scholarly journals Overview of methods in Oil spill technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
Megha Singh ◽  
Aashirwad Bharti ◽  
Jagadeeshwar Kodavaty
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Covalent Bonding ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Polymer Molecules ◽  
Entangled Polymer

Abstract Over the decades oil spills have been the biggest threat to the aquatic life and to a nation’s economy. Many methods were suggested in the literature to remove the oil that is present on the surface of sea water after the spill. Hydrogel formation is one of the best technique that could be adopted to handle oil spills. Since the oil spill is a oil and water emulsion, formation of hydrogels with these emulsions could lead to the recovery of oil. The formation of hydrogels can be either physically crosslinking the polymer molecules or covalent bonding among the entangled polymer molecules. The methods of making the hydrogels conceivable to acquire surface hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. Hydrogel technology could be more cost effective and efficient in recovering the oil from the spill, eco-friendly and easy to use. It is proposed that the hydrogels could be potential candidates for handling the oil spills. The methods described in this review explains the various hydrogels that could be utilized for oil spill recovery.

OIL SPILL CLEANUP WITH DISPERSANTS: A BOOMED OIL SPILL EXPERIMENT

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Joseph Buckley ◽  
David Green ◽  
Blair Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Vertical Density ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT Three experimental oil spills of 200, 400, and 200 litres (l) were conducted in October, 1978, in a semiprotected coastal area on Canada's west coast. The surface slicks were restrained with a Bennett inshore oil boom. The spilled oil was chemically dispersed using Corexit 9527, applied as a 10-percent solution in sea water and sprayed from a boat. The dispersed oil was monitored fluorometrically for some hours. Surface and dispersed oil were sampled for chemical analysis. The highest recorded concentration of dispersed oil was 1 part per million (ppm). After a short time (30 minutes), concentrations around 0.05 ppm were normal, decreasing to background within 5 hours. The concentrations were low compared to those expected for complete dispersion which, as visual observation confirmed, was not achieved. The dispersed oil did not mix deeper into the water column with the passage of time, in contrast to predicted behaviour and in spite of the lack of a significant vertical density gradient in the sea water. This was attributed to the buoyancy of the dispersed oil droplets and the limited vertical turbulence in the coastal locale of the experiment. The integrated quantity of oil in the water column decreased more rapidly than either the mean oil concentration of the cloud or the maximum concentration indicating that some of the dispersed oil was rising back to the surface. The surfacing of dispersed oil was confirmed visually during the experiment. The mixing action of the spray boat and breaker boards apparently created large oil droplets that did not form a stable dispersion. Horizontal diffusion of the dispersed oil was initially more rapid than expected, but the rate of spreading did not increase with time as predicted. The results imply that the scale of diffusion was larger than the scale of turbulence which again can be attributed to the locale of the experiment.

DEVELOPMENT OF ABSORBENT TECHNOLOGY FOR OIL SPILL RECOVERY AND CLEANUP IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017-076
Author(s):  
Changwoo Nam ◽  
Houxiang Li ◽  
T.C. Mike Chung
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fast Kinetics ◽  
Refined Oil ◽  
New Class ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT 2017-076 In this paper, we discuss a new class of i-PetroGel oil-superabsorbent technology that has shown a potential solution to the oil spill recovery and cleanup in arctic environments, based on the laboratory tests at Penn State and an open tank test at Ohmsett. This i-PetroGel material is formed by polyolefin polymers that are petroleum downstream products with similar oleophilic and hydrophobic properties of oil molecules. Apart from many oil sorbents based on adsorption, i-PetroGel absorbs oil by absorption (similar to Hydrogel absorbing aqueous solutions) and swells to a large volume. During Ohmsett testing, i-PetroGel flakes spread on top of the affected area showed effective transformation of Alaska North Slope (ANS) oil into a floating gel on the seawater surface, which was effectively recovered by an oleophilic drum skimmer and pumped to a storage tank. The recovered ANS oil-swelled adducts, containing <0.1 wt% water, exhibit similar distillation characteristics as the original ANS oil. Overall, this i-PetroGel technology could potentially provide a comprehensive solution for combating oil spills, with the goal to dramatically reduce the environmental impacts from oil spills and help recover one of the most precious natural resources. i-PetroGel exhibits a combination of desirable properties. ✓ High oil absorption capacity about 35–40 times by weight at 3 and 25 °C. ✓ Suitable to a broad range of hydrocarbons, including complex crude oils, refined oil products (gasolines, diesels, heating oils, etc.), and solvents (toluene, benzene, etc.). ✓ Fast kinetics in capturing the spilled oil. ✓ No detectable water absorption in i-PetroGel. ✓ The resulting oil/i-PetroGel adducts floating on water surface are recovered by skimmer. ✓ The recovered oil/i-Petrogel adducts can be refined as crude oil through standard refining processes. ✓ Cost effective. ✓ No secondary pollution.

