scholarly journals Too Hot to Stay at Home: Residential Heat Vulnerability in Urban India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012166
Author(s):  
Aditi Agarwal ◽  
Holly Samuelson
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Building Simulations ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Heat Vulnerability

Abstract Rising temperatures may lead to deadly heat waves in India. Combined with a growing urban population and mass production of affordable housing, this can sharply accelerate the demand for space cooling. India’s voluntary Energy Conservation Building Code - Residential (ECBC-R) or Eco Niwas Samhita 2018 limits thermal transmittance of the envelope. This research considers and critiques this approach through building simulation and an analysis of indoor comfort and severity of overheating during the summer months (April-May-June), in hot-dry and warm-humid climate zones. Code requirements neither vary with climate zones, nor is it adapted to future climate conditions. Our building simulations and analysis show that soon (2030s) parts of the country are likely to suffer from overheating 74% of time in summer. A minimally code compliant building would need air conditioning 90% of summer while a highly efficient iteration could reduce this by a third, in the hot-dry climate zone. Further, commonly used envelope assemblies are uncomfortably hot 77% (in the hot-dry zone) and 23% (in the hot-humid zone) of time in summer, on average. This analysis illustrates the vulnerability of current construction techniques to extreme heat and aims to avoid a long-term lock-in of inefficient, high energy consuming residential buildings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in the Traditional Bourgeoisie Houses in Beirut

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Jad Hammoud ◽  
Elise Abi Rached
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Climate Zones

The increasing of energy demands has considerably increased the requirements for new and traditional buildings in different climate zones. Unprecedented heat waves have increased climate temperature, in particular, in moderate climate zones such as Lebanon. In Beirut, only the residential sector consumes 50% of total electricity consumption. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning) systems are used to reach acceptable thermal comfort levels in the new residential buildings. In case of the traditional bourgeoisie houses in Beirut, there are no discussions about the use of HVAC systems to achieve the required thermal comfort level. Thus, to reach an acceptable thermal comfort level, these houses which already contain natural ventilation system shall adapt the modern thermal comfort requirements and thermal comfort strategies and technologies where their architectural features and existing materials condition the available solutions. In order to identify the best options within the possible intervention lines (envelopes, passive strategies, equipment, renewable energy systems), it is necessary to perceive the real performance of this type of houses. In this context, the article presents the results of the study of thermal performance and comfort in a three case studies located in Beirut. Detailed field data records collected are analyzed, with a view to identify the indoor thermal environment with respect to outdoor thermal environment in different seasons. Monitoring also included measurement of hygrothermal parameters and surveys of occupant thermal sensation.

A Cost Analysis of Wall-Hung Mounted Gas Boiler Using in Residential Buildings of Beijing

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2914-2919
Author(s):  
Tong Yang ◽  
Wei Na ◽  
De Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Structure

In order to improve the city environment, and achieve a leap in making reasonable use of natural gas and optimizing energy structure, the Beijing municipal government has established its basic policy to “transform its coal-based energy structure, introduce large amount of natural gas”. As the wall-hung gas boiler has easy operation, flexible adjustment and high energy efficiency, the application of it is becoming more widely considered among the residential building. The work proposes the survey of the heating way about affordable housing and the “two limit” commodity housing in Beijing. The adaptability between the household wall-hung gas boiler heating way and other heating ways is compared. The energy efficiency, initial investment and operating cost of all the heating ways that are being used in Beijing are discussed in the paper. The final analysis is then evaluated by a panel of experts to determine its accuracy and potential for use in a greenway development plan of heating way in Beijing. Analysis shows that the commercial housing is more suitable than affordable housing to use the wall-hung gas boiler. This is mainly be effected by the characteristics of the user’s economic condition and the residences’ distribution.

scholarly journals Climate adapted houses in Iran: Hot, cold and humid climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Mahtab Baghaiepoor ◽  
Goran Jovanovic ◽  
Mirko Stanimirovic
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The City

