scholarly journals The effect of Soil properties on the Biological Diversity of Fungi in Soil University of Anbar.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
Wijdan Ahmed Ali ◽  
Rahaf Haineed Hussein ◽  
Wafaa Tali Radef
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Physical Chemical

Abstract Microorganisms are a varied collection of organisms that make up around 60% of the earth’s biomass. The ratio of fungal to plant species is estimated to be around 6 to 1. In order to extrapolate worldwide estimates of 1.5 million fungal species, this ratio is utilized. Because of the activity of soil organisms, soils are very complex systems with numerous components performing many roles. Soil microflora is essential for assessing soil conditions and encouraging plant development. Microorganisms are helpful in enhancing soil fertility because they participate in a variety of biochemical transformation and mineralization processes in soils. Organic matter in the soil that impacts the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil and serves as a complementary medium for biological processes and life support in the soil environment. Microbes have a very significant role in biodiversity. Organic matter in the soil that influences its physical, chemical, and biological properties and acts as a complimentary medium for biological activities and life support in the soil environment. Microbes play an important part in biodiversity. The study demonstrated the importance of pH and soil texture on the variety of soil fungus species. Three clones were grown on PDA at 28 C° (7 clays) as Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp.

STUDIES ON STEAM STERILIZATION OF SOILS: I. SOME EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

1947 ◽  
Vol 25c (6) ◽  
pp. 189-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Malowany ◽  
J. D. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soluble Sulphate

Effects of steam sterilization and recontamination with original soil, on certain physical, chemical, and biological properties of four Alberta soils were investigated. The soils were Edmonton black loam, Vegreville black fine sandy loam, Gros Ventre brown loam, and Fallis gray silt loam. Certain physical properties were affected by steam sterilization as follows: (1) capillary rise of moisture was greatly retarded in all four soils following sterilization; (2) the percentages of the different separates as determined by ordinary mechanical analysis were not changed significantly by sterilization; (3) water-holding capacity and moisture content at the 'sticky point' were slightly reduced, and, in three of the soils, shrinkage was slightly increased by sterilization, but these effects were of uncertain significance; (4) the pH values of these soils were not changed appreciably by sterilization. The following chemical changes were produced by steam sterilization: (1) water-soluble phosphate was generally greatly increased and water soluble sulphate somewhat increased by sterilization. Easily soluble phosphorus (soluble at pH 3) was increased by about one-third in the two black soils rich in organic matter, but not in the other soils; (2) ammonia accumulated rapidly in the sterilized recontaminated black and brown soils for four to six weeks, and then returned to normal in 8 to 12 weeks. Ammonia accumulated less rapidly and to a smaller degree in the gray soil; (3) nitrification was suppressed for about 6 to 10 weeks in the sterilized recontaminated soils, but was later more active in these soils than in the unsterilized (especially in the black soils rich in organic matter).

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Combinations of Composting and Testing of Soil Physical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tej Kumar Nepal ◽  
Ugyen Dorji ◽  
Yeshi Nidup ◽  
Chencho Wangdi ◽  
Kelzang Tshering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Aerobic Process ◽  
Potato Peels

During composting process, soils undergo many changes in their physical, chemical and biological properties. Composting has been widely known as an aerobic process during which organic matter is decomposed to humus like substances broken into many organic materials or compounds. The project aims to compare and analyze different combination of composting that yield different properties and nature of soils, and testing their soil physical properties. Dug three compost pits each 1.5 m in depth, labeled compost pit A consisting of potato peels – the only kitchen waste most common around the college hostels, compost pit B consisting of leaf litter and other garden trimmings and compost pit C consisting of cow dung and the other as a controlled experiment with no composting practices.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS PUUK KANDANG SAPI TERHADAP PERBAIKAN BEBERAPA SIFAT FISIK, KIMIA DAN BIOLOGI TANAH PADA KONDISI JENUH AIR DAN KAPSITAS LAPANG

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Julio Correia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Physical Chemical

