Inequality of household consumption and PM2.5 footprint across socioeconomic groups in China

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals have highlighted the challenge posed by increasing air pollution. This study allocates PM2.5 footprint to household consumption expenditure based on multi-regional input-output model and survey data collected from 30 thousand households. The household indirect PM2.5 footprint related to spending on food, hospital, electricity, and education rank as the top four items, plus direct PM2.5 emissions, which in combination contribute more than 55% of total air pollution. Compared with the poor, the responsibilities for air pollution on the wealthy are more sensitive to changes in income, especially for high-end consumption categories, such as luxury goods and services, education and healthcare. Further, the wealthiest 20% of households cause 1.5 times PM2.5 footprint per capita than exposure to PM2.5 emissions. The high-footprint household samples are concentrated in high-exposure areas. It is recommended that mitigation policies address inequality of PM2.5 footprint by targeting the top 20% footprint groups with tags of wealthy, urban resident, well-educated, small family, and apartment living.

DETERMINANTS OF FOCUSED ANTENATAL CARE USE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN, ATTENDING DELIVERY, IN KARAMARA HOSPITAL, JIGJIGA TOWN, SOMALI REGION, EAST ETHIOPIA

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of focused antenatal care (ANC) use among pregnant women attending delivery in Karamara Hospital at Jigjiga town, Somali region, East Ethiopia from February to March 2017. Methods: Unmatched case–control study was conduct in Karamara hospital at Jigjiga town. A total of 366 women 183 cases and 183 controls were selected by convenience sampling techniques. Data were collected by trained data collectors using face-to-face interview of women. Logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of focused ANC nonuse. Variables with p<0.05 and 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that 80.3% of women had ANC follow-up in their last pregnancy. About 39.3% of women had FANC visit. Urban resident women (AOR=3.1, 95% CI [1.418, 7.211]), knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy (AOR=3.5, 95% CI [1.886, 6.832]), knowledge of days FANC services provision (AOR=4.4, 95% CI [1.86, 10.59]), existence of tradition believe about FANC (AOR=0.16, 95% CI [0.079, 0.347]), distance less than or equal 1 h (AOR=2.2, 95% CI [0.838, 5.850]), existence of health facility (AOR=3.14, 95% CI [1.38, 7.544]), information form health-care provider (AOR=3.6, 95% CI [1.04, 12.83]) delivery than their counterpart, and payment needed to use FANC (AOR=0.138, 95% CI [0.057, 0.331]) were significantly associated with FANC use. Conclusion: Being urban resident, knowledge about danger sign of pregnancy, time to reach nearest health facility, radio/Tv use and culture were significantly associated with FANC utilization among pregnant women. Thus, efforts should be made to improve accessibility and availability of the health facility, educating of pregnant women about danger signs of pregnancy physical, information education, and communication of the benefits of FANC service were also critical area that needs intervention.

Study on Structure of Population Divided by Gender and Geography: HCM, Vietnam Case

Population is one crucial factor to develop an economy, but how to divide the population by gender and geography efficiently requires excellent strategy. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of population structure divided by gender and geography in terms of Vietnam as a country based on logistics transport development in Ho Chi Minh (HCM), Vietnam by using multivariate regression with time series data between 2010 and 2019. The major findings are resident population in rural and urban settlements were impacted, but female and male populations were not impacted based on productivity calculated from the labour of Logistics Transport Industry (LTI). Rural and in urban resident populations were not impacted but female and male populations were impacted by passengers’ productivity based on calculations obtained from LTI. While female and male populations were affected, all rural and urban resident population were not affected by Gross domestic products.

MATERNITY HOUSE IN THE SOVIET CITY OF THE MIDDLE OF THE XX century: MEDICAL, SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGI-CAL AND MATERIAL-HOUSE ASPECT

Статья посвящена анализу роли родильного дома в жизни советской городской жительницы в 1950-1960-е гг. сквозь призму медицинского, социально-психологического и материально-бытового аспекта. В данный период происходит формирование нового образа родильного дома, связанного с представлениями о квалифицированной медицинской помощи, безопасностью родов, а также соответствующими церемониями и традициями при рождении ребёнка. Однако декларируемый официальной советской пропагандой образ родильного дома и реальное положение дел в городских роддомах не всегда соответствовали друг другу. В ходе соотнесения двух этих образов был выявлен ряд противоречий, которые формировали реальный облик и реальное место родильного дома в советском городе в 1950-1960-е гг. The article is devoted to the analysis of the role played by a maternity home in the life of a Soviet urban resident in the 1950s-1960s. through the prism of medical, sociopsychological and material-everyday aspects. During this period, a new image of the maternity hospital is being formed, related to the notions of qualified medical care, the safety of childbirth, as well as the corresponding ceremonies and traditions at the time of the birth of the child. However, the image of the maternity hospital declared by the official Soviet propaganda and the real state of affairs in the city maternity homes did not always correspond to each other. During the correlation of these two images, a number of contradictions were identified that formed the real appearance and the real place of the maternity hospital in the Soviet city in the 1950s-1960s.