The issue of Climate Change has raised so much attention for decades, specifically in recent years. Modern trends in urban architecture which tried to create living machines similar to each other in any context, have now been proven to be insufficient and unless we decide to respect nature and make our buildings cooperate with their contexts as soon as possible we cannot address further threads regarding our future life. If we take a look at traditional architecture existing in old towns and rural area, we can see how people managed to bond a new construction with its surroundings. In this article we study different architectural patterns which exists in old architectures of towns and villages in Iran; the country which can be a good case study due to its rich diversity of nature, climate zones and architectural background. In Iran we have a range of climate of cities from hot and dry to humid and very cold ones. So, depending on the city climate, water supplies and energy sufficiency people tried to create best residential buildings. Here we try to check out some examples.

Bioclimatic and Energy Efficiency Considerations for Social Housing: A Case Study in Hot Dry Climate

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Ochoa ◽  
Irene Marincic ◽  
Maria G. Alpuche ◽  
Sofia Canseco ◽  
Ana C. Borbon
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Design And Construction

The development of social housing In Mexico during the last decade has been supported by the different levels of government (federal, state, and municipal) in order to assist low-income families. The accelerated construction that takes place in order to address the housing deficit causes a reduction in the quality of design and construction, which is also affected by rising building costs. Environmental comfort conditions inside the dwellings are reduced drastically when houses are constructed without considering climate conditions, especially in hot arid regions. This situation generates uncomfortable thermal conditions for users and high-energy costs due to the unavoidable need of air conditioning. User profiles, architectural program, comfort preferences and guidelines for design and construction of future dwellings in the city of Hermosillo, in northwest Mexico, were determined by surveying beneficiaries of government affordable housing programs. One survey measured the degree of satisfaction of inhabitants in a sample of over 370 households; a second survey sampled 200 households and was aimed at determining aspects of comfort. This paper describes the results of thermal simulations carried out on two housing models. The first model represents the type usually constructed by commercial developers, and the second is a proposal developed by the research team according to guidelines based on the results of the research project described before. This study is a preliminary step in the construction of a physical model for experimental research and demonstration.

An Analysis and Evaluation on Adaptability of Wall-Hung Mounted Gas Boiler between Indemnificatory Residential Buildings in Beijing

2011 ◽  
Vol 354-355 ◽  
pp. 784-788
Author(s):  
Wei Na ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
De Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Structure

With an increasing emphasis on easy operation, flexible adjustment and high energy efficiency, the application of the wall-hung gas boiler are becoming more widely considered among the residential building as a competitive or alternative way to district and central heating in Beijing. It meets the implementation of the policies in twelve-five year plan of China: improving Beijing’s environment and future sustainable transform on its coal-based energy structure. A survey of the heating way of indemnificatory housing, price-fixed housing and affordable housing in Beijing is proposed. The results show that the heating area using the wall-hung gas boiler in the resident building is 55% of the total heating area in Beijing and 67% of the total heating area in new buildings. Then, the adaptability between the household wall-hung gas boiler heating way and other heating ways is compared. The energy efficiency, initial investment, operating cost and user satisfaction are discussed. The final analysis is then evaluated by a panel of experts to determine its accuracy and potential for use in a greenway development plan of heating way in Beijing.

Sewage Treatment in Helophyte Beds–First Experiences with a New Treatment Procedure

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bucksteeg
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Operation Conditions

Waste water treatment in helophyte beds under humid climate conditions has been favoured by some German ecologists for some years. The idea is to cause waste water to flow horizontally through the root zone of helophytes to achieve satisfactory effluent properties. There exist many highly different proposals regarding the choice of soil and helophytes to be applied, bed area, design of inlets and outlets and operation conditions. A few plants have been operated in practice for some years. It appears that clogging is one of the main problems occurring in these plants. The hydraulic uptake capacity of soil is discussed in Darcy's law. Comparisons with observations of plants in operation are drawn. The interactions between soil properties, its uptake capacity, BOD5-, COD-, N- and P-reduction are evaluated. The effluent results of helophyte beds are compared with those of low-loaded trickling filters and of ponds used for sewage treatment in small villages in rural areas of Germany. It has been proved that the total construction costs of sewage treatment plants with helophyte beds used as the biological stage are higher when compared with those of conventional plants in general.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Thermal Mass of the Building Envelope on Summer Overheating of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4117
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kuczyński ◽  
Anna Staszczuk ◽  
Piotr Ziembicki ◽  
Anna Paluszak
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Night Ventilation