       Soils are the main media for the growth of crops, the low yield of crops is always related to soil physical, chemical and biological soil conditions. Cattle manure is an organic fertilizer known well before chemical fertilizer. Many types of research on the use of cattle manure to ameliorate physical, chemical and biological soil properties have been conducted, but the optimum rates of cattle manure especially on sandy soil have never been found. This fact may be caused by leaching of organic materials and nutrients to deeper soil layer unreachable by roots. An experiment was conducted in a plastic house using sandy soils from the district of Kubu, Karangasem regency, with the objectives of studying the effects of rates of cattle manure on physical, chemical and biological properties f soils and the effects of inundated and water field capacity of soils on leaching of nutrients in the soils. The experiment was conducted from June until August 2010. The design used was a split-plot design consisted of four rates of cattle manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1) as main plots and two water status of soils (inundated and water capacity) as subplots, with three replications. The results of the experiment indicated that cattle manure is able to ameliorate some of the soil physical properties as bulk densities (g cm-3), soil water status (%), soil permeability (cm hour-1) and total soil pores (%), and increased soil pH, C-organic content (%), C/N ratio, NPK and biological properties of soils of low nutrients status of sandy loam brown regosol soils derived from Vulcan intermediary. The results of the experiment also indicated the occurrence of leaching of organic materials and NPK nutrients to 20-40 cm layer. Based on the experiment results it is to suggest to the farmers that the use of cattle manure should be combined with synthetic chemical fertilizer in several applications during growth periods, but this required further researches.

Soils

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley W. Buol
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Primary Minerals

Soil is a physical, chemical, and biological medium at the upper surface of Earth’s land areas capable of accepting plant roots and thereby enabling plants to extend their photosynthetic tissues upward and intercept radiant energy from the sun. Each day, chemical and biological activities in soil change in response to temperature and moisture dynamics. Each soil has a range of physical, chemical, and biological properties determined by inherited mineral composition and biogeochemical processes existing in a quasi-steady state of flux. Most primary minerals in soil formed in geologic environments of high temperature and pressure. When exposed to lower temperatures and pressures, meteoric water, and organic compounds near Earth’s surface, primary minerals slowly decompose in response to weathering processes. As primary minerals weather, some elements necessary for plant growth are released as inorganic ions, some reassemble to form secondary silicate and oxide clay minerals, and some elements are lost via dissolution and leaching. After prolonged or intense weathering, few minerals containing elements necessary for plant growth remain. Weathering most often occurs in or slightly below the soil but may not be entirely related to the present soil. Material from which a present soil is formed may have been weathered in a soil environment, and eroded and deposited many times before coming to rest in its present location. Such materials are often almost devoid of nutrient- bearing minerals, and the soils formed provide scant amounts of the elements essential for plant growth. In contrast, minerals exposed to a soil environment for the first time on rapidly eroding slopes, fluvial deposits, or as volcanic ejecta succumb more rapidly to weathering and release essential elements in forms needed by plants. Plants ingest inorganic ions and water from the soil through their roots and combine them with carbon secured as carbon dioxide from the air, and with hydrogen and oxygen from water to form organic tissues. Organic residues are added to the soil as various plant parts, insects, and animals die. Microorganisms in and above the soil then decompose the organic residues, carbon returns to the air as carbon dioxide, and essential elements contained in the organic compounds are released as inorganic ions within the soil.

The role of the structure to provide biogeocenotic soil functions

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Structural State ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms

There is a presentation of analysis of the structural state role in the manifestation of biogeocenotic soil functions, which are due to their physical, chemical and biochemical, physical-chemical, information, integrity properties. The main role in the formation of the structure of living space manifests itself in existence, due to the presence in soil aggregates of different sizes and structures, of numerous and diverse ecological niches for soil organisms. The participation of structure in providing housing and shelter is evident in its impact on the majority of soil conditions. The role of the structure in the manifestation of the support is associated with fixing function in plants through the soil root system, as well as with structural features of the surface soil, which is used by animals when moving. The participate of structure in preservation of plant seeds, eggs and larvae of animal is due to the formation of aggregated soil optimal living conditions for living organisms. The structure plays an important role in realization of the soil nutrients and source connections, as plants are able to obtain only minerals in dissolved form and the optimal conditions for this can provide only soil with qualitative waterproof structure. The structure also participates in the formation of a depot of nutrients, energy and moisture, most of which are found in soil and aggregates that can be made available to living organisms after their destruction. The role of the of structure in providing stimulator function and inhibitor of biochemical processes is evident in the formation of a kind of the medium through which the interaction of the root systems of plants, as well as providing conditions for humification and mineralization of soil organic matter. The influence of the structure on the sorption of particulate material coming from the atmosphere is evident in its involvement in the formation of structural units of the soil. The role of the structure in the sorption of fine soil microorganisms living in the soil is due to the fact that this process is largely determined by the shape of aggregates, mineral composition and organic matter, which are included in their composition. The features of the structure to provide a signal function to the seasonal biological processes are related to the determining the influence of the aggregate composition of the soil at its thermal regime, which mainly depends on all biological processes in the soil. The role of the structure in the regulation of number and composition of the ecological community is due to the existence of the relationship between aggregate soil composition and characteristics of ecological community that exists on it. Participation in the launch of some of the structures of succession occurs mainly at the sharp deterioration of the structural state of the soil, which may be associated with the processes of water and wind erosion. The role of the structure to provide a «memory» of biogeocoenosis is explained by quite stable structural state of the natural ecosystems of the soil in the absence of catastrophic processes, which is able to store information about the features of the state of other components of biogeocoenosis. Participation of the structure in the transformation of matter and energy entering biogeocoenosis is due to the constant transformation of minerals, grain size elements, organic matter and other constituent parts of the soil in the process of aggregation. The role of the structure in the display of the sanitary function is due to the fact that there is a degradation of organic residues and metabolic products of living organisms in the soil, its antiseptic properties is best evident only in well-structured soil. The value of the structure in the function of the protective screen and buffer biogeocenotic screen provision is most fully shown in the soils of natural ecosystems with a favorable and stable structural state, due to which ecosystems are protected from mechanical destruction under the influence of various factors – water, wind, gravity force. Despite the cited aspects of the role of structure manifestation in providing biogeocenotic soil functions there is a need for further detailed research in this area.

