scholarly journals Scanning ion-conductance microscope with modulation of the sample position along the Z-coordinate and separate Z-axial and lateral (X, Y) scanning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
M V Zhukov ◽  
S Yu Lukashenko ◽  
I D Sapozhnikov ◽  
M L Felshtyn ◽  
O M Gorbenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Surface ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Ion Conductance ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Safe Approach

Abstract Scanning ion-conductance microscope with independent piezoscanners in the lateral scanning plane XY and Z axis was designed and tested. For precise, fast and safe approach of the nanopipette to the sample surface, a coarse approach system based on a piezoinertial mover was used. Measurements of test periodic polymer structures were carried out using nanopipettes with an inner pipette diameter of about 100-150 nm. The optimal geometric parameters of the nanopipette were found and the resolution of the method was estimated. To increase the stability and reproducibility of SICM images, the Z-modulation of the position of the substrate with the sample was realized using a bimorph piezomembrane.

Effect of Geometric Parameters of New Semisubmersible Platform on Stability and Hydrodynamic Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianying Wang ◽  
Yanjun Zhou ◽  
Honglin Tang ◽  
Shihua Zhang ◽  
Haiqing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Floating Bodies ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
New Type ◽  
Design Plan ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Shape Characteristics

Abstract The JCSM concept (short for Jackup Combined Semisubmersible Multifunction Platform) is a new type of semisubmersible platform presented by the first author, which overcomes the shortcomings of the available semisubmersible platforms, and combines the advantages of the traditional semisubmersible platform, the Jackup platform and the new FPSO concept - IQFP. Due to the complicated interaction between stability and hydrodynamic performance, it is necessary to explore the effect of geometrical parameters of the main body on the stability and hydrodynamic performance in order to obtain the optimal design plan of a JCSM platform. Firstly, the structure components and innovations of the JCSM were briefly reviewed in order to facilitate readers to understand its full picture. Then, six independent geometric parameters were selected by carefully studying the shape characteristics of the initial design plan of a JCSM study case. Furthermore, the stability heights and motion responses of various floating bodies of the JCSM case with different geometric parameters in wave were calculated using boundary element method based on potential flow theory. Lastly, effect of the shape parameters on stability and hydrodynamic performance of the JCSM was qualitatively evaluated. The research would shed lights on the shape design of the JCSM main body.

Development of a Combined Scanning Ion-Conductance and Nearfield Optical Microscope to Image Living Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 976-977
Author(s):  
M. Raval ◽  
D. Klenerman ◽  
T. Rayment ◽  
Y. Korchev ◽  
M. Lab
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Ion Conductance ◽  
Simultaneous Generation ◽  
Simple Arrangement ◽  
Wavelength Resolution ◽  
Sub Wavelength

It is important to be able to image biological samples in a manner that is non-invasive and allows the sample to retain its functionality during imaging.A member of the SPM (scanning probe microscopy) family, SNOM (scanning near-field optical microscopy), has emerged as a technique that allows optical and topographic imaging of biological samples whilst satisfying the above stated criteria. The basic operating principle of SNOM is as follows. Light is coupled down a fibre-optic probe with an output aperture of sub-wavelength dimensions. The probe is then scanned over the sample surface from a distance that is approximately equal to the size of its aperture. By this apparently simple arrangement, the diffraction limit posed by conventional optical microscopy is overcome and simultaneous generation of optical and topographic images of sub-wavelength resolution is made possible. Spatial resolution values of lOOnm in air and 60nm in liquid[1,2] are achievable with SNOM.

scholarly journals ELASTO-KINEMATIC COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF SUSPENSION WITH FLEXIBLE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Vrána ◽  
Josef Bradáč ◽  
Jan Kovanda
Keyword(s):  
Multibody System ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Helical Springs ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Camber Angle ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flexible Models

This paper analyzes the impact of flexibility of individual supporting elements of independent suspension on its elasto-kinematic characteristics. The toe and camber angle are the geometric parameters of the suspension, which waveforms and their changes under the action of vertical, longitudinal and transverse forces affect the stability of the vehicle. To study these dependencies, the computational multibody system (MBS) model of axle suspension in the system HyperWorks is created. There are implemented Finite-Element-Method (FEM) models reflecting the flexibility of the main supporting elements. These are subframe, the longitudinal arms, transverse arms and knuckle. Flexible models are developed using Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) by Craig-Bampton. The model further comprises force elements, such as helical springs, shock absorbers with a stop of the wheel and the anti-roll bar. Rubber-metal bushings are modeled flexibly, using nonlinear deformation characteristics. Simulation results are validated by experimental measurements of geometric parameters of real suspension.

