scholarly journals Expenses for producing the winter garlic planting material (allium sativum L.) in vitro

Author(s):  
M Azopkova ◽  
I Muravieva ◽  
A Polyakov
2020 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
И.В. Муравьева ◽  
М.А. Азопкова ◽  
А.В. Поляков

Чеснок (Allium sativum L.) – исключительно вегетативно размножаемое растение, которое подвержено заражению многочисленными грибными, бактериальными и другими фитопатогенами. При размножении инфицированных растений фитопатогены передаются потомству, что приводит к снижению урожайности, потере качества, лежкоспособности и часто к вырождению сортов. Сложность своевременного выявления наличия внутренней инфекции в посадочном материале чеснока послужила причиной исследования приемов биотехнологии для решения данной проблемы. Целью исследования было определение уровня и состава контаминации на эксплантах чеснока при введении в культуру in vitro. Исследования проведены на зубках чеснока ярового и озимого, выращенных в полевых условиях опытного участка ВНИИО - филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО и хранившихся при температуре около 10 °С в течение 7-8 месяцев. Для введения в культуру in vitro отбирали внешне здоровые, не поврежденные зубки, донце которых служило эксплантом. Зубки чеснока промывали в проточной воде, выдерживали в 0,1% -ном растворе перманганата калия 20 минут, затем в условиях ламинарного бокса обрабатывали 70%-ным этанолом и стерилизовали в растворе гипохлорита натрия 1,5% в течение 20 минут. После стерилизации экспланты были помещены на питательную среду MS. Культивирование зубков чеснока ярового и озимого на питательной среде в культуре in vitro позволило выявить присутствие внутренней инфекции, характерной для чеснока, относящейся к родам Fusarium, Penicillum, Pseudomonas. Установлена инфицированность посадочного материала чеснока грибами рода Аspergillus, ранее не зафиксированной в условиях Московской области. Доля пораженных эксплантов чеснока озимого этим патогеном составила 9,3%, ярового - 8,2%. Наибольшую распространенность получили грибы рода Fusarium, доля которых составила в среднем на чесноке озимом 65,6%, на чесноке яровом – 27,6 %. Проведенные исследования показали, что посадочный материал чеснока озимого и ярового заражен характерными для культуры болезнями и нуждается в комплексном оздоровлении. Garlic is exclusively vegetatively propagated crop which is damaged by numerous funguses, bacterial and other phytopathogens. Under propagation of infected plants phytopathogens are transferred to progenies that leads to decrease productivity, to loss of quality, storability and frequently to degeneration of cultivars. The complexity of timely identification of presence of internal infection in landing material of garlic caused investigation of methods of biotechnology for the solution of this problem. The investigations were carried out on cloves of summer and winter garlic grown up in field conditions of the experimental plot belonging to All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre and stored in laboratory room at the temperature about 10 °C within 7-8 months. For introduction to in vitro culture there were selected outwardly healthy, not defective cloves the bottom parts of which were used as exsplants. After sterilization explants were placed on a medium. Cultivation of explants of summer and winter garlic on a medium in vitro culture allowed to reveal presence of the internal infection, the characteristic of garlic which is falling into to the sorts Fusarium, Penicillum, Pseudomonas. Contamination of landing material of garlic by fungi of the sort Aspergillus, earlier not recorded in the conditions of the Moscow region was established in the experiment. The share of damaged explants of winter garlic by pathogens made 9.3%, summer garlic – 8.2%. The greatest abundance was received by genus Fusariumfungi share of which on winter garlic consisted of 65.6%, on summer garlic – 27.6%. The carried out investigations showed that landing material of winter and summer garlic is infected with the diseases, characteristic of culture, and needs complex improvement.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
AdiDharma Widjaya ◽  
MeinyFaudah Amin ◽  
Aryadi ◽  
BoediOetomo Roeslan

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (43) ◽  
pp. 5792-5795 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Metwally E ◽  
E El Denary M ◽  
M K Omar A ◽  
Naidoo Y ◽  
H Dewir Y

Author(s):  
Shahid Khan ◽  
Neeta Raj Sharma

Objective: In vitro analysis of Allium sativum and Allium ampeloprasum was performed to evaluate their antifungal potential against Alternaria triticina (ITCC 5496), causative agent of leaf blight in wheat and Magnaporthe oryzae (ITCC 6808), causative agent of blast disease in rice.Methods: Ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum and A. sativum were prepared by crushing their bulb in liquid nitrogen and then immersing them in 90% ethanol and 100% ethanol separately. The antifungal activity test was determined by quantitative assay using 96-well microtiter plate and results were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism v. 5.03.Results: A. triticina and M. oryzae showed above 90% and 95% growth inhibition, respectively against the ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum. Conversely, growth inhibition of either fungus remained mostly below 35% against ethanol extracts of A. sativum at all tested concentrations.Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum have relatively higher antifungal potential than ethanol extracts of A. sativum and could be considered as a natural alternative to chemical fungicides.Keywords: Allium sativum, Allium ampeloprasum, Alternaria triticina, Magnaporthe oryzae.


Kultivasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sholihin ◽  
Erni Suminar ◽  
Wieny Heriliya Rizky ◽  
G. G. Pitaloka
Keyword(s):  

Bawang putih merupakan komoditas penting di Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan negara terbesar pengimpor bawang putih. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam teknik produksi benih secara konvensional menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas tidak optimalnya pengembangan dan penyebaran benih tersebut. Produksi benih  in vitro dapat dijadikan sebagai metode alternatif dalam perbanyakan benih sumber kultivar unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mendapatkan komposisi kinetin dan GA3 terbaik pada media dasar MS untuk regenerasi eksplan meristemsecara in vitro.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur JaringanBalai Pengembangan Benih Hortikultura dan Aneka Tanaman Pasir Banteng, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Provinsi Jawa Barat, yang berlangsung dari bulan April hingga Juli 2015. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah meristem bawang putih kultivar Tawangmangu. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Media yang digunakan adalah Murashige dan Skoog (MS) dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh Kinetin (0,0 mg L-1; 1,5 mg L-1; 3,0 mg L-1; 4,5 mg L-1) dan GA3 (0,0 mg L-1; 0,5 mg L-1; 1,0 mg L-1).Perlakuan komposisi Kinetin dan GA3 pada media MS memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bawang putih kultivar Tawangmangu in vitro, dan perlakuan yang terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan 4,5 mg L-1 Kin + 1,0 mg L-1 GA3 untuk peubah jumlah daun, tetapi perlakuan media tanpa kinetinmemberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap tinggi tunas, jumlah akar, dan panjang akar pada pertumbuhan eksplan meristem bawang putih Kultivar Tawangmangu in vitro.Kata Kunci:Bawang Putih Kultivar Tawangmangu, Eksplan Meristem, GA3, In Vitro, Kinetin, Media MS


2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3B) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Anh Phuong Chu ◽  
Hai Van Nguyen

ABSTRACT-QMFS2019Poultry production provides source of protein and contributes an important income for Vietnamese farmers. Among the poultry in Vietnam, ducks account for 27.3% of head of poultry and even 55.7% in Mekong Delta region. Along with the development of rearing ducks, bacterial, viral and fungal diseases occurring in the two last decades induced bad effect for poultry producer. Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Streptococcal or Pasteurella act as major pathogenic bacteria in duck. The aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of garlic Allium sativum against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and to evaluate the effect of garlic on growth performance of duck from 1-28 old-days. The results indicated that fresh garlic and dried garlic powder showed inhibitory effect against pathogenic tested strains from 2% and 4% w/v, respectively. The inhibition zones and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of garlic extract ranged from 11.3-28.3 mm and 0.02-0.2 g/ml, respectively. After 28 days of diet with garlic supplemented, D3 (2% of fresh garlic in water) showed significantly different in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), average daily weight (ADW); whereas, D2 (2% of garlic powder in basal diet) only possessed a difference significant in feed consumption (FC) compared to the D1 (control without garlic supplementation). The obtained results demonstrated the potential of garlic application in poultry production.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lilyana Nacheva ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Danuta Kulpa

In vitro micropropagation of plants is highly useful for obtaining large quantities of planting material with valuable economic qualities. However, plantlets grow in vitro in a specific environment and the adaptation after the transfer to ex vitro conditions is difficult. Therefore, the acclimatization is a key step, which mostly determines the success of micropropagation. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the biofertlizer Lumbrical on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear rootstock OHF 333 (Pyrus communis L.). Micropropagated and rooted plantlets were potted in peat and perlite (2:1) mixture with or without Lumbrical. They were grown in a growth chamber at a temperature of 22&plusmn;2 &deg;C and photoperiod of 16/8 hours supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (150 &micro;mol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). The plants were covered with transparent foil to maintain the high humidity, and ten days later, the humidity was gradually decreased. Biometric parameters, anatomic-morphological analyses, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) were measured 21 days after transplanting the plants to ex vitro conditions. The obtained results showed that the plants, acclimatized ex vitro in the substrate with Lumbrical, presented better growth (stem length, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh mass) and photosynthetic characteristics as compared to the control plants. This biostimulator could also be used to improve acclimatization in other woody species


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