scholarly journals SITEM PERSIAPAN LAHAN DAN PEMBERIAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA BUDIDAYA JAGUNG DI LAHAN KERING

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ridwan Ridwan ◽  
Yulinar Zubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Strip Tillage

Land preparation and organic matter application was chosen as an alternative to improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in increasing yield of maize. The field experiment was conducted in Koto Baru Simalanggang, Lima Puluh Kota Regency,  West Sumatra, in the dry season 2007.  The treatments consist of three types of land preparation ( no tillage, direct composting in the area, and strip tillage)  and two levels of organic matter application  ( 0 and 2 t/ha). Objectives of the experiment were to observe the effect of land preparation methods and organic matter application on growth and yield of maize in the upland area. Results of the experiment showed that, land preparation types did not give significant effect on all parameter  observed. Application of organic matter 2 t/ha had increased cob length, number of seed per row, and yield of maize.  Maize yield was about 6.07 t/ha without and 6.85 t/ha with organic matter application.  Key Words   : Land preparation System, Organic  Matter Application,  Maize , Upland Area.

scholarly journals Lamiaceae Essential Oils, Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Biological Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Luiz Renan Ramos da Silva ◽  
Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Jorddy Nevez Cruz ◽  
Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco ◽  
Tainá Oliveira dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Medicinal and aromatic plants present important active compounds that have potential for use in food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture industries. In this sense, the present work aimed to conduct a literature review on the potential applications of essential oils from Lamiaceae species. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The importance of this study is demonstrated as a way to theoretically provide information on the use of different plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, especially with regard to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of its essential oils.

Diverse chemical and biological potentials of various pyridazine and pyridazinone derivatives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Chemical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pyridazinone Derivatives

A series of heterocyclic compounds incorporating pyridazine moiety were for diverse biological activities. Pyridazines and pyridazinones derivatives showed wide spectrum of biological activities such as vasodialator, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-feedant, herbicidal, and various other biological, agrochemical and industrial chemical activities. The results illustrated that the synthesized pyridazine/pyridazine compounds have diverse and significant biological activities. Mechanistic insights into the biological properties of pyridazinone derivatives and various synthetic techniques used for their synthesis are also described.

Subfossil insect remains (Chironomidae) and lake-water temperature inference in the Sisimiut–Kangerlussuaq region, southern West Greenland

2000 ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Peter Brodersen ◽  
N. John Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Temperature Inference

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Brodersen, K. P., & Anderson, N. J. (2000). Subfossil insect remains (Chironomidae) and lake-water temperature inference in the Sisimiut–Kangerlussuaq region, southern West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 186, 78-82. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v186.5219 _______________ Climate and water temperature have an important influence on the functioning of lake ecosystems. From limnological and palaeolimnological studies of lakes, information on biological diversity and climate variability in time and space can be gleaned from physical, chemical and biological indicators preserved in the lake sediments. The lakes in southern West Greenland are particularly useful for this purpose – they are numerous, diverse and have minimal anthropogenic impact (Anderson & Bennike 1997). Palaeolimnological data are fundamental for understanding the functioning and development of modern lakes and for understanding the causes of climatic change as well as the effect on lake biota.

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