The scanning ion conductance microscope for cellular physiology

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (1) ◽  
pp. H1-H11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max J. Lab ◽  
Anamika Bhargava ◽  
Peter T. Wright ◽  
Julia Gorelik
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Piezo Actuator ◽  
Ion Conductance ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Pipette Tip ◽  
Near Future

The quest for nonoptical imaging methods that can surmount light diffraction limits resulted in the development of scanning probe microscopes. However, most of the existing methods are not quite suitable for studying biological samples. The scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) bridges the gap between the resolution capabilities of atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope and functional capabilities of conventional light microscope. A nanopipette mounted on a three-axis piezo-actuator, scans a sample of interest and ion current is measured between the pipette tip and the sample. The feedback control system always keeps a certain distance between the sample and the pipette so the pipette never touches the sample. At the same time pipette movement is recorded and this generates a three-dimensional topographical image of the sample surface. SICM represents an alternative to conventional high-resolution microscopy, especially in imaging topography of live biological samples. In addition, the nanopipette probe provides a host of added modalities, for example using the same pipette and feedback control for efficient approach and seal with the cell membrane for ion channel recording. SICM can be combined in one instrument with optical and fluorescent methods and allows drawing structure-function correlations. It can also be used for precise mechanical force measurements as well as vehicle to apply pressure with precision. This can be done on living cells and tissues for prolonged periods of time without them loosing viability. The SICM is a multifunctional instrument, and it is maturing rapidly and will open even more possibilities in the near future.

Nanomechanical Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-272
Author(s):  
C. Julian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Height ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Soft Material ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Tunneling Barrier ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Small Force ◽  
The Stability

This chapter discusses the effect of force and deformation of the tip apex and the sample surface in the operation and imaging mechanism of STM and AFM. Because the contact area is of atomic dimension, a very small force and deformation would generate a large measurable effect. Three effects are discussed. First is the stability of the STM junction, which depends on the rigidity of the material. For soft materials, hysterisis is more likely. For rigid materials, the approaching and retraction cycles are continuous and reproducible. Second is the effect of force and deformation to the STM imaging mechanism. For soft material such as graphite, force and deformation can amplify the observed corrugation. For hard materials as most metals, force and deformation can decrease the observed corrugation. Finally, the effect of force and deformation on tunneling barrier height measurements is discussed.

Optimization of First Mode Sensitivity of V-Shaped AFM Cantilever Using Genetic Algorithm Method

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Moeini ◽  
M. H. Kahrobaiyan ◽  
M. Rahaeifard ◽  
M. T. Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Contact Stiffness ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Genetic Algorithm Method ◽  
Normal Contact Stiffness ◽  
Afm Cantilever ◽  
Micro Cantilever

Atomic force microscopes (AFM) are widely used for feature detection and scanning surface topography of different materials. Contrast of topography images is significantly influenced by the sensitivity of AFM micro cantilever which means enhancement of sensitivity leads to increase of topography images resolution So, in the last years numerous scientists interested in studying the effects of different parameters such as geometric one on the sensitivity of AFM micro cantilevers. V-shape micro cantilever types of AFMs probe are widely used to scan various types of surfaces. In V-shape micro cantilevers, there are many geometric and design parameters which influence the flexural sensitivity of the micro beam, noticeably. In this paper evaluation of optimum geometric parameters and optimum cantilever slope is considered as a significant purpose in order to obtain maximum flexural sensitivity by using genetic algorithm optimization method. In the calculations, the normal and lateral interaction forces between AFM tip and sample surface is considered and modeled by linear springs which represent the contact stiffness of the sample surface. Also, a relation for flexural sensitivity of AFM cantilever as a function of geometric parameters and cantilever slope is derived which is used in optimization step by employing a genetic algorithm program. Using genetic algorithm method, the optimum geometric parameters and cantilever slope are calculated which maximize the flexural sensitivity of the first mode of a V-shape cantilever for various values of normal contact stiffness. These optimum parameters versus normal contact stiffness are presented in some result figures. The results show that for any contact stiffness, there are a cantilever slope and a set of geometrical parameters which provide the maximum sensitivity for AFM probe. Adopting these parameters for the design of V-shape micro cantilever according to the sample contact stiffness, maximum flexural sensitivity can be obtained, so that high contrast images are reachable.

