The agronomy performance and financial feasibility of hybrid maize varieties for consumption and cattle feed in difference planting system

This study is undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9, were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15 d. Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P, and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and methylglyoxal (MG) in both genotypes. Individually, salinity and low P increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both genotypes, but combined stress decreased the activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities in both genotypes. However, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT, APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Conversely, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of the down-regulation of glyoxalase-I (Gly-I) activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.

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Identification of Associations between SSR Markers and Quantitative Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Jan Bocianowski ◽

Kamila Nowosad ◽

Barbara Wróbel ◽

Piotr Szulc

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Marker Assisted Selection ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Multiple Traits ◽

Good Tool ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Hybrid Maize

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have wide applicability for genetic analysis in crop plant improvement strategies. Marker-assisted selection is an important tool for plant breeders to increase the efficiency of a breeding process, especially for multigenic traits, highly influenced by the environment. In this paper, the relationships between SSR markers and 26 quantitative traits of hybrid maize varieties (Zea mays L.) were analyzed. Association analyses were performed based on 30 SSR primers in a set of thirteen hybrid maize varieties. A total of 112 SSR markers were detected in these genotypes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 17, with the average number of alleles per locus equal to 3.7. The number of molecular markers associated with observed traits ranged from 1 (for the number of kernels in row, ears weight and fresh weight of one plant) to 14 (for damage of maize caused by P. nubilalis) in 2016 as well as from 1 (for soil plant analysis development—SPAD, the number of grains in ear and fresh weight of one plant) to 12 (for carotenoids content) in 2017. The sum of statistically significant associations between SSR markers and at least one trait was equal to one hundred sixty in 2016 as well as one hundred twenty-five in 2017. Marker trait associations (MTAs) were found on the basis of regression analysis. The proportion of the total phenotypic variances of individual traits explained by the marker ranged from 24.4% to 77.7% in the first year of study and from 24.3% to 77.9% in 2017. Twenty-two SSR markers performed a significant effect on at least one tested trait in both years of experiment. The three markers (phi021/4, phi036/3, and phi061/2) can be a good tool in marker-assisted selection because they allow simultaneous selection for multiple traits in both years of study, such as the number of kernels in row and the number of grains in ear (phi021/4), the number of plant after germination, the number of plants before harvest, and the number of ears (phi036/3), as well as moisture of grain and length of ears (phi061/2).

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PENGARUH JARAK TANAM PADA SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKTIVITAS DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN SRAGEN JAWA TENGAH

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v13i2.21030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Tota Suhendrata

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Financial Feasibility ◽

Input And Output ◽

Planting Distance ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Planting System ◽

Padi Rice

Abstract : One of the efforts to increase the productivity of paddy rice by setting the right spacing. At this time, developing technology engine planting of rice seedlings (rice transplanter) which introducing plant spacing ranging from narrow spacing to large plant spacing both on legowo row planting system and tile planting system. With regard to the introduction of these technologies, further research is needed in the effect of plant spacing on growth, productivity (grain yield) and income of paddy rice farmers. The assessment was carried out on the wetland of farmer group of Rukun Tani Sulur Blimbing Village of Sragen Regency on July – October 2014. The assessment consisted of 3 planting distance treatment of legowo row 2: 1 planting system, ie 20 x 10 x 40 cm, 20 x 13 x 15 cm and 20 x 15 x 40 cm, each treatment repeated 7 times. The area of each treatment is about 0.33 ha. The assessment involves 7 farmers, each farmer carrying out 3 treatment. The seedlings using legowo 2:1planting system of rice transplanter. This rice transplanter has 3 combination of plant distance, that is 20 x 10 x 40 cm, 20 x 13 x 15 cm and 20 x 15 x 40 cm. The data collected includes the number of productive tillers, productivity, input and output of farming. Data analysis to compare between 3 treatment by using paired t test. While the analysis of financial feasibility of paddy farming technology using partial budget analysis. The results of this assessment showed that a legowo row 2:1 planting system with plant distance 20 x 15 x 40 cm resulted in highest productive tillers, productivity and income compared to the legowo 2:1 with a narrower plant distance 20 x 10 x 40 cm and 20 x 13 x 40 cm. Abstrak: Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi sawah melalui pengaturan jarak tanam yang tepat. Pada saat ini, berkembang teknologi mesin tanam bibit padi (rice transplanter) yang mengintroduksikan jarak tanam mulai dari jarak tanam sempit sampai dengan jarak tanam lebar baik pada sistem tanam jajar legowo maupun sistem tanam tegel. Berkenaan dengan introduksi teknologi tersebut perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih dalam pengaruh jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan, produktivitas (hasil gabah) dan pendapatan petani padi sawah. Pengkajian dilaksanakan pada lahan sawah kelompok tani Rukun Tani Sulur Desa Blimbing Kec. Sambirejo Kab. Sragen Jawa Tengah pada MT-3 2014. Pengkajian terdiri dari 3 perlakuan jarak tanam pada sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1, yaitu 20 x 10 x 40 cm, 20 x 13 x 15 cm dan 20 x 15 x 40 cm dengan 7 kali ulangan. Luas masing-masing perlakuan sekitar 0,33 ha. Pengkajian melibatkan 7 orang petani, setiap petani melaksanakan 3 perlakuan. Tanam bibit padi menggunakan mesin tanam bibit padi 4 baris sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1. Mesin tanam ini mempunyai 3 kombinasi jarak tanam, yaitu 20 x 10 x 40 cm, 20 x 13 x 15 cm dan 20 x 15 x 40 cm. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi jumlah anakan produktif, produktivitas, input dan output usahatani. Analisis data untuk membandingkan antara 3 perlakuan jarak tanam dilakukan uji t berpasangan dengan menggunakan software SPSS Statistics 17.0. Sedangkan analisis kelayakan finansial teknologi usahatani padi sawah menggunakan analisis anggaran parsial. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1 dengan jarak tanam lebar (20 x 15 x 40 cm) menghasilkan jumlah anakan produktif, produktivitas dan pendapatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1 dengan jarak tanam yang lebih sempit (20 x 10 x 40 cm dan 20 x 13 x 40 cm).

