 0.75 dS m-1) at room temperature. Flowers kept in tap water showed lower fresh weight loss after the second day and higher water uptake during vase life. In a second set of experiments, we verified the limit EC saturation supported by the flower. For this, flowers were placed in individual test tubes containing four different solutions with varying ion concentrations. Solution 2 (EC 0.60 dS m-1) promoted increased vase life and allowed maximum water uptake by the flowers. The results show that the electrical conductivity of vase solution is a major parameter in experiments with vase life of cut gladiolus. The presence of ions in the vase solution increases the overall vase life and improves water uptake of flowers with favorable optimal EC between 0.60 to 0.87 dS m-1.</p>

scholarly journals Adapting the Pour-through Medium Extraction Method to Phalaenopsis Grown in Sphagnum Moss

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2167-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Ying Yao ◽  
Ren-Shih Chung ◽  
Sheng-Bin Ho ◽  
Yao-Chien Alex Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
The Press ◽  
Press Method ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Set Up

Sphagnum moss, which has very different chemical and physical characteristics compared with other soilless media, is commonly used as a substrate to grow Phalaenopsis in countries such as Japan and Taiwan. Pour-through (PT) is a nondestructive, effective, and convenient medium extraction method developed for peat-based media. To know if PT can be applied to sphagnum moss and to set up a standard procedure, experiments were conducted to test the effects of volume and electrical conductivity (EC) of the displacing solution and the timing of leachate collection on leachate properties. Results demonstrated that applying distilled water with a volume less than 70 mL to 10.5-cm pots 1 h after fertigation did not influence leachate EC and pH. Applying displacing solution with EC between 0.001 and 0.93 dS·m−1 1 h after fertigation did not affect leachate EC or pH. Thus, in theory, a variety of solutions may be used for displacement. Leachate properties were found to remain consistent when collected between 20 and 160 min after fertigation. These results demonstrated that PT can be successfully used in Phalaenopsis cultivation with sphagnum moss. Furthermore, substrate EC obtained by PT extraction was highly correlated with that by the press method, confirming that PT is a feasible medium extraction method for sphagnum moss in Phalaenopsis cultivation.

Effect of HCl Concentration and Acetone Washing on the Dielectric and Conduction Properties of Polyaniline Salts

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayashree Mohanty ◽  
S.R. Mishra ◽  
Tanmaya Badapanda ◽  
S. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chain Polymer ◽  
Pani Salt ◽  
Long Chain

Aims: The aim of the work is to study the effect of acid concentration and acetone washing on electrical properties of Polyaniline (PANI) salts prepared through chemically oxidative polymerization. Background: The frequency dependent conductivity and dielectric permittivity provide important information on the electrical properties of conducting polymers which gives information regarding their utility in electronic applications. Objective: Hence, the present study is based on the comparative the electrical properties study (dielectric and electrical conductivity) of PANI salts prepared in two different media like water and 1M HCl along with study regarding effect acetone washing on the said electrical properties of the polymer samples. Methods: PANI salts are synthesized through chemical oxidative polymerisation of aniline hydrochloride with the oxidant ammonium persulphate in two different media like water and 1M HCl. One part of the PANI salt samples were washed with distilled water after synthesis and another part of the polymer samples were washed with distilled water followed by acetone to study the effect of acetone washing on the electrical properties of polymer samples. Results: Non-acetone washed PANI salt prepared in water medium shows the highest dielectric as well as electrical conductivity due to the increased charge carriers provided both by long chain polymer as well as short chain oligomers. When the acid concentration is increased to 1M there may be loss of protons accompanied by pairing of free radicals to form quinoimine units that leads to the loss of charge carriers consequently decreasing the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity. Conclusion : PANI salt prepared in water shows the highest dielectric as well as conductivity due to the increased charge carriers provided both by long chain polymer as well as short chain oligomers.

METODOLOGIA DO TESTE DE CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA EM SEMENTES DE SORGO GRANIFERO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
ARTHUR RODRIGUES MARQUES ◽  
ALEK SANDRO DUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Seed Imbibition ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