The New Method about Calculating Geometric Parameters of Hypoid Gear

2014 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin Wang ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Iterative Solution ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
New Method ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Solving Equations ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, it introduces a new method about calculating geometric parameters of hypoidgear. After changing the geometric parameter calculation method made by Gleason company, we can expand 16 solving equations to 20 equations, through establishing three layers of iterative solution conceptions and applying the optimal computation of modern design theory to solve all the geometric parameters, which not only solve the problem about the Gleason method without considering the changing parameters, but also improve the accuracy of the parameters and the stability of the iterative process. Finally, these also lay a foundation for the parametric design of hypoid gear.

scholarly journals Атомный состав и морфология тонких пленок ресвератрола на поверхности окисленного кремния и поликристаллического золота

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
А.С. Комолов ◽  
Э.Ф. Лазнева ◽  
Н.Б. Герасимова ◽  
В.С. Соболев ◽  
Ю.А. Панина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Area ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Substrate Surfaces

AbstractThe atomic composition of films of a polyphenol antioxidant, namely, resveratrol (RVL), with a thickness of up to 50 nm thermally deposited on an oxidized silicon surface is studied by the method of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the surface area of pores in the RVL film is about 15% of the total surface area. The results of studying the stability of the RVL films when their surface is treated with Ar^+ ions of 3 keV under the electric current of 1 μA passing through the sample for 30 s are given. The treatment gives rise to an increase in the area of pores to 30–40%, while the ratio of the concentration of C atoms to the concentration of O atoms in the RVL film both before and after the treatment of the surface with ions does not correspond to the chemical formula of RVL molecules. Using the method of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in contact mode with a scanning area size of about 10 × 10 μm, RVL coatings deposited on the oxidized silicon and polycrystalline Au surfaces are studied. It is found that the RVL films produce grainy and porous coatings on the substrate surfaces. The typical size of grains in the sample surface plane is 150–300 nm, and the characteristic elevation reaches 30 nm.

scholarly journals SHINING 3D EINSCAN-PRO, APPLICATION AND VALIDATION IN THE FIELD OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, FROM THE CHILLIDA-LEKU MUSEUM TO THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF SARNO

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W18 ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morena ◽  
S. Barba ◽  
A. Álvaro-Tordesillas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Dem Analysis ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Planar Measurement

Abstract. The following contribution focuses on the low-cost Shining 3D EinScan-Pro scanner, above all the analysis of its precision and accuracy. The need to prove the functioning of this instrumentation in practical cases (the sculptures by Eduardo Chillida preserved in the Chillida-Leku Museum and along with some artefacts collected in the Archaeological Museum of Sarno), has led to the comparison and validation of the instrument through a methodology necessarily diversified from the guideline VDI/VDE 2634, part 2 and part 3, characteristics to the test the optical 3D measuring systems with planar measurement, which works according to the triangulation principle. In particular, two types of comparisons were made: geometric-formal and metric-dimensional. The first type of analysis was carried out analysing the geometric parameters of the models, suitable for validating the information: dimensional (difference between some main measurements); superficial (total mesh extension) and of the form (that is, the discrepancies returned through a DEM analysis). The second type of analysis, instead, of the metric type, was carried out. The complete results of the various analyses will be presented and critically discussed within this contribution in order to prove the stability and the metric quality of this hand-held EinScan-Pro, following the comparison with medium-high end systems now well established in the field of cultural heritage survey.

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