scholarly journals Inequality of household consumption and PM2.5 footprint across socioeconomic groups in China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Zhu ◽  
Guangwu Chen ◽  
Lixiao Xu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Urban Resident ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pm2.5 Emissions

Abstract The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals have highlighted the challenge posed by increasing air pollution. This study allocates PM2.5 footprint to household consumption expenditure based on multi-regional input-output model and survey data collected from 30 thousand households. The household indirect PM2.5 footprint related to spending on food, hospital, electricity, and education rank as the top four items, plus direct PM2.5 emissions, which in combination contribute more than 55% of total air pollution. Compared with the poor, the responsibilities for air pollution on the wealthy are more sensitive to changes in income, especially for high-end consumption categories, such as luxury goods and services, education and healthcare. Further, the wealthiest 20% of households cause 1.5 times PM2.5 footprint per capita than exposure to PM2.5 emissions. The high-footprint household samples are concentrated in high-exposure areas. It is recommended that mitigation policies address inequality of PM2.5 footprint by targeting the top 20% footprint groups with tags of wealthy, urban resident, well-educated, small family, and apartment living.

Towards a sensory politics of the Anthropocene: Exploring activist-artistic approaches to politicizing air pollution

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442098160
Author(s):  
Friederike Landau ◽  
Alexandra Toland
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Environmental Communication ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

In this paper, we investigate five activist-artistic approaches to argue for a sensory politics of the Anthropocene. Our aim is to highlight the affective and speculative potentials of art by examining how artists engage with the senses to make air pollution and its political implications visible, tangible, or otherwise experiential. The paper touches on widerreaching discourses on the politics of sensing, sensible politics, and sensory studies. Rather than situating air pollution within a policy framework, such as that of the international sustainable development goals, we locate our arguments within recent scholarship on postpolitics and the Anthropocene. Despite its epistemological slipperiness, we consider the Anthropocene to be a potent heuristic as well as a rich resource of ideas, data, and collaborative and antagonistic potential for artists working on issues of air pollution. The five case studies are each grounded in an explicit engagement with at least one of the five basic senses and include works by Amy Balkin, Hanna Husberg, Zane Cerpina and Stahl Stenslie, Lingling Zhang, Kitchen Budapest and Baltan Laboratories (NL). Clustered into three lines of argumentation, we demonstrate the ways in which these works contribute to the politicization of air: first, by framing air as a contested common good that problematizes the commodification of clean air; second, by integrating artistic research and environmental communication strategies; and third, by providing sensory experiences of the complicated constellations of agency and perception in the interscalar phenomenon of air pollution. Although our analysis is not exhaustive, three particularities could be identified in the works: an openness to other forms of knowledge and communication; a potent critique of the Anthropocene; and a radical questioning of ‘the political’. In conclusion, we argue that art can mobilize a sense of urgency and empowerment towards a multi-sensory politics of the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDONESIA

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ratni Heliati ◽  
Tio Riyono
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
World Summit ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The Social ◽  
Or Economics ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
World Development

The current world development agenda led to a focus called the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There were 17 development goals that became the world’s commitment to be achieved soon. The results of the consensus in 1995 at the World Summit for Social Development stated that the development must make humans as the center of development. One of the benchmarks for human development was based on the Social Capital index. Various countries had developed the concept of social capital. So far, the capital of the OECD had become the most referenced, such as Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom, as a reference in developing indicators of social capital. This study aimed to prove Lin’s theory which stated that assets or economics were directly proportional to the development of social capital. The results showed that economic variables such as GRDP per capita were inversely proportional to social capital. Subsequently social capital was significantly influenced negatively by Indonesia’s democracy index and significantly influenced positively by population density

Effectively regulating foreign fishing to improve food security and fishery sustainability in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Ye ◽  
Kevern Cochrane ◽  
Papa Ndiaye ◽  
Mohsen Al-Husaini
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
African People ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Resource Status ◽  
Improve Food Security

Abstract Africa is the poorest continent with a burgeoning population and experiencing the most severe food insecurity and overfishing in the world. Searching for sustainable development pathways, we systematically analyzed a comprehensive dataset on fish consumption, international trade, production by local and foreign fleets, and fishery resource status available for the last 70 years. Our findings show that Africa relies on imports to supplement the lowest per capita fish consumption among continents while foreign fleets fish legally or illegally in African waters, annually landing approximately 3.3 million tonnes of fish (equivalent to 48% of the total marine catch reported by African countries) outside Africa in 2017. While restoring overfished stocks, Africa should urgently transform the regulation and use of foreign fishing to satisfy various demands for more fish for African people, better profits and social prospects for the fishery sector, and sustainable fish resources as required by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Food Waste of Italian Families: Proportion in Quantity and Monetary Value of Food Purchases

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1920
Author(s):  
Vittoria Aureli ◽  
Maria Luisa Scalvedi ◽  
Laura Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita

Halving per capita food waste (FW) is one of the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to evaluate the weight and monetary values of food waste among a sample of Italian families. In a representative sample of 1142 families, the adults responsible for food purchases and in charge of preparing meals were assessed with a self-administrated questionnaire measuring quantity and typology of FW. These data were linked with food purchases figures measured as an average of four weeks. Italian families wasted 399 kg of food per week (4.4% of the weight of food purchased), which correspond to a monetary value of €1.052 (3.8% of the overall food expenditure). Clustering the food groups according to waste quantity, typology, and monetary value made it possible to show that price has a role in the generation of food waste, as the lower the unitary cost, the higher the quantity of waste. Consequently, foods with high unitary costs were less wasted. The results of this study showed that Italian consumers are sensitive to the economic impact of waste and this should be considered in sensitization campaigns.