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Response Of Maize Varieties To Sowing Dates In Inner Terai Region, Dang, Nepal

Malaysian Journal of Halal Research Journal ◽

10.2478/mjhr-2019-0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Pukar Khanal ◽

Rupak Karn ◽

Pratibha Budhathoki Chhetri ◽

Samita Karki ◽

Shrawan Kumar Sah

Keyword(s):

Unit Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Spring Season ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Hybrid Maize

AbstractSowing dates and varieties affect the productivity of maize. A field experiment was conducted to find out the response of maize hybrids to sowing dates on growth and productivity of maize in spring season at Lamahi, Dang in 2019. The experiment was laid out in two factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatment consisted of combination of three different sowing dates (February 1, February12 and February 23) and two maize varieties (Arun-2 i.e. OPV and hybrid Bioseed-9220).The result revealed that earlier planting on February 1 produced the highest yield (8265 Kg ha-1) which was significantly superior than latter planting of February 12(6099 kg ha-1)and February 23 (5934 kg ha-1).The higher yield in earlier planting was due to significantly higher no of kernel per ear, non-significant but higher number of cob per unit area, thousand grain weight. Similarly, Bioseed 9220 produced higher yield (7798 kg ha-1) compared to Arun-2 (5,734 kg ha-1). The higher yield of hybrid Bioseed 9220 was because of higher number of cob per unit area harvested and more number of kernel per cob. Therefore, earlier planting with hybrid maize is recommended in spring season of Dang and locations with similar climatic conditions for higher productivity of maize.

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Landrace Maize Varieties Used as Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil with 2,4-D + Picloram

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i4.17480 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 302

Author(s):

Adriano Maltezo da Rocha ◽

Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽

Paulo Cesar Laurindo Silva ◽

Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho ◽

Aureane Cristina Teixeira Ferreira Cândido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Production System ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Evaluation Period ◽

Maize Cultivar ◽

Herbicide Residue ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Hybrid Maize

The use of herbicides such as 2,4-D + picloram in livestock areas can contaminate and hinder the use of the production system for subsequent crops of other crops. The objective of the research was to evaluate the ability of landrace maize varieties to reduce contamination of soil treated with 2,4-D + picloram, simulating existing conditions in the Amazon Biome. The experiment consisted of 6 phytoremediation treatments (4 landrace maize varieties, 1 hybrid maize cultivar and 1 control without cultivation), 2 herbicide conditions (with and without) and 3 evaluation periods (28, 56 and 84 days). The soil was contaminated and the maize was subsequently cultivated under the herbicide conditions mentioned above. After each evaluation period, soil samples were collected, which were used to mount bioassays by growing cucumber (plants sensitive to the herbicide). Emergence, aerial dry mass and root dry mass were evaluated. All variables were affected by the herbicide residue. However, the reduction in herbicide persistence in each evaluation period was notable, resulting in the normal reestablishment of bioindicator seedlings, especially in the last evaluation at 84 days. The samples obtained in the soil cultivated with the varieties CR purple and CR white showed the best conditions for the development of cucumber, demonstrating the potential to be studied in phytoremediation programs.