scholarly journals A PROPOSED RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR WASHINGTON STATE1

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Geselbracht ◽  
Jonathan Rubin ◽  
Thomas M. Leschine
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Natural Resource Damage Assessment ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Assessment Procedures

ABSTRACT A state legislature sponsored study of Washington's oil spill damage assessment programs has revealed a number of problems. Studies designed to assess damages following major marine oil spills have not always been cost-effective and appropriate, state oil spill response activities have been difficult to fund, agencies have had difficulties spending damage recoveries in accordance with state law, and laws and regulations provide inadequate guidance on how to monetize resource damages identified. In addition, state agencies lack an alternative to field-based studies for compensation recovery in situations where damages are for all intents and purposes unquantifiable. An examination of CERCLA-based natural resource damage assessment procedures, the civil penalties in lieu of damages system employed by the State of Alaska, and other damage assessment practices had led to a recommendation for substantial changes in state marine resource damage assessment procedures. The recommended approach emphasizes the use of CERCLA-like preassessment screening to guide decisions about whether to quantify damages through field studies or to charge civil penalties in lieu of damages, as done in Alaska. In addition, emphasis is placed on direct negotiations with the responsible party to identify restoration/enhancement projects as alternatives to paying damages, and on developing capabilities to manage recovered damages and assessment costs through a new revolving fund.

scholarly journals Culture of Bacterium Bacillus subtilis as Degradation Agent in Attempt of Sea Water Remediation Contaminated By Petroleum

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Setyo Purnomo ◽  
Hamdan Dwi Rizqi ◽  
Lia Harmelia
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Simulated Seawater

Crude oil spills pose a serious threat to the marine environment. This is due to crude oil, in large part, is composed of aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic hydrocarbons which are toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic to the marine life. However, the degradation of crude oil spills with bacteria in simulated seawater media is rarely reported. In this study, oil spill in the seawater, especially petroleum, had been successfully degraded by bacterium culture Bacillus subtilis in simulated seawater under 7 and 14 days incubation.  Simulated seawater had synthesized based on ASTM D1141-98 for Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water. The petroleum recovery was analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.  In this research, the optimum recovery value of crude oil degradation by the bacterial culture obtained by octadecadienoic acid compound gave a percentage recovery of 8.20% and 8.87% after 7 and 14 days of incubation, respectively. This result indicated that the B. subtilis culture has the ability to degrade crude oil spill in simulated sea water.

scholarly journals Reflection-coefficient experimental extraction from S21- parameter for radar oil-spill detection application

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Hammoud 1,2 ◽  
Fabien Ndagijimana 2 ◽  
Ghaleb Faour 3 ◽  
Hussam Ayad 1 ◽  
Majida Fadlallah 1 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Oil Spill Detection ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Maritime Environment

Oil spill in sea water is one of the main accidents that affect significantly the maritime environment over a long period of time. Knowing the severe influence of oil spills on the ecosystem, it is crucial to have oil spill detecting and monitoring systems for quick intervention and danger containment. In our project, we propose the usage of drones as an oil spill detection system. The drones will be implementing different previously developed multi-frequency approaches for the detection. The effectiveness of such techniques is based on the accuracy of the data collected and their match to the theory. This journal presents a method for the remote extraction of reflection coefficients from multilayer structure modeling an oil spill in sea water. The experimental results for the reflectivity extraction validate the theoretical calculations and allow the implementation of different algorithms based on the statistical information taken directly from the site.

scholarly journals Coir Pith – A Medium for Oil Absorption

CORD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Anita Das Ravindranath
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Coir Pith ◽  
Oil Adsorption

Coir pith, the byproduct of coconut husk, due to its abundance nature and its porous structure can be effectively used for oil adsorption. Modification of coir pith to make as hydrophobic may allow them to be used for oil adsorption. Oil spills can destroy marine aquatic life and have a great impact on environment. In this study coir pith have been treated enzymatically (Lipase, Protease & Glucanase) and chemically (Acetylation) to impart hydrophobicity and to enhance oil adsorption capacity. The coir pith samples were characterized periodically by FTIR, SEM. The extent of acetylation was evaluated by weight percent gain.The results suggests that acetylated coir pith could be beneficial in oil adsorption and potentially provide a low cost environmentally friend adsorbent for oil spill.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE COSTS OF OIL SPILL CLEANUP TECHNIQUES1

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Moller ◽  
H. D. Parker ◽  
J. A. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
Pollution Spill ◽  
Oil Type ◽  
Mechanical Recovery

ABSTRACT This paper examines the costs of various cleanup techniques, drawing mainly on information from recent oil spills from ships. Analyses of the costs for dispersant application and for the use of offshore mechanical recovery equipment are compared in relation to their effectiveness and scope for reducing shoreline cleanup costs and damage from oil pollution. Spill size, oil type, coastline character, and the extent of pollution all contribute to the observed differences in shoreline cleanup and disposal costs. The influence of these factors is evaluated and criteria are proposed for selecting the most appropriate cleanup response to suit the circumstancees of a particular oil spill. On occasions, a response at sea is both necessary and worthwhile, but for most spills shoreline cleanup, including protection of sensitive resources, is likely to be the most cost-effective option.