scholarly journals How to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the field of noncommunicable diseases by 2030, according to research in 49 countries

Public Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
N. G. Khaltaev ◽  
S. V. Axelrod
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Mortality Decline ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Diabetes Mortality ◽  
Development Goals

Goal. To analyze chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) mortality dynamics and associated efforts to reach UN sustainable development goals (SDG) in the area of NCD “by 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from NCD through prevention and treatment“.Methods. WHO statistics, based on the unified mortality and cause -of- death reports of Member-States countries along with the latest information from global WHO programmes, were used to evaluate NCD mortality trends in 49 countries in 2000, 2010 and 2016 and make comparisons and assessments of different types of community -based, country-wide interventions. Only countries with multiple years of national death registration data and high completeness and quality of cause-of-death assignments were included in the analysis. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, chronic respiratory disease (CRD) bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung cancer and diabetes mortality were analysed in 36 high income countries (HIC) and 13 middle income countries (MIC).Results. The most visible decline was achieved for bronchial asthma 54%, stroke 43% IHD 30% and COPD 29%. Lung cancer and diabetes mortality decline were not statistically significant. Prevalence of tobacco smoking gradually declined in 84% of countries, 55% of countries demonstrated declining prevalence of raised blood pressure. Obesity prevalence was increasing in all countries. CVD and CRD mortality were higher in MIC. HIC better implemented tobacco and diet reduction measures. Same concerns NCD management approach. Air pollution level was higher in MIC.Conclusions. NCD mortality decline is associated with multiple WHO global life style modifications campaigns, global coordinated prevention and control programmes for hypertension, asthma and COPD and WHO developed “best buy” approach. In order to achieve better results in lung cancer mortality together with early detection, more efforts should be concentrated on early diagnosis, strengthening tobacco cessation, clean air and diet actions. Diet and physical activities along with adequate management and patient education remain key elements to improve diabetes prognosis by the year 2030. Air pollution control could also facilitate achievement of the UN SDG 3.4.

2015 UNFCCC Paris Summit: India's Dilemma

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gaurav Shobhane ◽  
Bhaumik Jain ◽  
Gautam Anchalia ◽  
Ayush Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Climate Negotiation ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Per Capita

In December 2015, 196 countries will meet in Paris to reach a new global climate change agreement. This case looks at the climate negotiation process from the eyes of India's environment minister Mr Prakash Javadekar. In India's context, the energy sector has a big role to play in emission reduction as it is the largest emitter of the GHGs. When compared to US and China, India's per-capita emissions are miniscule but they are expected to rise substantially as the GoI is investing heavily in the infrastructure sector which has a substantial carbon footprint. The case discusses the mandatory emission cuts that India will announce considering the fulfillment of sustainable development goals. The case also points out, the government's promise of providing 24*7 electricity by 2019 which it feels can be an impediment in setting an aggressive emission cut target. The case questions if changes in the portfolio mix can be a part of the solution.

scholarly journals Inequality of household consumption and air pollution-related deaths in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Zhao ◽  
Guannan Geng ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Steven J. Davis ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Solid Fuel Combustion ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Urban Consumption

Abstract Substantial quantities of air pollution and related health impacts are ultimately attributable to household consumption. However, how consumption pattern affects air pollution impacts remains unclear. Here we show, of the 1.08 (0.74–1.42) million premature deaths due to anthropogenic PM2.5 exposure in China in 2012, 20% are related to household direct emissions through fuel use and 24% are related to household indirect emissions embodied in consumption of goods and services. Income is strongly associated with air pollution-related deaths for urban residents in which health impacts are dominated by indirect emissions. Despite a larger and wealthier urban population, the number of deaths related to rural consumption is higher than that related to urban consumption, largely due to direct emissions from solid fuel combustion in rural China. Our results provide quantitative insight to consumption-based accounting of air pollution and related deaths and may inform more effective and equitable clean air policies in China.

A national ‘safe and just operating space’ for all in India: Past, Present and Futurea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajishnu Roy ◽  
Kousik Pramanick
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Operating Space ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractWith 1.3 billion populaces on the commencement of the 21st century, India is currently impending towards upholding a subtle equilibrium between persisting social development and well-being without depleting existing biophysical resources at the national level or surpassing global average per capita obtainability. In this paper, we have structured a top-down per capita framework to explore national ‘safe and just operating space’ (NSJOS) to apprehend not only past fluctuations that bring about the present conditions but also the plausible future consequences, with India as a case study. Coalescing 27 indicators, all pertaining to Sustainable Development Goals (except – SDG 17), accompanied by their corresponding environmental boundaries or preferred social thresholds, present study probes into both biophysical (for environmental stress) and social development (for social deficit) attributes of India. This analysis shows India has already crossed three of seven dimensions of biophysical boundaries (freshwater, nitrogen and phosphorus use). Also, at the existing rate, India is going to cross the remainder of the boundaries within 2045-2050 (climate change, arable land use, ecological and material footprint). Of 20 indicators used for social development, only five have already or will meet corresponding desired thresholds of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2015. Using tendencies of past variations, the results indicate that if lowest per capita consumption can be attained and uphold, even with projected population growth, total consumption of four biophysical resources (climate change, nitrogen use, ecological and material footprint) can be slashed from today’s level in 2050. Adaptations in national policy are indispensable if India wants to accomplish sufficiency in biophysical resources whilst bestowing social equity in access and exploitation of those resources towards the continuance of social developments in forthcoming times.

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