Biological control on plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium by using some plant extracts in vivo and in vitro

Antiviral treatments inhibiting Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication may represent a strategy complementary to vaccination to fight the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Molecules or extracts inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 chymotripsin-like protease (3CLPro) could contribute to reducing or suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Using a targeted approach, we identified 17 plant products that are included in current and traditional cuisines as promising inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity. Methanolic extracts were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity using a quenched fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. Extracts from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes, mustard (Brassica nigra) seeds, and wall rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides) at 500 µg mL−1 displayed significant inhibition of the 3CLPro activity, resulting in residual protease activities of 0.0%, 9.4%, and 14.9%, respectively. Using different extract concentrations, an IC50 value of 15.74 µg mL−1 was calculated for turmeric extract. Commercial curcumin inhibited the 3CLPro activity, but did not fully account for the inhibitory effect of turmeric rhizomes extracts, suggesting that other components of the turmeric extract must also play a main role in inhibiting the 3CLPro activity. Sinigrin, a major glucosinolate present in mustard seeds and wall rocket, did not have relevant 3CLPro inhibitory activity; however, its hydrolysis product allyl isothiocyanate had an IC50 value of 41.43 µg mL−1. The current study identifies plant extracts and molecules that can be of interest in the search for treatments against COVID-19, acting as a basis for future chemical, in vivo, and clinical trials.

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Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4556 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hanna Zielinska-Blizniewska ◽

Przemyslaw Sitarek ◽

Anna Merecz-Sadowska ◽

Katarzyna Malinowska ◽

Karolina Zajdel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Complementary Therapy ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Mitochondrial Activity ◽

Oxygen Species

Obesity is a complex disease of great public health significance worldwide: It entails several complications including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension, and its prevalence is increasing around the world. The pathogenesis of obesity is closely related to reactive oxygen species. The role of reactive oxygen species as regulatory factors in mitochondrial activity in obese subjects, molecules taking part in inflammation processes linked to excessive size and number of adipocytes, and as agents governing the energy balance in hypothalamus neurons has been examined. Phytotherapy is the traditional form of treating health problems using plant-derived medications. Some plant extracts are known to act as anti-obesity agents and have been screened in in vitro models based on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and activity of pancreatic lipase methods and in in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity rat/mouse models and human models. Plant products may be a good natural alternative for weight management and a source of numerous biologically-active chemicals, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract the oxidative stress associated with obesity. This review presents polyphenols as natural complementary therapy, and a good nutritional strategy, for treating obesity without serious side effects.

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Biological activity from indigenous medicinal plants of Mauritius

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200577010041 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. Gurib-Fakim ◽

H. Subratty ◽

F. Narod ◽

J. Govinden-Soulange ◽

F. Mahomoodally

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Plant Materials ◽

In Vivo Screening ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Minor Ailments

The Mauritian population has a long tradition in the use of ethno-medicine, and the practice is still strong, especially in the treatment of minor ailments. Such interest stems from an existing culture, and many “tisanes” are still prepared from plant materials and sold in several markets around the island.This paper will focus on the various chemical/biological screening techniques currently being used to evaluate the biological properties of medicinal plant extracts. Particular emphasis will be put on extraction and various screening for biological/pharmacological properties. Due consideration will be given to the pharmacological approaches that utilize different animal models for the in vitro and in vivo screening of medicinal plant extracts.

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Virulence and Genetic Characterization of Six Baculovirus Strains Isolated From Different Populations of Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-988050/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ingrid Zanella-Saenz ◽

Elisabeth A. Herniou ◽

Jorge E. Ibarra ◽

Ma.Cristina Del Rincón-Castro ◽

Ilse Alejandra Huerta-Arredondo

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

The United States ◽

Infection Mechanisms ◽

Different Populations

Abstract Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), is a polyphagous, voracious, and economically important agricultural pest. Biological control of FAW is a strategy that must be further explored. This study evaluated six baculovirus strains isolated from infected FAW larvae from Mexico, Argentina, Honduras, and the United States. Five alphabaculoviruses (SfNPV-An2, SfNPV-Arg, SfNPV-Fx, SfNPV-Ho and SfNPV-Sin) and one betabaculovirus (SfGV-RV), were tested against FAW larvae, showing a wide diversity of virulence levels among strains when their estimated LC50s were compared, being SfNPVArg, SfNPV-Ho and SfNPV-Fx more virulent than SfNPV-An 2 , SfNPV-Sin and SfGV-RV. To determine any virulence difference in vitro studies of these isolates, Sf9 cell cultures were used. Interestingly, only ODVs from four of the test SfNPV strains showed infectivity on Sf9 cell cultures, and some differences in virulence were observed. Genomic restriction analyses and partial sequences of lef-8, lef-9 , and polh/granulin genes showed little variability among alphabaculoviruses, both, among them and with previously reported sequences. However, sequences from SfGV-RV were closer to previously reported sequences from the SfGVVG008 strain than the SfGV-Arg and SfGV-VG014 strains. The great difference in the in vivo virulence was not correlated with great similarity among the isolates. The characterization of these six baculoviruses isolates offers the basis for exploring their potential as biological control agents against S. frugiperda, as well the initial studies on their specific infection mechanisms, evolution, and ecology.