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Effect of planting system of potato and plant density of maize on productivity of potato- hybrid maize intercropping system

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v41i3.29711 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 397-409

Author(s):

AA Begum ◽

MSU Bhuiya ◽

SMA Hossain ◽

Amina Khatun ◽

SK Das

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Research Field ◽

Economic Return ◽

Single Row ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

Planting System ◽

Better Than

The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Field, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during 2010-11 to find out the appropriate planting system of potato and plant density of maize in potatohybrid maize intercropping system for maximum yield and economic return. Ten treatments were evaluated viz., T1= Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 125% hybrid maize (75 cm × 20 cm), T2=Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 100% hybrid maize (75cm × 25 cm), T3= Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 83% hybrid maize (75 cm × 30 cm), T4= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) + 125% hybrid maize (75 cm × 20 cm), T5= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) +100% hybrid maize (75 cm × 25 cm), T6= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) + 83% hybrid maize (75 cm × 30 cm), T7= Sole potato whole tuber single row planting system (60 cm × 25 cm), T8 = Sole potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm), T9= Sole hybrid maize in normal spacing 75 cm × 25 cm (sole HM1) and T10= Sole hybrid maize (75 cm × 25 cm) sown 30 days after potato planting (sole HM2). The results revealed that sole planting of both potato and maize produced the maximum yields. In case of sole potato, potato half tuber paired row planting system was better than potato whole tuber single row planting system. On the other hand, the performance of sole HM1 was better than sole HM2 in relation to growth, yield and economic performance. Over all T1 treatment ( potato whole tuber single row planting system with 125 % hybrid maize population) was the best intercropping system for getting higher yield and economic return as well as less relative crowding coefficient with better crop performance ratio.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 397-409, September 2016

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Response Of Maize Varieties To Zinc Fertilization

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9272 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 437-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MA Hossain ◽

M Jahiruddin ◽

F Khatun

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Research Station ◽

Ganges River ◽

River Floodplain ◽

Zinc Fertilization ◽

Identical Response ◽

Zn Addition ◽

The Pacific ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Hybrid Maize

Eight maize varieties viz. four composites (Mohor, Barnali, Khoibhutta, and BARI Maize-6) and four hybrids (BARI Hybrid Maize-1, BARI Hybrid Maize- 3, BARI Hybrid Maize Top 1 & Pacific 984), were tested for their response to zinc fertilization (0 and 3 kg Zn/ha) at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jessore (AEZ-11, High Ganges River Floodplain) during 2002- 2005. The varieties were not equally responsive to Zn addition. Except BARI Hybrid Maize-3, all other hybrids showed higher response to Zn compared to composite varieties. Among the hybrids, the Pacific 984 had the highest response followed by BARI Hybrid Maize-1 and BARI Hybrid Maize Top 1, the later two showed identical response. Comparing the composite varieties, their response can be ranked as Barnali ≈ Mohor > Khoibhutta > BARI Maize-6. The result suggests that BARI Hybrid Maize-3 and BARI Maize-6 were the most Zn inresponsive (Zn efficient) varieties. Further it appeared that Pacific 984 gave the highest seed yield, 10.46 t/ha due to Zn application. So, the farmers can grow this variety with an application of Zn @ 3 kg/ha in the deficient soil. The results also indicate that the farmers can cultivate BARI Hybrid Maize-3 in the moderately zinc deficient soils with a minimum dose (1 to 2 kg/ha) of Zn fertilization. Keywords: Maize varieties; zinc fertilization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9272 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 437-447

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Socio-economic analysis of open pollinated improved and hybrid maize production in Sindhupalchok district of Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v4i1.33246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 130-139

Author(s):

Grace Tiwari ◽

Chandan K.C. ◽

Praseed Thapa ◽

Astha Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Household Head ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