NATURAL RECOVERY: A PRACTICAL NATURAL RESOURCE RESTORATION OPTION FOLLOWING OIL SPILLS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 665-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Jahn ◽  
Gordon A. Robilliard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Active Restoration

ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the role of natural recovery in the restoration of populations, communities, and ecosystems following natural and anthropogenic disturbances, especially oil spills. Under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, options for the restoration of natural resources and services injured by oil spills range from natural recovery to aggressive methods requiring human intervention. Natural recovery is defined herein as the return of natural resources to a dynamic baseline with no active human intervention. Populations, communities, and ecosystems are a product of biological responses to a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. In an oil spill, biological communities will generally recover naturally to baseline conditions about as quickly and effectively as they will with active human interventions, and at a lower cost and lower commitment of people, equipment, and materials. Therefore, natural recovery should be considered a primary restoration alternative for each oil spill incident. Natural recovery should also be the standard or benchmark restoration alternative against which all active restoration alternatives are compared for cost-effectiveness and probable success in restoring natural resources and services. We conclude that natural recovery is a cost-effective, efficient process that, in most oil spills, restores natural resources to baseline about as quickly as would the most aggressive active restoration alternative.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AVAILABILITY OF APPROPRIATE RESTORATION PROJECTS AND INJURY ASSESSMENT

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1171-1174
Author(s):  
John Kern ◽  
Lisa Dipinto ◽  
John Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Restoration Planning ◽  
Natural Resource Damage Assessment ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) process under the Oil Pollution Act regulations is restoration-focused. In order to proceed with a NRDA after Preassessment Phase activities are completed, the natural resource trustees must determine that feasible restoration actions are available to address the potential injuries resulting from the discharge of oil. If this determination is made, the trustees can move forward and conduct injury assessment and injury quantification as part of the Restoration Planning Phase. The availability of appropriate restoration alternatives for natural resources can have a profound effect on the nature of both injury assessment and injury quantification that is necessary for a particular oil spill. This paper examines that relationship, using some examples from settled oil spill NRDA cases to illustrate how the availability of appropriate and cost-effective restoration alternatives can reduce the overall cost of a NRDA and the length of time necessary to reach an appropriate settlement. The type of restoration and the degree to which it is scaleable can also influence both cost and time to reach settlement. It also discusses some of the factors that are important in determining to what degree restoration opportunities influence the injury assessment and quantification process for oil spills, including geographic location, previous experience with similar spills, and the degree of cooperation that exists between the trustees and the responsible party.

scholarly journals Net environmental benefit analysis — a tool of decision-making at oil spill response

2017 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
G.N. Semanov ◽  
◽  
A.N. Gutnik ◽  
S.N. Zatsepa ◽  
A.A. Ivchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mechanical Recovery

Development of oilfields started in Arctic requires adequate response preparedness to potential oil spills. Mechanical recovery due to specific conditions of Arctic has a lot of limitation in application and cannot prevent pollution of Special protected areas (SPA). It is necessary to consider application of dispersants and in situ burning (ISB). Oil spill dispersants are mixtures of nontoxic surface active agents in organic solvent, specifically formulated to enhance the natural dispersion of oil into the sea water column thus enhancing the biodegradation processes. Dispersed oil is practically non adhesive to feather of birds and hair of mammals. The treatment of oil with dispersants requires a cautious strategy in making decisions. It can be achieved by usage of special tool –Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) procedures. The decision of dispersants application should be based on the following comparison: “What would be the impact of the pollution when treated with dispersant and when non treated with dispersant?” The NEBA should consider the behaviour of the treated non-treated oil, assess consequently the different resources which will be concerned either by the treated oil or by the surface film oil, assess the sensitivity of the different resources at concern towards the dispersed oil and toward the floating oil film. These analyses assist decision makers when considering whether or not the use of dispersants is appropriate to minimize the environmental/economic damage. This article describes the experience of NEBA application to substantiate decisions how to respond to potential oil spills at the sites on Aniva bay of Sakhalin-2 project at different oil spills scenarios. It was used incremental approach to choose them. Based on sensitivity maps, information about level of impact dispersed and floating oil on bioresources and results of mathematical modelling efficacy of different response methods application: monitoring (no actions to recover spilt oil), mechanical recovery and mechanical recovery together with dispersants application it was shown that SPA can be protected from pollution in most scenarios only in case of dispersants application. Amount of oil stranded on shore in case of application of response method was used as criteria of efficacy of method application level of damage.

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