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In vitro and in vivo Assay for Assessment of the Biological Control Potential of Streptomyces sp. KT

Journal of Plant Studies ◽

10.5539/jps.v7n1p10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Tatsuya Ohike ◽

Minori Maeda ◽

Tetsuya Matsukawa ◽

Masahiro Okanami ◽

Shin’ichiro Kajiyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Bipolaris Oryzae ◽

Biological Control Potential ◽

Dual Culture Assay

Rhizoctonia solani is fungal plant pathogen that infects many different host plants. Recently, biological control agents that are friendly to the environment and ecosystems have attracted much attention as an alternative to the use of chemical fungicide which have been used worldwide to control soil borne pathogens including R. solani. In this study, 53 strains of actinomycetes isolated from environmental soils, and antifungal activities of them were assessed by the dual culture assay. Strain KT showed strong inhibitory activities against 8 phytopathogenic fungi. A great suppressive effect on R. solani growth was observed in the inoculation test of plants using cucumber and chin-geng-sai. In addition, infection of Bipolaris oryzae also could be suppressed in the detached leaf assay using oats. As a result of genetic analysis, it was shown that KT was a species closely related to Streptomyces lavenduligriseus NRRL B-3173T. However, as far as we know, there is no report for biological control agents using S. lavenduligriseus. This study suggests that the strain KT may useful as biological control agents to suppress various crop diseases.

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Kemampuan Bakteri Endofit Akar dan Ubi Kentang untuk Menekan Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) pada Ubi

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v27i3.10880 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Noor Istifadah ◽

Muhamad Salman Umar ◽

Sudarjat Sudarjat ◽

Luciana Djaya

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Potato Tuber ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Rot Disease

ABSTRACTThe abilities of endophytic bacteria from potato roots and tubers to suppress soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) in potato tuberSoft rot disease caused by Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora is one of limiting factors in cultivation and post harvest of potato. The eco-friendly control measure that can be developed for controlling the diseases is biological control. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include endophytic bacteria. This paper discussed the results of study examining the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots and tubers of potato to inhibit the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro and suppress soft rot disease in potato tuber. The results showed that among 24 isolates examined, four isolates of endophytic bacteria (one isolate from potato tuber and three isolates from potato roots) inhibited the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro with inhibition zone 3.5-6.8 mm. In the in vivo test, the isolates inhibited the soft rot disease in potato tuber by 71.5-86.4%. The isolate that tended to show relatively better inhibition in vitro and in vivo was isolate from potato tuber which is CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.)Keywords: Biological control, Endophytic bacteria, Post-harvest, Potato, Soft rot diseaseABSTRAKPenyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan bakteri Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora, merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya dan pascapanen kentang. Cara pengendalian ramah lingkungan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menekan penyakit tersebut adalah pengendalian biologi. Kelompok mikroba yang berpotensi sebagi agens pengendali biologi adalah bakteri endofit. Artikel ini mendiskusikan potensi isolat bakteri endofit yang berasal dari ubi dan akar kentang untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dan menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa diantara 24 isolat bakteri yang diuji, terdapat empat isolat bakteri endofit (satu isolat dari ubi kentang dan tiga isolat dari akar kentang) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dengan zona penghambatan sebesar 3,5-6,8 mm. Pada pengujian secara in vivo, isolat-isolat tersebut dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang sebesar 71,5-86,4%. Isolat yang cenderung menunjukkan penghambatan relatif lebih baik secara in vitro dan in vivo adalah isolat bakteri endofit asal ubi kentang yaitu isolat CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.).Kata Kunci: Pengendalian biologi, Bakteri endofit, Pascapanen, Kentang, Penyakit busuk basah

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Effect of Plant Extracts against Bipolaris sorokiniana under in vitro and in vivo Conditions

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 2422-2431

Author(s):

Pankaj Tiwari Ramesh Singh

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana

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Efficacy of different fungicides and biopesticides for the management of lentil wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis)

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v8i01.19565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

KAMLESH RAM ◽

RAMESH SINGH

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Test Plant ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Wilt Incidence

In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the efficacy of fungicides and biopesticides. Among the fungicides, in Carbedazim to the most effective as they have inhibited the mycelia growth completely of the test fungus, and Benomyl, Topsin - M, Ridomil,Vitavax were found the next best in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 92.11% to 83.46% respectively. Sadabahar was least effective plant extracts which causes 42 mm of radial growth and inhibited the growth of the only 19.23%. In Vivo condition the maximum seed germination (95.50% and 95.33%), minimum wilt incidence (5.16% and 3.65%) and highest grain yield (10.50 q/ha and 10.35 q/ha) was found seed treatment with Carbendazim (0.2%). Among the test plant extracts Tulsi was lested effective, which show the minimum seed germination (80.00% and 77.50%), maximum wilt incidence (15.70% and 14.10%), and lowest grain yield (3.92 q/ha and 4.17 q/ha).

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Effect of China berry crude extracts on broad mites in vivo and in vitro

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2008.2.1.19 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

Assma Gatta ◽

Luaay K. Al – ani ◽

Nabeel Al - ani

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Concentration Increase ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Number Increase ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Tissue culture were established from leaf and stem of china berry (Melia azedarach ) tree . Using MS media the best regulator to form callus were 6mg/l BAP, all other concentrations did not give callus . The crude extracts from leaves and callus established from leaves were extracted with water and ethanol with different concentrations. In ethanol extracts the least concentration 0.0001 half of the treated parasites were killed in 24 hours while the number increase as the concentration increase . However in callus the ethanol extracts were much higher about 8.5 were killed in the above concentration . In water extracts the least concentration 0.0001 killed half of the treated parasites in 24 hours .This number was increased 8 or 9 in 48 and 72 hours respectively . These results give us preliminary idea about the biological control of this dangerous parasite.

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