T Test ◽

Maize Production ◽

Access To Credit ◽

Maize Productivity ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

The Cost ◽

Level Training

The study was conducted from April to June, 2020 for comparative analysis of socioeconomic factors and profitability between Open Pollinated Improved (OPI) varieties and Hybrid varieties on maize production in Sindhupalchok district of Nepal. A structured questionnaire was administered to 80 randomly selected households i.e. 48 HHs cultivated OPI and 32 HHs cultivated hybrid maize varieties. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, multiple linear regressions and indexing were used for data analysis using statistical tools- SPSS version 25 and MS-Excel. Linear regression model revealed that area under maize (5% level), education (5% level), age of household head (1% level), training (1% level), access to credit (5% level) and choice of seed (1 % level) significantly influenced maize production. In addition, unpaired t-test revealed that the productivity of hybrid maize varieties was significantly higher (1% level) than OPI varieties. Fall Armyworm infestation was found to more severe in OPI varieties (5% level) than hybrid. Furthermore, B: C ratio of hybrid varieties (1.59) indicated hybrid maize to be more profitable than OPI (1% level). However, the total cost of cultivation along with the cost of seed per hectare of OPI was found to be lower than hybrid varieties (1% level) thereby significantly increasing the area under maize production for OPI varieties (1% level). Indexing identified- lack of availability of quality seeds and fertilizers (I= 0.78) as the major problem associated with maize production. Ensuring access to quality seeds and fertilizer at subsidy, mechanization and efficient extension services focused on development of affordable hybrid maize varieties or high yielding OPI and its adoption among the farmers in order to increase maize productivity is recommended.

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Growth and Production of Corn in Various Planting Distances Systems

AgroTech Journal ◽

10.31327/atj.v5i2.1352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 89-93

Author(s):

Rusnadi Padjung ◽

Muh Farid Bdr ◽

N. Nasaruddin ◽

Ifayanti Ridwan ◽

Muhammad Fuad Anshori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Important Food ◽

Research Results ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Main Plot ◽

Food Commodities ◽

Experimental Garden ◽

Planting System ◽

Research Institute

Corn is one of the most important food commodities consumed by most people in various parts of the country. There is a real interaction between spacing varieties on the observed characters. There are one or more production chatacters that have a significant correlation with production. This research will be carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Bajeng Cereal Research Institute, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, with a coordinate point of 5o18'21.5 "LS, 119o28'38.6" BT. The research was conducted from August to November 2020. This study used a separate plot experimental design. The main plot is a planting system legowo (S) which consists of 3 planting systems, namely the spacing of 75 x 20 cm = 66,667 pop / ha (J1), Legowo (50 + 100) x 20 cm = 66,667 population / ha (J2), and Legowo (50 + 100) x 18 cm = 74,074 population / ha (J3). Meanwhile, the subplots were maize varieties (V), namely NASA 29 (V1), Bisi 2 (V2), and Sinhas 1 (V3). From the research results, it can be concluded that the spacing has no effect on the character of the observation. the variety has a very significant effect on the observed character, except for rod diameter. As for the correlation, the observed characters that had an effect on production were ear length and weight of 1000 seeds

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Genotype by environment interaction and yield stability of hybrid maize varieties evaluated in three locations of mid altitudes of Rwanda

10.31730/osf.io/48htq ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fabrice Rwasimitana ◽

Ngaboyisonga Claver ◽

Ukozehasi Celestin ◽

Eva Johansson

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Yield Data ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

The Stability ◽

Hybrid Maize

A multi-environment yield trial is important to understand the genotype by environment interaction and to select high performing and stable crop varieties. The aim of this study was to identify high yielding and stable hybrid maize varieties for mid altitudes of Rwanda, to compare the performance of new hybrid varieties with commercial checks, and to determine the extent of genotype by environment interaction. Maize is a staple crop used to fight hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. Different varieties have been released to increase yield including Open Pollinated Varieties (OPVs) and hybrids. Genotype by Environment interaction is an issue that all breeding program need to overcome. In the future, improved varieties will be needed in order to increase income for farmers and help in food security Field experiments were conducted to assess the performance and the stability of 27 maize varieties in the mid altitudes zone of Rwanda in the Cyabayaga, Rubona and Bugarama sites. The experimental design was alpha lattice (0,1) with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data were collected for a number of characters i.e. silking, Antesis-Silking Interval (ASI), plant height, plant aspect, ear per plant, husk cover, ear aspect, ear rot and grain yield. Data were analyzed by GenS Stat statistical computer package, Discovery Edition. ANOVA and AMMI analysis were applied to assess the performance and the stability of varieties and the degree of genotype by environment interaction (G×E). In addition, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were conducted to assess relationships between varieties. The results showed that RHM1706, RHMM1701, RHM1409, RHMM1707, WH509, RHMM1704, RHM407, WH101, RHMM1710, RHMM1708, PAN53 and RHM104 were stable across locations. Furthermore, the evaluated varieties were found to cluster into five groups. Varieties found to be most stable are recommended for further use.

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