RESUMO - A condutividade elétrica da solução de embebição de sementes é um procedimento recomendado para avaliar o vigor de sementes, porém, ainda não se tem um procedimento padrão para diversas espécies. Objetivou-se determinar o tempo e a temperatura adequadamente combinados para o teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L.). A conditividade elétrica da água de embebição foi medida usando um condutivímetro, com temperatura na estufa encubadora BOD de 20, 25 e 30 °C em períodos de 2, 4, 8, 16, 20 e 24 horas usando 50 e 25 mL de água destilada. O experimento foi designado em um esquema fatorial de 3x6x2 e aleatoriamente agrupado, com cinco repetições de 50 sementes por amostra. Os resultados evidenciaram que o aumento do tempo de embebição das sementes e da temperatura causou um aumento nos valores de condutividade elétrica. A temperatura afetou significativamente os valores de condutividade elétrica e os melhores resultados foram obtidos a 25 e 30 °C. As sementes embebidas em 25 mL de água destilada apresentaram maiores valores de condutividade elétrica independentemente da temperatura para todos os períodos de tempo. Concluiu-se que a temperatura de 30 °C no período de embebição de 16 horas e volume de 25 mL de água é a combinação mais adequada para realizar o teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de sorgo.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, germinação, vigor.METHODOLOGY FOR THE TEST OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN GRAIN SORGHUM SEEDSABSTRACT - The electrical conductivity of the seed imbibing solution is a recommended method of evaluating seed vigour, but there is still no standard method for the different species. The aim of this study was to determine a suitably combined time and temperature for the test of electrical conductivity in sorghum seeds (Sorghum bicolor L.). The electrical conductivity of the imbibition water was measured using a conductivity meter, at temperatures in the BOD incubator of 20, 25 and 30 °C, and at periods of 2, 4, 8, 16, 20 and 24 hours, using 50 and 25 mL of distilled water. The experiment was designed as a 3x6x2 randomly grouped factorial scheme, with five replications of 50 seeds per sample. The results showed that increases in seed imbibition time and temperature caused an increase in the values of electrical conductivity. The temperature had a significant effect on the values of electrical conductivity, with the best results obtained at 25 and 30 °C. The seeds soaked in 25 mL of distilled water showed higher values for electrical conductivity independently of temperature for all periods. It was concluded that a temperature of 30 °C at an imbibition time of 16 hours, and volume of 25 mL of water is the most suitable combination to carry out the test of electrical conductivity on sorghum seeds.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, germination, vigour.

Chloride salts inhibit emergence and seedling growth of chickpea rather than germination

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdi Özaktan ◽  
Cemalettin Yasar Çiftçi Çiftçi ◽  
Mehmet Demir KAYA ◽  
Sati Uzun ◽  
Oguzhan Uzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

The effects of chloride salts (NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2) with the same electrical conductivity (EC) values on germination, emergence, seedling growth and Cl content of seedling in chickpea cultivars (Akçin 91, Aziziye, Gökçe, Inci, Iºýk-05 and Yaºa-05) were investigated. The EC values of the chloride salts were adjusted to 4, 8 and 16 dS m-1 and the distilled water was served as control. Germination percentage, mean germination time, radicula and plumula lengths, fresh and dry radicula and plumula weight, chloride (Cl-) content of seedling in germination test, and seedling length, fresh and dry seedling weight in emergence test were measured. The results revealed that increasing salt doses caused a significant reduction in parameters of all cultivars. The dose of 16 dS m-1 from each salt was found to be lethal. Cl- content of seedling was increased from 0.05 ppm in control to 4.10 ppm in 16 dS m-1; resulting in decreasing germination, emergence and seedling growth. The cultivar Aziziye presented better performance and gave higher emergence rates in NaCl, while Iºýk-05 in CaCl2 and Gökçe in MgCl2; indicating that there was a genotypic variation towards different salt sources. It was concluded that emergence and seedling growth were severely influenced by increasing salinity without changing germination and emergence was not possible at 16 dS m-1.

Electrospinning of poly-L-lactide nanofibers on liquid reservoir collectors

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Röcker ◽  
Andreas Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Non Linear

AbstractThe electrospinning process of Poly-L-lactide (PLA) solutions using liquid reservoir collectors was studied. As collector liquids, distilled water and sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations were used. A new, non-linear correlation of the fiber diameter and the filling of the collector was found. It was also proved, that the electrical conductivity of the substrate has a strong influence on the electrospinning process and the nanofibers obtained therein, both in diameter and in morphology

scholarly journals III.—On the Electrical Conductivity of Certain Saline Solutions, with a Note on the Density

1873 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ewing ◽  
J. G. MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glass Bulb ◽  
Saline Solutions

In preparing solutions of various salts with a view to determine their electrical conductivity, we found it of importance to know both the amount of salt in each solution, and its density. We prepared the solutions by mixing known weights of the salt under examination with known volumes of distilled water, and then measured their densities as soon as solution was complete by weighing a glass bulb in the liquid. We employed a balance which weighed to a milligramme with a kilogramme in each pan, and to give the results as great accuracy as possible we corrected for the upward pressure of the air displaced by the weights. The weight of the bulb itself was about eighty grammes. When not in use it was kept immersed in distilled water, in order to prevent change in its weight or volume being caused by impurities adhering to it. The temperature at which the densities were taken was 10° centigrade.

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