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of increasing the thermal capacity of a residential building by using traditional building materials to reduce the risk of its excessive overheating during intense heat waves in a temperate climate. An additional objective is to show that the use of this single passive measure significantly reduces the risk of overheating in daytime rooms, but also, though to a much lesser extent, in bedrooms. Increasing the thermal mass of the room from light to a medium heavy reduced the average maximum daily temperature by 2.2K during the first heat wave and by 2.6K during the other two heat waves. The use of very heavy construction further reduced the average maximum temperature for the heat waves analyzed by 1.4K, 1.2K and 1.7K, respectively, giving a total possible reduction in maximum daily temperatures in the range of 3.6 °C, 3.8 °C and 4.3 °C. A discussion of the influence of occupant behavior on the use of night ventilation and external blinds was carried out, finding a significant effect on the effectiveness of the use of both methods. The results of the study suggest that in temperate European countries, preserving residential construction methods with heavy envelopes and partitions could significantly reduce the risk of overheating in residential buildings over the next few decades, without the need for night ventilation or external blinds, whose effectiveness is highly dependent on individual occupant behavior.

scholarly journals Proposing Alternative Solutions to Enhance Natural Ventilation Rates in Residential Buildings in the Cfa Climate Zone of Rasht

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Roya Aeinehvand ◽  
Amiraslan Darvish ◽  
Abdollah Baghaei Daemei ◽  
Shima Barati ◽  
Asma Jamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Today, renewable resources and the crucial role of passive strategies in energy efficiency in the building sector toward the sustainable development goals are more indispensable than ever. Natural ventilation has traditionally been considered as one of the most fundamental techniques to decrease energy usage by building dwellers and designers. The main purpose of the present study is to enhance the natural ventilation rates in an existing six-story residential building situated in the humid climate of Rasht during the summertime. On this basis, two types of ventilation systems, the Double-Skin Facade Twin Face System (DSF-TFS) and Single-Sided Wind Tower (SSWT), were simulated through DesignBuilder version 4.5. Then, two types of additional ventilation systems were proposed in order to accelerate the airflow, including four-sided as well as multi-opening wind towers. The wind foldable directions were at about 45 degrees (northwest to southeast). The simulation results show that SSWT could have a better performance than the aforementioned systems by about 38%. Therefore, the multi-opening system was able to enhance the ventilation rate by approximately 10% during the summertime.

scholarly journals Climate bones of contention: How climate variability influences territorial, maritime, and river interstate conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Cody J Schmidt ◽  
Bomi K Lee ◽  
Sara McLaughlin Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Intrastate Conflict ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

Many scholars examine the relationship between climate variability and intrastate conflict onset. While empirical findings in this literature are mixed, we know less about how climate changes increase the risks for conflicts between countries. This article studies climate variability using the issue approach to world politics. We examine whether climate variability influences the onset and militarization of interstate diplomatic conflicts and whether these effects are similar across issues that involve sovereignty claims for land (territory) or water (maritime, river). We focus on two theoretical mechanisms: scarcity ( abundance) and uncertainty. We measure these concepts empirically through climate deviation (e.g. droughts/floods, heat waves/cold spells) and climate volatility (greater short-term variance in precipitation/temperature). Analyses of issue claims in the Western Hemisphere and Europe (1901–2001) show that greater deviations and volatility in climate conditions increase risks for new diplomatic conflicts and militarization of ongoing issues and that climate change acts as a trigger for revisionist states.

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